Unit2
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）
Text 4
Technology is the creation of new products and processes intended to improve our working efficiency, our chances for survival, our comfort level, and our quality of life. The goal of science is to develop widely accepted knowledge or ideas, which are intangible; by contrast, technology is concerned primarily with the development of substantial things.
In many cases, technology develops from known scientific laws and theories. Scientists invented the laser, for example, by applying knowledge about the internal structure of atoms. Applied scientific knowledge about chemistry and electronics has given us nylon, pesticides, washing powder, intelligent computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, pollution control devices, and countless other products. Applications of theories in nuclear physics led to nuclear bombs and nuclear power plants.
Many technologies arise by way of trial and error, before anyone understands the underlying scientific principles. For example, aspirin, extracted from the bark of a tropical willow tree, relieved pain and fever long before anyone found out how it did so. Similarly, photography was invented by people who had no idea about its chemistry, and farmers crossbred new strains （breeds） of crops and livestock long before biologists understood the principles of genetics. In fact, much of science is an attempt to understand and explain why various technologies work.
Although some forms of technology use scientific knowledge, nearly all science needs technology. Scientists use machines and instruments to collect and analyze data, to perform experiments, and to make complex computations. Scientists would be hard-pressed to get along without such things as paper, pencils, books, test tubes, microscopes, refrigerators, computers, copiers and telephones - all products of technology.
Although at their cores science and technology share similar processes （both are essentially trial and error at heart）, they usually differ in the way the ideas and information they produce are shared. Many of the results of scientific research are published and distributed freely to be tested, challenged, verified, or modified. The process strengthens the validity of scientific knowledge and helps expose cheaters.
In contrast, many technological discoveries are kept secret until the new process or product is patented. Information concerning much valuable technology is never published, but is instead learned "on the job" by industrial workers and passed informally among selected individuals only. The basis of other technology gets published in journals and enjoys the same kind of public distribution and peer review as science.
Notes:
① intangible 無形的；模糊的
② trial and error 反復試驗；不斷摸索
③ willow tree 柳樹
④ crossbreed 使雜交繁殖
16. The word "intangible" in Par. 1 most probably means
［A］ insensible.
［B］ inconceivable.
［C］ immaterial.
［D］ impractical.
17. The advancement of our living generally results from
［A］ sheer technological creations.
［B］ widely approved knowledge.
［C］ constant scientific research.
［D］ pure and applied sciences.
18. It can be inferred from Par.3 that many technologies
［A］ underlie scientific definitions.
［B］ precede scientific principles
［C］ conform to scientific interpretations.
［D］confirm scientific understandings.
19. One of the joint features of science and technology lies in
［A］ their mutual independence.
［B］ their originating processes.
［C］ their strengthened validity.
［D］ their common approaches.
20. Science and technology differ from each other in
［A］ the manner of producing ideas.
［B］ the process of delivering message.
［C］ the way of handling key information.
［D］ the method of publicizing new findings.
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）
Text 4
Technology is the creation of new products and processes intended to improve our working efficiency, our chances for survival, our comfort level, and our quality of life. The goal of science is to develop widely accepted knowledge or ideas, which are intangible; by contrast, technology is concerned primarily with the development of substantial things.
In many cases, technology develops from known scientific laws and theories. Scientists invented the laser, for example, by applying knowledge about the internal structure of atoms. Applied scientific knowledge about chemistry and electronics has given us nylon, pesticides, washing powder, intelligent computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, pollution control devices, and countless other products. Applications of theories in nuclear physics led to nuclear bombs and nuclear power plants.
Many technologies arise by way of trial and error, before anyone understands the underlying scientific principles. For example, aspirin, extracted from the bark of a tropical willow tree, relieved pain and fever long before anyone found out how it did so. Similarly, photography was invented by people who had no idea about its chemistry, and farmers crossbred new strains （breeds） of crops and livestock long before biologists understood the principles of genetics. In fact, much of science is an attempt to understand and explain why various technologies work.
Although some forms of technology use scientific knowledge, nearly all science needs technology. Scientists use machines and instruments to collect and analyze data, to perform experiments, and to make complex computations. Scientists would be hard-pressed to get along without such things as paper, pencils, books, test tubes, microscopes, refrigerators, computers, copiers and telephones - all products of technology.
Although at their cores science and technology share similar processes （both are essentially trial and error at heart）, they usually differ in the way the ideas and information they produce are shared. Many of the results of scientific research are published and distributed freely to be tested, challenged, verified, or modified. The process strengthens the validity of scientific knowledge and helps expose cheaters.
In contrast, many technological discoveries are kept secret until the new process or product is patented. Information concerning much valuable technology is never published, but is instead learned "on the job" by industrial workers and passed informally among selected individuals only. The basis of other technology gets published in journals and enjoys the same kind of public distribution and peer review as science.
Notes:
① intangible 無形的；模糊的
② trial and error 反復試驗；不斷摸索
③ willow tree 柳樹
④ crossbreed 使雜交繁殖
16. The word "intangible" in Par. 1 most probably means
［A］ insensible.
［B］ inconceivable.
［C］ immaterial.
［D］ impractical.
17. The advancement of our living generally results from
［A］ sheer technological creations.
［B］ widely approved knowledge.
［C］ constant scientific research.
［D］ pure and applied sciences.
18. It can be inferred from Par.3 that many technologies
［A］ underlie scientific definitions.
［B］ precede scientific principles
［C］ conform to scientific interpretations.
［D］confirm scientific understandings.
19. One of the joint features of science and technology lies in
［A］ their mutual independence.
［B］ their originating processes.
［C］ their strengthened validity.
［D］ their common approaches.
20. Science and technology differ from each other in
［A］ the manner of producing ideas.
［B］ the process of delivering message.
［C］ the way of handling key information.
［D］ the method of publicizing new findings.