"It"的用法

字號:

1)指事物,人(不明性別或何人時),嬰孩、動物(不提性別)或昆蟲等。
    例:"Where is my watch, dear?"
    (我的手表在哪兒,親愛的?)
    "I saw it in your drawer last night."
    (昨晚我看到它在你的抽屜里。)
    例:"Who is it?"
    (是誰?──如敲門時,不明對方的性別或何人。)
    "It's me, Peter."
    (是我,彼得。)
    例:Mrs. Huang had a baby last night.It weighs 4 kilos.
    (黃太太昨夜生了一個嬰兒,體重達(dá)四公斤。)
    例:What's that?
    (那是什么?)
    It's a silkworm.
    (是蠶。)
    (2)表達(dá)時間、日期、季節(jié)、天氣、距離、環(huán)境等。
    例:"What time is it?"-"It's five to twelve."
    (幾點(diǎn)鐘了?──現(xiàn)在是十一點(diǎn)五十五分。)
    例:"What's the date?"-"It is the third of October."
    (今天幾錄溉??──今天是十月三儒帲?br> 例:It is very hot in summer.
    (夏天的天氣都是很熱。)
    例:How far is it from here to the station?
    (這里到車站有多遠(yuǎn)?)
    例:I like it here very much.
    (我很喜歡這里的環(huán)境。)
    (3)表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)
    句型It +be…+that(who)…
    例:It was Paul that (who) broke the window.
    (=Paul broke the window.)
    (打破了窗的人是保羅。)
    解說 "It… that…"是表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)的正常句式,但是若強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn)是"人",則使用"It…who…"也很普通。本句式可用于一個句子中的任何強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn),例如:
    例:Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.
    →It was Peter who met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.
    (昨天在戲院看到海倫和比爾的人是彼得。)
    →It was Helen and Bill that Peter met at the theater yesterday.
    (昨天彼得在戲院所遇見的人是海倫和比爾。)
    →It was at the theater that Peter met Helen and Bill yesterday.
    (昨天彼得遇見海倫和比爾的地點(diǎn)是戲院。)
    →It was yesterday that Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater.
    (彼得在戲院遇見海倫和比爾的時間是昨天。)
    (4)形式主語
    例:It is shameful the way he behaves himself before girls.
    (他在女生面前的舉止真叫人臉紅。)
    例:It is easy to find fault with others.
    (批評別人是容易的。)
    例:It is wrong for you to speak ill of her.
    (你講她的壞話是不對的。)
    例:It is a great convenience living / to live in a big city.
    (住在大城市里事事都方便。)
    例:It is surprising that she should have married a farmer.
    (她居然和農(nóng)民結(jié)婚實(shí)在令人意想不到。)
    解說 上面各例句都可以把"It"所代表的實(shí)際主語移到句首來,例如:
    The way he behaves himself before girls is shameful.
    To find fault with others is easy.
    雖然如此,現(xiàn)代英語仍以"I…"較普通。
    (5)形式賓語
    例:I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination.
    (我認(rèn)為考試作弊是不對的。)
    例:Don't you find it a waste of time watching television too much?
    (你不覺得電視看得太多是浪費(fèi)時間嗎?)
    例:I thought it strange that Jack should have had so much money to spend these days.
    (我覺得杰克近日來會有這么多的錢可花費(fèi)是一件奇怪的事。)
    解說 本句式都用于有賓語補(bǔ)語的不完全及物動詞的句子,"it"代表著賓語補(bǔ)語之后的實(shí)際賓語(不定式、動名詞、或that-clause)。本句式的實(shí)際賓語不可以移入"it"的位置而把"it"省略。常可用本句式來表達(dá)的不完全及物動詞有:
    find(發(fā)現(xiàn),覺得),think(想,覺得),believe(相信),consider(認(rèn)為),make,take,etc.
    (6)"it"可以代表前述的短語或句子
    例:Don't let your children play with matches or lighters.It is dangerous.
    (不要讓你的小孩們玩火柴或打火機(jī)。那是危險的。)
    例:"Jim can solve that puzzle."
    (吉姆能解答那個謎題。)
    "I don't believe it."
    (我不相信。)
    (7)"it"常作非人稱動詞的主語
    例:It happened that I was there then.
    (碰巧當(dāng)時我也在場。)
    例:It appears that he'll be elected.
    (他像是會當(dāng)選的樣子。)
    例:It occurred to me then that I had an appointment with her that evening.
    (當(dāng)時我突然想起來我本來和她在當(dāng)天晚上有約會。)