托福語法:表示一個尚未完全過去的時期內(nèi)延續(xù)的動作

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表示時間的詞 for,since(參見第 187節(jié)),all day/night/week, all my等life,all the time,always,lately,never,recently
    A現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示一個從過去開始而且將繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在說話時間之后的動作:
    He has been in the army for two years.
    他在軍隊里已經(jīng)服役兩年了。(他還在軍隊里。)
    I have smoked since I left sohool.
    我離開中學以來一直抽煙。(我仍然抽煙。)
    We have waited all day.
    我們等了整整一天了。(現(xiàn)在仍在等。)
    He has lived here all his life.
    他一輩子都住在這里。(他還住這里。)
    He has always worked for us.
    他一直在為我們工作。(他現(xiàn)在仍在為我們工作。)
    這種類型的動作可以用圖解表示為:
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    可以把上述例句和下面例句相比:
    He was in the army for two years.
    他在軍隊里呆了兩年。(他現(xiàn)在不在軍隊里。)
    I smoked for six months.
    我抽了六個月煙。(然后戒了煙。)
    He lived here all his life.
    他一輩子都住在這里。(可能他現(xiàn)已去世。)
    以上三個例句都與已完時段有關:
    {ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !461336T2.bmp}
    所以要用一般過去時。(參見第117節(jié)B。)
    B但是現(xiàn)在完成時有時可以用來表示一個開始于過去而正巧在說話時刻結束的動作:
    Ann(on meeting someone):I haven’t seen you for ages.
    安(遇見了某人):我很久沒見到你了。(但現(xiàn)在看到了你)
    This room hasn’t been cleaned for months.
    這房間已有好幾個月沒有清掃了。(但我們現(xiàn)在正在打掃)
    It has been very cold lately but it’s just beginning to get warmer.
    近來天氣一直很冷,但現(xiàn)在開始暖和了。