Directions 16
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the picture；
2. interpret the meaning；
3. suggest possible solutions.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
該文的圖畫(huà)畫(huà)了兩個(gè)人望樓興嘆，很明顯該文談的是我國(guó)當(dāng)前的房?jī)r(jià)過(guò)高、房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)如何良性發(fā)展的問(wèn)題。
Sample：
In the picture， two people are talking about a newly built set of apartment buildings. One says， “It is too expensive.” The other goes on to say， “How can we afford it？” It is obvious that the drawer of this picture wants to draw our attention towards our real estate industry.
Nowadays， our real estate industry has experienced such an unprecedented boom that all of us begin to consider it as too hot in one way or another. The average price has been soaring for quite a few years. In some big cities it seems to be out of control—it has been nearly impossible for the common local citizens to afford a satisfactory apartment in the downtown area. Consequently， how to create a healthier and more reasonable property market has been a problem of great importance.
Among all the possible measures， I believe the following ones are the most appropriate. In the first place， the legislators should establish a series of policies so as to curb speculation and thus keep the price of houses at a reasonable level. In the second place， the governments at all levels should make better use of the limited land resources by building theme communities in the suburbs. Last but by no means the least， more economically affordable housing should be built so as to relieve the burden of common citizens.
Only through the joint efforts of all sides can we realize the healthy development of our housing market. Until that time， our people will surely possess their own houses and enjoy a better and more harmonious life.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
該文分為四段來(lái)寫(xiě)。第一段先描寫(xiě)兩個(gè)人的對(duì)話。之后末句引到主題上，即我國(guó)的房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)。
第二段先寫(xiě)當(dāng)前房地產(chǎn)過(guò)熱，而后說(shuō)價(jià)格猛漲。在某些大城市里房?jī)r(jià)似乎失控——人們無(wú)力購(gòu)房。末句寫(xiě)創(chuàng)造健康理性的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)成為了重要問(wèn)題。
第三段分三點(diǎn)來(lái)寫(xiě)應(yīng)采取的措施。
最后一段做結(jié)，第一句承上段說(shuō)只有各方通力合作才能實(shí)現(xiàn)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的健康發(fā)展。第二句說(shuō)到那個(gè)時(shí)候，人們將能擁有自己的房屋并享受更好更和諧的生活。這一句是呼應(yīng)第一段，非常重要。
心得：
文中real estate industry是“房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)”，而property market和housing market指的是房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)。
首段末句是引出主題的句子，請(qǐng)大家用心識(shí)記。
第二段首句是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。第三句有破折號(hào)的用法。第四句中有平行的形容詞比較級(jí)的用法，相當(dāng)精彩。
第三段首句是模板句。第二句中的curb speculation表示“遏制投機(jī)”。第三句中的theme communities表示“主題社區(qū)”。第四句中的economically affordable housing表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房”。
末段首句是倒裝句，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈。第二句有兩處平行結(jié)構(gòu)，先有平行的動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)，后有形容詞比較級(jí)的平行，非常引人注目，特別是后面一對(duì)，一個(gè)是以er結(jié)尾，一個(gè)是加more，顯得錯(cuò)落有致。
Directions 17
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the picture；
2. interpret the meaning；
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
這道題目比較特殊——圖畫(huà)上沒(méi)有對(duì)話，只有一個(gè)忘情彈奏的人，下面有一句極富哲理的話。而提綱中的第二點(diǎn)和第三點(diǎn)分別是闡釋含義和作出評(píng)論，而不是具體的指令，這樣寫(xiě)來(lái)難度更大，自由度也更大。
Sample：
As can be seen from the picture， a person is playing the piano—he is so much immersed in the beautiful music that he seems to forget completely what is going on around him. The Chinese characters below the picture say： Writing is like playing the piano—first you must learn to play by the rules， then you must forget the rules and play from your heart. What significant and thoughtprovoking words they are！
To me， writing is a lifelong endeavor： it is often hard and frustrating at the beginning， but it often becomes enjoyable and fruitful as time goes by. First， you have to learn the fundamental knowledge and acquire the simple skills， just as you must know the keys on a piano before you can really produce a whole piece of music. Afterwards， I believe there should a prolonged period of practice， largely characterized by recitation， analysis and imitation. This is the period when we fully understand and deeply appreciate the beauty and excellence of masterpieces. This is also the period when we apply the particular skills of manipulating words， fabricating sentences and creating paragraphs by imitating great writers directly. Finally， when all of this is done， one day we will suddenly forget all those rules and regulations—like a bird flying freely in the sky， we begin to take on our own styles. We can eventually express our ideas， feelings and emotions smoothly—like beautiful notes， words spring out from our hearts one after another， until they merge into a stream or even a river. At that time， we can be sure to say that we begin to understand what writing is.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
這篇文章寫(xiě)成了兩段而不是三段，是非常特殊的。如果提綱中的第二點(diǎn)和第三點(diǎn)分別是給出原因和解決辦法，就不能這么寫(xiě)。
第一段分別描述了忘情彈奏的人和圖下面的一句話，而后末句用了一個(gè)感嘆句。
第二段是關(guān)鍵段落。首先是總結(jié)性的話語(yǔ)。而后以時(shí)間為線索分三個(gè)階段來(lái)寫(xiě)。第一個(gè)階段只有一句話，用了類(lèi)比法：你得先學(xué)會(huì)寫(xiě)作的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和簡(jiǎn)單技能，就象認(rèn)識(shí)鋼琴上的鍵一樣。第二個(gè)階段有三句話，先說(shuō)這個(gè)階段是以背誦、分析和模仿為特征的一般較長(zhǎng)的練習(xí)時(shí)期。而后兩句話作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，這兩句話是平行的：這是我們能夠完全理解和欣賞經(jīng)典杰作之美的時(shí)期，也是我們通過(guò)直接模仿大作家來(lái)應(yīng)用具體的詞、句、段的技能的時(shí)期。第三個(gè)階段共有三句話。首先說(shuō)當(dāng)所有這些都完成之后，我們有一天會(huì)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己忘記了所有的規(guī)則——就象一只自由飛翔的鳥(niǎo)兒，我們開(kāi)始有了自己的風(fēng)格。而后說(shuō)我們終于能夠自由地表達(dá)思想和情感——就象美妙的樂(lè)章一樣，詞從我們的心中噴涌而出，直到匯成小溪或河流。最后一句說(shuō)，直到那時(shí)，我們知道我們開(kāi)始理解寫(xiě)作了。最后這句結(jié)語(yǔ)舉重若輕，效果卻很強(qiáng)烈，就象米開(kāi)朗基羅彌留之際說(shuō)的自己開(kāi)始懂得一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)繪畫(huà)了一樣，看似平淡，卻非常具有震撼力。
心得：
一般說(shuō)來(lái)，哲理性的文章是相當(dāng)有難度的。本文是一篇以類(lèi)比來(lái)表達(dá)深刻道理的文章，這就需要大家先弄清一對(duì)事物之間的類(lèi)比關(guān)系，體會(huì)其中的妙處，再一步步地深入細(xì)致地進(jìn)行描述，這是不容易的。請(qǐng)大家仔細(xì)研讀范文，必能在這方面有所收獲。
在行文中，不斷地體現(xiàn)開(kāi)始的這種類(lèi)比關(guān)系，能使主題進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。這在第二段的第一個(gè)和第三個(gè)時(shí)期均有明顯的體現(xiàn)。
Direction18
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the picture，
2. list the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization；
3. draw your conclusion.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
由于提綱清晰，這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)易于把握：先描述圖畫(huà)，之后分兩段來(lái)說(shuō)城市化的利與弊，最后下結(jié)論。
Sample：
In the picture， we see a newly emerging community： there are supermarkets， schools， banks and hospitals. A resident tells us， “Eight years ago it was still the countryside.” The history of reform and openingup is the history of rapid economic development； it is also the history of largescale urbanization of our nation.
I firmly believe that the advantages of urbanization are many. First， when more and more people flood into cities， the city is often becoming bigger and bigger and many people move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs. This trend of urban construction is beneficial to future city development as a whole. Second， it provides more development opportunities for big cities. With more and more people coming to the city， urban development is experiencing a new round of leaping forward.
Urbanization may also bring a series of unfavorable consequences. First， the farmland in the country is shrinking. Second， sometimes， the rural land， rivers and air are polluted. When more and more new factories are set up， the surrounding environment is likely to decay. In my mind， it is not necessarily the result. Finally， the young people who still practice farming are becoming fewer and fewer. Some of them go to big cities to pursue a better life. Some of them stay at home， but begin to do business or work in local factories.
All in all， urbanization brings more benefits than problems. The present society is experiencing great changes—what we should be sure is that we strike a balance between economical development and environmental protection.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
在提綱中出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞，是少見(jiàn)的，我們一定要抓住這里的重要信息。這里的urbanization即是文章討論的主題。
文章共分四段。首段在描述圖畫(huà)后做了小結(jié)，巧妙引入本文主題——城市化。第二段與第三段分別談?wù)摮鞘谢睦捅?。第二段列舉了城市化的兩個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。第三段寫(xiě)了城市化的三個(gè)缺點(diǎn)。第四段下結(jié)論——城市化的利大于弊。
心得：
該文結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單，解決了結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題后，我們就應(yīng)該在語(yǔ)言上面多下功夫。
首段末句使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)與分號(hào)引出本文主題——城市化，非常引人注目。次段第一點(diǎn)中的move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs這一詞組是同一動(dòng)詞接不同地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的情形。第二點(diǎn)中的With more and more people coming to the city是介詞引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。第三段第一點(diǎn)中的shrink表示縮減，用在這里很妥當(dāng)。第二點(diǎn)中的decay表示“變壞”。第三點(diǎn)中的pursue表示“追求”。末段的第二句中有破折號(hào)的用法。
Direction 19
Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the table；
2. give possible reasons for the change；
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
年份1999200020012002
我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)人數(shù)（萬(wàn)人）575595681770
我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率（%）3.13.13.64.0
審題：
這是一道圖表題。在考研的大作文中，近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)幾率的是圖畫(huà)題，而圖表題出現(xiàn)的幾率就要小一些。與圖畫(huà)題相似，圖表題的首段總是要描述圖表。按照這篇文章的提綱，第二段應(yīng)寫(xiě)成描寫(xiě)原因的段落。第三點(diǎn)提綱是給出評(píng)論，對(duì)于社會(huì)問(wèn)題類(lèi)的情形，一般寫(xiě)作解決問(wèn)題的辦法。最后可有一段做結(jié)。
Sample：
As can be seen from the table， the number of registered unemployed persons in urban areas of our nation has increased from 5.75 million in 1999 to 7.7 million in 2002. Accordingly， the registered unemployment rate in urban areas has jumped from 3.1 percent to 4 percent during the same period.
In my mind， the reasons why the unemployment rate of our nation has been on the rise are as follows. First of all， under market economy， private factories and foreign companies take the lead in improving efficiency and lowering the cost—in the due process， cutting the number of employees is always a choice. Furthermore， stateowned enterprises also have been undergoing fundamental changes. The traditional mode of high employment， low salary has largely been reformed to keep pace with the economic takeoff. In such a transformation period， some of them fail to meet the needs of the market， and finally go bankrupt， leaving many more people jobless.
To successfully cope with the present problem， several measures should be taken. On the one hand， the government should create more job opportunities by gradually optimizing the industrial structure. On the other hand， the employees should seize every chance to improve personal skills. With higher expertise， they are able to stand up to the challenges of a new job.
Such problems are largely the natural result of the rapid economic development initiated by the reform and openingup policy. When all of us have the courage to face the challenge and the determination to adapt to the change， a sound solution will not be far away.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
本文分為四段。第一段描述圖表非常簡(jiǎn)潔，將頭尾趨勢(shì)描述了出來(lái)，每個(gè)變量的數(shù)據(jù)超過(guò)三個(gè)，所以不必一一描述。
第二段是描述原因的段落，首句是模板句。第一點(diǎn)中的take the lead in improving efficiency and lowering the cost表示“率先提高效率、降低成本”。第二點(diǎn)分三句話，第一句中的stateowned enterprises表示“國(guó)有企業(yè)”，undergo fundamental changes表示“經(jīng)歷了根本的變化”。第二句中的the traditional mode of high employment， low salary表示“高就業(yè)率、低工資的傳統(tǒng)模式”，the economic takeoff表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛”。第三句中的go bankrupt表示“破產(chǎn)”。
心得：
圖表題出現(xiàn)得較少，變化也比圖畫(huà)題少一些。我們應(yīng)首先熟悉圖表中對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)變化的描述，而后對(duì)全文段落的安排做到心中有數(shù)。
Direction 20
Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the table；
2. interpret the trend；
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
指標(biāo)名稱198919972002
每萬(wàn)人口醫(yī)院床位數(shù)（張）22.823.523.2
每萬(wàn)人口醫(yī)生數(shù)（人）15.216.114.7
人均衛(wèi)生總費(fèi)用支出（元）76.7186.4442.5
審題：
審題包括兩個(gè)部分，一個(gè)是讀圖畫(huà)或圖表，一個(gè)是看提綱。成功的審題就是將兩者有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)，確定文章的最終布局。這道題還是屬于圖表題中的表格題，比較特殊。表格中共有三個(gè)變量，應(yīng)該看出來(lái)有一個(gè)變量，即人均衛(wèi)生總費(fèi)用支出是大幅增長(zhǎng)的，而另兩個(gè)變量，即每萬(wàn)人口醫(yī)院床位數(shù)和每萬(wàn)人口醫(yī)生數(shù)，是基本未變的。第一段的工作就是描述這兩個(gè)趨勢(shì)。第二段中闡釋這一趨勢(shì)，就是要重點(diǎn)突出這一對(duì)比。第三段做出評(píng)論，對(duì)于一種不能令人滿意的現(xiàn)狀甚至令人擔(dān)憂的社會(huì)問(wèn)題，大多數(shù)時(shí)候的選擇就是寫(xiě)改進(jìn)或解決問(wèn)題的辦法了。
Sample：
From the table we can see clearly that total medical expenses per capita rose from 76.5 yuan in 1989 to 186.4 yuan in 1997 and then to 442.5 yuan in 2002. In the same period， the number of hospital beds every 10，000 people and the number of doctors every 10，000 people stayed at almost the same level.
This table illustrates clearly the discrepancy between the soaring medical expenses and the unsatisfactory hospital facilities. On the one hand， the money spent on medical care has climbed sharply in the past decade. According to the National Bureau of Statistics， the medical expense has soared to 7.3 percent of the total expenses of urban residents， and 6.0 of that of rural residents in 2003. On the other hand， the limited scale of hospitals cannot meet the needs of our people. It is true that we have more advanced medical instruments， but the numbers of beds and doctors have changed little over the last decade. We all know that timely medical operation is extremely important in many cases， but how can we ensure it without finding a bed first？
To improve the present situation we have a long way to go. In the first place， we have to standardize medical practices， regulate the drug circulation and perfect the medical care system to bring down the medical expenses. In the second place， we should build more firstclass hospitals， expand the scale of present hospitals and turn out more medical talents. If all of these can be accomplished our people will surely receive better medical care and live a happier life.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
本文共分三段。第一段兩句話，第一句話以常見(jiàn)的句型From the table we can see clearly that開(kāi)始，描寫(xiě)了人均衛(wèi)生總費(fèi)用支出逐年攀升的事實(shí)。而第二句以In the same period強(qiáng)勢(shì)開(kāi)頭，描述了其它兩個(gè)變量基本不變（stay at almost the same level）的情形，概括性很強(qiáng)。
第二段首句對(duì)上面的數(shù)字變化進(jìn)行總結(jié)，突出了discrepancy（差異）一詞，一方面是高漲（soar）的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用，另一方面是不能令人滿意的醫(yī)院設(shè)施，而后分兩方面來(lái)說(shuō)。第一方面分兩句話，先說(shuō)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用劇烈攀升。而后舉出國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)字，是醫(yī)療費(fèi)用占城市和農(nóng)村居民支出的百分比，很有說(shuō)服力。如果我們沒(méi)有確鑿的數(shù)據(jù)，就不要這樣寫(xiě)，切忌胡編亂造。另一方面的描述共分三句話，先說(shuō)醫(yī)院有限的規(guī)模無(wú)法滿足人民的需求。第二句相當(dāng)于although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但是語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)一些——我們雖然醫(yī)療器械有所改進(jìn)，但床位數(shù)和醫(yī)生數(shù)無(wú)甚改觀。最后一句話說(shuō)我們都知道及時(shí)的手術(shù)很重要，可如果連床位都沒(méi)有怎能保證手術(shù)呢？
第三段寫(xiě)改進(jìn)的辦法。首句是總括句，說(shuō)我們?nèi)沃氐肋h(yuǎn)，而后分兩方面來(lái)說(shuō)。第一方面是說(shuō)采取措施（規(guī)范醫(yī)療操作、調(diào)控藥品流通和優(yōu)化醫(yī)療保健體系）來(lái)降低醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。第二方面是說(shuō)通過(guò)建立更多的一流醫(yī)院、擴(kuò)充現(xiàn)有醫(yī)院的規(guī)模和培養(yǎng)更多的醫(yī)學(xué)人才來(lái)解決當(dāng)前的矛盾。最后一句是結(jié)語(yǔ)——如果所有這些都能實(shí)現(xiàn)，我們的人民一定能接受更好的醫(yī)療保健，過(guò)上更幸福的生活。
心得：
要想寫(xiě)好一篇文章，首先是審題——對(duì)圖表（圖畫(huà)）和提綱所構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)境的把握一定要準(zhǔn)確。其次是具體到段落，在遣詞造句上一定要考究，要多下功夫。平時(shí)多積累，多寫(xiě)作是很重要的，因?yàn)槟軌虺蔀榭碱}的潛在主題不超過(guò)兩百個(gè)，很多詞、詞組與句型出現(xiàn)的幾率更要高得多，所以平時(shí)的積累和操練至關(guān)重要。
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the picture；
2. interpret the meaning；
3. suggest possible solutions.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
該文的圖畫(huà)畫(huà)了兩個(gè)人望樓興嘆，很明顯該文談的是我國(guó)當(dāng)前的房?jī)r(jià)過(guò)高、房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)如何良性發(fā)展的問(wèn)題。
Sample：
In the picture， two people are talking about a newly built set of apartment buildings. One says， “It is too expensive.” The other goes on to say， “How can we afford it？” It is obvious that the drawer of this picture wants to draw our attention towards our real estate industry.
Nowadays， our real estate industry has experienced such an unprecedented boom that all of us begin to consider it as too hot in one way or another. The average price has been soaring for quite a few years. In some big cities it seems to be out of control—it has been nearly impossible for the common local citizens to afford a satisfactory apartment in the downtown area. Consequently， how to create a healthier and more reasonable property market has been a problem of great importance.
Among all the possible measures， I believe the following ones are the most appropriate. In the first place， the legislators should establish a series of policies so as to curb speculation and thus keep the price of houses at a reasonable level. In the second place， the governments at all levels should make better use of the limited land resources by building theme communities in the suburbs. Last but by no means the least， more economically affordable housing should be built so as to relieve the burden of common citizens.
Only through the joint efforts of all sides can we realize the healthy development of our housing market. Until that time， our people will surely possess their own houses and enjoy a better and more harmonious life.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
該文分為四段來(lái)寫(xiě)。第一段先描寫(xiě)兩個(gè)人的對(duì)話。之后末句引到主題上，即我國(guó)的房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)。
第二段先寫(xiě)當(dāng)前房地產(chǎn)過(guò)熱，而后說(shuō)價(jià)格猛漲。在某些大城市里房?jī)r(jià)似乎失控——人們無(wú)力購(gòu)房。末句寫(xiě)創(chuàng)造健康理性的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)成為了重要問(wèn)題。
第三段分三點(diǎn)來(lái)寫(xiě)應(yīng)采取的措施。
最后一段做結(jié)，第一句承上段說(shuō)只有各方通力合作才能實(shí)現(xiàn)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的健康發(fā)展。第二句說(shuō)到那個(gè)時(shí)候，人們將能擁有自己的房屋并享受更好更和諧的生活。這一句是呼應(yīng)第一段，非常重要。
心得：
文中real estate industry是“房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)”，而property market和housing market指的是房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)。
首段末句是引出主題的句子，請(qǐng)大家用心識(shí)記。
第二段首句是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。第三句有破折號(hào)的用法。第四句中有平行的形容詞比較級(jí)的用法，相當(dāng)精彩。
第三段首句是模板句。第二句中的curb speculation表示“遏制投機(jī)”。第三句中的theme communities表示“主題社區(qū)”。第四句中的economically affordable housing表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房”。
末段首句是倒裝句，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈。第二句有兩處平行結(jié)構(gòu)，先有平行的動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)，后有形容詞比較級(jí)的平行，非常引人注目，特別是后面一對(duì)，一個(gè)是以er結(jié)尾，一個(gè)是加more，顯得錯(cuò)落有致。
Directions 17
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the picture；
2. interpret the meaning；
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
這道題目比較特殊——圖畫(huà)上沒(méi)有對(duì)話，只有一個(gè)忘情彈奏的人，下面有一句極富哲理的話。而提綱中的第二點(diǎn)和第三點(diǎn)分別是闡釋含義和作出評(píng)論，而不是具體的指令，這樣寫(xiě)來(lái)難度更大，自由度也更大。
Sample：
As can be seen from the picture， a person is playing the piano—he is so much immersed in the beautiful music that he seems to forget completely what is going on around him. The Chinese characters below the picture say： Writing is like playing the piano—first you must learn to play by the rules， then you must forget the rules and play from your heart. What significant and thoughtprovoking words they are！
To me， writing is a lifelong endeavor： it is often hard and frustrating at the beginning， but it often becomes enjoyable and fruitful as time goes by. First， you have to learn the fundamental knowledge and acquire the simple skills， just as you must know the keys on a piano before you can really produce a whole piece of music. Afterwards， I believe there should a prolonged period of practice， largely characterized by recitation， analysis and imitation. This is the period when we fully understand and deeply appreciate the beauty and excellence of masterpieces. This is also the period when we apply the particular skills of manipulating words， fabricating sentences and creating paragraphs by imitating great writers directly. Finally， when all of this is done， one day we will suddenly forget all those rules and regulations—like a bird flying freely in the sky， we begin to take on our own styles. We can eventually express our ideas， feelings and emotions smoothly—like beautiful notes， words spring out from our hearts one after another， until they merge into a stream or even a river. At that time， we can be sure to say that we begin to understand what writing is.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
這篇文章寫(xiě)成了兩段而不是三段，是非常特殊的。如果提綱中的第二點(diǎn)和第三點(diǎn)分別是給出原因和解決辦法，就不能這么寫(xiě)。
第一段分別描述了忘情彈奏的人和圖下面的一句話，而后末句用了一個(gè)感嘆句。
第二段是關(guān)鍵段落。首先是總結(jié)性的話語(yǔ)。而后以時(shí)間為線索分三個(gè)階段來(lái)寫(xiě)。第一個(gè)階段只有一句話，用了類(lèi)比法：你得先學(xué)會(huì)寫(xiě)作的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和簡(jiǎn)單技能，就象認(rèn)識(shí)鋼琴上的鍵一樣。第二個(gè)階段有三句話，先說(shuō)這個(gè)階段是以背誦、分析和模仿為特征的一般較長(zhǎng)的練習(xí)時(shí)期。而后兩句話作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，這兩句話是平行的：這是我們能夠完全理解和欣賞經(jīng)典杰作之美的時(shí)期，也是我們通過(guò)直接模仿大作家來(lái)應(yīng)用具體的詞、句、段的技能的時(shí)期。第三個(gè)階段共有三句話。首先說(shuō)當(dāng)所有這些都完成之后，我們有一天會(huì)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己忘記了所有的規(guī)則——就象一只自由飛翔的鳥(niǎo)兒，我們開(kāi)始有了自己的風(fēng)格。而后說(shuō)我們終于能夠自由地表達(dá)思想和情感——就象美妙的樂(lè)章一樣，詞從我們的心中噴涌而出，直到匯成小溪或河流。最后一句說(shuō)，直到那時(shí)，我們知道我們開(kāi)始理解寫(xiě)作了。最后這句結(jié)語(yǔ)舉重若輕，效果卻很強(qiáng)烈，就象米開(kāi)朗基羅彌留之際說(shuō)的自己開(kāi)始懂得一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)繪畫(huà)了一樣，看似平淡，卻非常具有震撼力。
心得：
一般說(shuō)來(lái)，哲理性的文章是相當(dāng)有難度的。本文是一篇以類(lèi)比來(lái)表達(dá)深刻道理的文章，這就需要大家先弄清一對(duì)事物之間的類(lèi)比關(guān)系，體會(huì)其中的妙處，再一步步地深入細(xì)致地進(jìn)行描述，這是不容易的。請(qǐng)大家仔細(xì)研讀范文，必能在這方面有所收獲。
在行文中，不斷地體現(xiàn)開(kāi)始的這種類(lèi)比關(guān)系，能使主題進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。這在第二段的第一個(gè)和第三個(gè)時(shí)期均有明顯的體現(xiàn)。
Direction18
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the picture，
2. list the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization；
3. draw your conclusion.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
由于提綱清晰，這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)易于把握：先描述圖畫(huà)，之后分兩段來(lái)說(shuō)城市化的利與弊，最后下結(jié)論。
Sample：
In the picture， we see a newly emerging community： there are supermarkets， schools， banks and hospitals. A resident tells us， “Eight years ago it was still the countryside.” The history of reform and openingup is the history of rapid economic development； it is also the history of largescale urbanization of our nation.
I firmly believe that the advantages of urbanization are many. First， when more and more people flood into cities， the city is often becoming bigger and bigger and many people move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs. This trend of urban construction is beneficial to future city development as a whole. Second， it provides more development opportunities for big cities. With more and more people coming to the city， urban development is experiencing a new round of leaping forward.
Urbanization may also bring a series of unfavorable consequences. First， the farmland in the country is shrinking. Second， sometimes， the rural land， rivers and air are polluted. When more and more new factories are set up， the surrounding environment is likely to decay. In my mind， it is not necessarily the result. Finally， the young people who still practice farming are becoming fewer and fewer. Some of them go to big cities to pursue a better life. Some of them stay at home， but begin to do business or work in local factories.
All in all， urbanization brings more benefits than problems. The present society is experiencing great changes—what we should be sure is that we strike a balance between economical development and environmental protection.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
在提綱中出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞，是少見(jiàn)的，我們一定要抓住這里的重要信息。這里的urbanization即是文章討論的主題。
文章共分四段。首段在描述圖畫(huà)后做了小結(jié)，巧妙引入本文主題——城市化。第二段與第三段分別談?wù)摮鞘谢睦捅?。第二段列舉了城市化的兩個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。第三段寫(xiě)了城市化的三個(gè)缺點(diǎn)。第四段下結(jié)論——城市化的利大于弊。
心得：
該文結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單，解決了結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題后，我們就應(yīng)該在語(yǔ)言上面多下功夫。
首段末句使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)與分號(hào)引出本文主題——城市化，非常引人注目。次段第一點(diǎn)中的move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs這一詞組是同一動(dòng)詞接不同地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的情形。第二點(diǎn)中的With more and more people coming to the city是介詞引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。第三段第一點(diǎn)中的shrink表示縮減，用在這里很妥當(dāng)。第二點(diǎn)中的decay表示“變壞”。第三點(diǎn)中的pursue表示“追求”。末段的第二句中有破折號(hào)的用法。
Direction 19
Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the table；
2. give possible reasons for the change；
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
年份1999200020012002
我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)人數(shù)（萬(wàn)人）575595681770
我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率（%）3.13.13.64.0
審題：
這是一道圖表題。在考研的大作文中，近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)幾率的是圖畫(huà)題，而圖表題出現(xiàn)的幾率就要小一些。與圖畫(huà)題相似，圖表題的首段總是要描述圖表。按照這篇文章的提綱，第二段應(yīng)寫(xiě)成描寫(xiě)原因的段落。第三點(diǎn)提綱是給出評(píng)論，對(duì)于社會(huì)問(wèn)題類(lèi)的情形，一般寫(xiě)作解決問(wèn)題的辦法。最后可有一段做結(jié)。
Sample：
As can be seen from the table， the number of registered unemployed persons in urban areas of our nation has increased from 5.75 million in 1999 to 7.7 million in 2002. Accordingly， the registered unemployment rate in urban areas has jumped from 3.1 percent to 4 percent during the same period.
In my mind， the reasons why the unemployment rate of our nation has been on the rise are as follows. First of all， under market economy， private factories and foreign companies take the lead in improving efficiency and lowering the cost—in the due process， cutting the number of employees is always a choice. Furthermore， stateowned enterprises also have been undergoing fundamental changes. The traditional mode of high employment， low salary has largely been reformed to keep pace with the economic takeoff. In such a transformation period， some of them fail to meet the needs of the market， and finally go bankrupt， leaving many more people jobless.
To successfully cope with the present problem， several measures should be taken. On the one hand， the government should create more job opportunities by gradually optimizing the industrial structure. On the other hand， the employees should seize every chance to improve personal skills. With higher expertise， they are able to stand up to the challenges of a new job.
Such problems are largely the natural result of the rapid economic development initiated by the reform and openingup policy. When all of us have the courage to face the challenge and the determination to adapt to the change， a sound solution will not be far away.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
本文分為四段。第一段描述圖表非常簡(jiǎn)潔，將頭尾趨勢(shì)描述了出來(lái)，每個(gè)變量的數(shù)據(jù)超過(guò)三個(gè)，所以不必一一描述。
第二段是描述原因的段落，首句是模板句。第一點(diǎn)中的take the lead in improving efficiency and lowering the cost表示“率先提高效率、降低成本”。第二點(diǎn)分三句話，第一句中的stateowned enterprises表示“國(guó)有企業(yè)”，undergo fundamental changes表示“經(jīng)歷了根本的變化”。第二句中的the traditional mode of high employment， low salary表示“高就業(yè)率、低工資的傳統(tǒng)模式”，the economic takeoff表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛”。第三句中的go bankrupt表示“破產(chǎn)”。
心得：
圖表題出現(xiàn)得較少，變化也比圖畫(huà)題少一些。我們應(yīng)首先熟悉圖表中對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)變化的描述，而后對(duì)全文段落的安排做到心中有數(shù)。
Direction 20
Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the table；
2. interpret the trend；
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
指標(biāo)名稱198919972002
每萬(wàn)人口醫(yī)院床位數(shù)（張）22.823.523.2
每萬(wàn)人口醫(yī)生數(shù)（人）15.216.114.7
人均衛(wèi)生總費(fèi)用支出（元）76.7186.4442.5
審題：
審題包括兩個(gè)部分，一個(gè)是讀圖畫(huà)或圖表，一個(gè)是看提綱。成功的審題就是將兩者有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)，確定文章的最終布局。這道題還是屬于圖表題中的表格題，比較特殊。表格中共有三個(gè)變量，應(yīng)該看出來(lái)有一個(gè)變量，即人均衛(wèi)生總費(fèi)用支出是大幅增長(zhǎng)的，而另兩個(gè)變量，即每萬(wàn)人口醫(yī)院床位數(shù)和每萬(wàn)人口醫(yī)生數(shù)，是基本未變的。第一段的工作就是描述這兩個(gè)趨勢(shì)。第二段中闡釋這一趨勢(shì)，就是要重點(diǎn)突出這一對(duì)比。第三段做出評(píng)論，對(duì)于一種不能令人滿意的現(xiàn)狀甚至令人擔(dān)憂的社會(huì)問(wèn)題，大多數(shù)時(shí)候的選擇就是寫(xiě)改進(jìn)或解決問(wèn)題的辦法了。
Sample：
From the table we can see clearly that total medical expenses per capita rose from 76.5 yuan in 1989 to 186.4 yuan in 1997 and then to 442.5 yuan in 2002. In the same period， the number of hospital beds every 10，000 people and the number of doctors every 10，000 people stayed at almost the same level.
This table illustrates clearly the discrepancy between the soaring medical expenses and the unsatisfactory hospital facilities. On the one hand， the money spent on medical care has climbed sharply in the past decade. According to the National Bureau of Statistics， the medical expense has soared to 7.3 percent of the total expenses of urban residents， and 6.0 of that of rural residents in 2003. On the other hand， the limited scale of hospitals cannot meet the needs of our people. It is true that we have more advanced medical instruments， but the numbers of beds and doctors have changed little over the last decade. We all know that timely medical operation is extremely important in many cases， but how can we ensure it without finding a bed first？
To improve the present situation we have a long way to go. In the first place， we have to standardize medical practices， regulate the drug circulation and perfect the medical care system to bring down the medical expenses. In the second place， we should build more firstclass hospitals， expand the scale of present hospitals and turn out more medical talents. If all of these can be accomplished our people will surely receive better medical care and live a happier life.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
本文共分三段。第一段兩句話，第一句話以常見(jiàn)的句型From the table we can see clearly that開(kāi)始，描寫(xiě)了人均衛(wèi)生總費(fèi)用支出逐年攀升的事實(shí)。而第二句以In the same period強(qiáng)勢(shì)開(kāi)頭，描述了其它兩個(gè)變量基本不變（stay at almost the same level）的情形，概括性很強(qiáng)。
第二段首句對(duì)上面的數(shù)字變化進(jìn)行總結(jié)，突出了discrepancy（差異）一詞，一方面是高漲（soar）的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用，另一方面是不能令人滿意的醫(yī)院設(shè)施，而后分兩方面來(lái)說(shuō)。第一方面分兩句話，先說(shuō)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用劇烈攀升。而后舉出國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)字，是醫(yī)療費(fèi)用占城市和農(nóng)村居民支出的百分比，很有說(shuō)服力。如果我們沒(méi)有確鑿的數(shù)據(jù)，就不要這樣寫(xiě)，切忌胡編亂造。另一方面的描述共分三句話，先說(shuō)醫(yī)院有限的規(guī)模無(wú)法滿足人民的需求。第二句相當(dāng)于although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但是語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)一些——我們雖然醫(yī)療器械有所改進(jìn)，但床位數(shù)和醫(yī)生數(shù)無(wú)甚改觀。最后一句話說(shuō)我們都知道及時(shí)的手術(shù)很重要，可如果連床位都沒(méi)有怎能保證手術(shù)呢？
第三段寫(xiě)改進(jìn)的辦法。首句是總括句，說(shuō)我們?nèi)沃氐肋h(yuǎn)，而后分兩方面來(lái)說(shuō)。第一方面是說(shuō)采取措施（規(guī)范醫(yī)療操作、調(diào)控藥品流通和優(yōu)化醫(yī)療保健體系）來(lái)降低醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。第二方面是說(shuō)通過(guò)建立更多的一流醫(yī)院、擴(kuò)充現(xiàn)有醫(yī)院的規(guī)模和培養(yǎng)更多的醫(yī)學(xué)人才來(lái)解決當(dāng)前的矛盾。最后一句是結(jié)語(yǔ)——如果所有這些都能實(shí)現(xiàn)，我們的人民一定能接受更好的醫(yī)療保健，過(guò)上更幸福的生活。
心得：
要想寫(xiě)好一篇文章，首先是審題——對(duì)圖表（圖畫(huà)）和提綱所構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)境的把握一定要準(zhǔn)確。其次是具體到段落，在遣詞造句上一定要考究，要多下功夫。平時(shí)多積累，多寫(xiě)作是很重要的，因?yàn)槟軌虺蔀榭碱}的潛在主題不超過(guò)兩百個(gè)，很多詞、詞組與句型出現(xiàn)的幾率更要高得多，所以平時(shí)的積累和操練至關(guān)重要。