1999 Passage 5
21. The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens,the moon and the planets.
「譯文」 蘋果向下落到地面不是向上飛到樹(shù)上，這一事實(shí)回答了他長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直對(duì)天空中更大果實(shí)——月球和行星所存有的疑問(wèn)。
「析句」 這個(gè)句子的主干是The fact… answered the question.主語(yǔ)The fact跟了一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句（the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree）。賓語(yǔ)the question跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句（he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens,the moon and the planets）。
「講詞」 fact（事實(shí)）詞義雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但是在英語(yǔ)中會(huì)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，特別是介詞的賓語(yǔ)，這種情況可能會(huì)給理解增加一些困難。We have to be aware of that fact that there is censorship in every country in the world.（我們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即全世界每個(gè)國(guó)家都存在審查制度。）Apart from the fact that this is mislabeled, you could not guarantee that others would recognize these conventions,or even follow them.（不僅這種說(shuō)法不對(duì)，而且你無(wú)法保證其他人會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到這些習(xí)俗，或者甚至?xí)袷剡@些習(xí)俗。）
22. In talking to some scientists,particularly younger ones,you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought.
「譯文」 在和一些科學(xué)家，特別是年輕科學(xué)家交談時(shí)，你可能會(huì)有這樣一種印象：他們認(rèn)為“科學(xué)方法”可以代替創(chuàng)造性思維。
「析句」 這個(gè)句子的主干是you… gather the impression.句子的狀語(yǔ)（In talking to some scientists,particularly younger ones）較長(zhǎng)。that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the impression.
「講詞」 substitute意為“替代，替身”。Fantasies are more than substitutes for unpleasant reality.（幻想的意義并不僅僅在于作為失意的現(xiàn)實(shí)的替代物。）Silk was once substituted as a writing material.（絲綢曾一度是書寫材料的替代品。） The coach has to find a substitute for the injured forward.（教練必須為受傷的前鋒尋找一位替補(bǔ)隊(duì)員。）
23. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate,then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.
「譯文」 假如科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)像科學(xué)雜志登載的科學(xué)報(bào)告顯示的那樣完全按事先的計(jì)劃去規(guī)劃和實(shí)施，那么，對(duì)管理層來(lái)說(shuō)，期待研究能夠產(chǎn)生可以用金錢衡量的結(jié)果是完全合理的。
「析句」 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，從句是if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，主句是then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.從句的結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，在這個(gè)as… as…的結(jié)構(gòu)中，后一個(gè)as跟了一個(gè)句子。
「講詞」 measurable意為“可以衡量的”，measurable in dollars and cents意為“可以用錢來(lái)衡量”。In fact,practically any function that can be described is measurable.（事實(shí)上，每一個(gè)可以描述的功能幾乎都能加以衡量。）Economic effects are more measurable than social effects.（經(jīng)濟(jì)影響比社會(huì)影響更能加以衡量。）
24. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
「譯文」 審計(jì)人員也完全有理由相信，確切知道自己的目標(biāo)并知道如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的科學(xué)家們根本沒(méi)必要在一只眼盯著顯微鏡時(shí)，還要分心用另一只眼睛盯著現(xiàn)金計(jì)數(shù)器。
「析句」 這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)用的是形式主語(yǔ)it，真正的主語(yǔ)是for后面的部分。believe后面跟的是一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其主干是scientists… should not be distracted by…，其中的主語(yǔ)scientists跟了一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)分別是where和how引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)從句。
「講詞」 distract意為“使混亂，使迷惑”。The noise in the street distracted me from my reading.（街上的嘈雜聲使我不能專心讀書。）The school students were distracted by the noise outside the classroom.（教室外邊的喧鬧聲使學(xué)生們不能集中注意力。）
have（keep） an eye on意為“盯著，看著；注意，留意”。Keep an eye on contact lenses safety.（當(dāng)心隱形眼鏡的安全。）Scientists warn us of the need to keep an eye on the ozone layer.（科學(xué)家警告我們要關(guān)注臭氧層。）
25. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”
「譯文」 如果像他的論文所反映的那樣，科學(xué)家也想看到規(guī)律性和與某種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式的一致性，那么管理人員歧視研究人員中的“標(biāo)新立異者”，而贊賞“善于合作”的具有傳統(tǒng)思維模式的人，那也是無(wú)可指摘的。
「析句」 本句是倒裝句，原因是否定詞nor在句首，后面緊跟的是if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，注意其中有一個(gè)as… as…的用法，中間跟的是形容詞desirable，比較的是科學(xué)家對(duì)regularity and conformity的希望和他的論文所反映的要求；這樣的構(gòu)成使得主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)is發(fā)生了倒裝，介詞for后面跟的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)是blamed的理由。注意against和 in favor of后面各跟了一種不同類型的researchers；thinkers后面跟的是who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，起修飾作用。
「講詞」 conformity意為“一致；符合”。I acted in conformity with my principles.（我按照我的原則辦事。）conformity的動(dòng)詞是conform.We should conform to university regulations.（我們應(yīng)該遵守大學(xué)規(guī)則。）
odd balls在句中意為“奇怪的人”或“與眾不同的人”。
21. The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens,the moon and the planets.
「譯文」 蘋果向下落到地面不是向上飛到樹(shù)上，這一事實(shí)回答了他長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直對(duì)天空中更大果實(shí)——月球和行星所存有的疑問(wèn)。
「析句」 這個(gè)句子的主干是The fact… answered the question.主語(yǔ)The fact跟了一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句（the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree）。賓語(yǔ)the question跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句（he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens,the moon and the planets）。
「講詞」 fact（事實(shí)）詞義雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但是在英語(yǔ)中會(huì)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，特別是介詞的賓語(yǔ)，這種情況可能會(huì)給理解增加一些困難。We have to be aware of that fact that there is censorship in every country in the world.（我們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即全世界每個(gè)國(guó)家都存在審查制度。）Apart from the fact that this is mislabeled, you could not guarantee that others would recognize these conventions,or even follow them.（不僅這種說(shuō)法不對(duì)，而且你無(wú)法保證其他人會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到這些習(xí)俗，或者甚至?xí)袷剡@些習(xí)俗。）
22. In talking to some scientists,particularly younger ones,you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought.
「譯文」 在和一些科學(xué)家，特別是年輕科學(xué)家交談時(shí)，你可能會(huì)有這樣一種印象：他們認(rèn)為“科學(xué)方法”可以代替創(chuàng)造性思維。
「析句」 這個(gè)句子的主干是you… gather the impression.句子的狀語(yǔ)（In talking to some scientists,particularly younger ones）較長(zhǎng)。that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the impression.
「講詞」 substitute意為“替代，替身”。Fantasies are more than substitutes for unpleasant reality.（幻想的意義并不僅僅在于作為失意的現(xiàn)實(shí)的替代物。）Silk was once substituted as a writing material.（絲綢曾一度是書寫材料的替代品。） The coach has to find a substitute for the injured forward.（教練必須為受傷的前鋒尋找一位替補(bǔ)隊(duì)員。）
23. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate,then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.
「譯文」 假如科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)像科學(xué)雜志登載的科學(xué)報(bào)告顯示的那樣完全按事先的計(jì)劃去規(guī)劃和實(shí)施，那么，對(duì)管理層來(lái)說(shuō)，期待研究能夠產(chǎn)生可以用金錢衡量的結(jié)果是完全合理的。
「析句」 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，從句是if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，主句是then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.從句的結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，在這個(gè)as… as…的結(jié)構(gòu)中，后一個(gè)as跟了一個(gè)句子。
「講詞」 measurable意為“可以衡量的”，measurable in dollars and cents意為“可以用錢來(lái)衡量”。In fact,practically any function that can be described is measurable.（事實(shí)上，每一個(gè)可以描述的功能幾乎都能加以衡量。）Economic effects are more measurable than social effects.（經(jīng)濟(jì)影響比社會(huì)影響更能加以衡量。）
24. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
「譯文」 審計(jì)人員也完全有理由相信，確切知道自己的目標(biāo)并知道如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的科學(xué)家們根本沒(méi)必要在一只眼盯著顯微鏡時(shí)，還要分心用另一只眼睛盯著現(xiàn)金計(jì)數(shù)器。
「析句」 這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)用的是形式主語(yǔ)it，真正的主語(yǔ)是for后面的部分。believe后面跟的是一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其主干是scientists… should not be distracted by…，其中的主語(yǔ)scientists跟了一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)分別是where和how引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)從句。
「講詞」 distract意為“使混亂，使迷惑”。The noise in the street distracted me from my reading.（街上的嘈雜聲使我不能專心讀書。）The school students were distracted by the noise outside the classroom.（教室外邊的喧鬧聲使學(xué)生們不能集中注意力。）
have（keep） an eye on意為“盯著，看著；注意，留意”。Keep an eye on contact lenses safety.（當(dāng)心隱形眼鏡的安全。）Scientists warn us of the need to keep an eye on the ozone layer.（科學(xué)家警告我們要關(guān)注臭氧層。）
25. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”
「譯文」 如果像他的論文所反映的那樣，科學(xué)家也想看到規(guī)律性和與某種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式的一致性，那么管理人員歧視研究人員中的“標(biāo)新立異者”，而贊賞“善于合作”的具有傳統(tǒng)思維模式的人，那也是無(wú)可指摘的。
「析句」 本句是倒裝句，原因是否定詞nor在句首，后面緊跟的是if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，注意其中有一個(gè)as… as…的用法，中間跟的是形容詞desirable，比較的是科學(xué)家對(duì)regularity and conformity的希望和他的論文所反映的要求；這樣的構(gòu)成使得主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)is發(fā)生了倒裝，介詞for后面跟的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)是blamed的理由。注意against和 in favor of后面各跟了一種不同類型的researchers；thinkers后面跟的是who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，起修飾作用。
「講詞」 conformity意為“一致；符合”。I acted in conformity with my principles.（我按照我的原則辦事。）conformity的動(dòng)詞是conform.We should conform to university regulations.（我們應(yīng)該遵守大學(xué)規(guī)則。）
odd balls在句中意為“奇怪的人”或“與眾不同的人”。