Directions 6
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the two pictures，
2. interpret their meaning， and
3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
在寫(xiě)作中，審題這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)是非常重要的。
在圖畫(huà)作文中，我們不僅要仔細(xì)審視圖畫(huà)，而且還應(yīng)將英文的提綱看清楚。這篇文章配了雙圖，雙圖多是表示對(duì)比關(guān)系，這里是凸顯時(shí)間的先后。提綱包括三個(gè)部分：描寫(xiě)圖畫(huà)、闡釋含義和指出后果，這就決定了我們文章的結(jié)構(gòu)走向。
Sample：
Two pictures above describe a story which we would never wish to encounter. In the first one， a large crowd gathered around a man lying on the ground. One person said， “He seems to be drunk.” Another whispered， “His head and hands seem to be bleeding.” In the second picture， a policeman is asking those who were present， “Why didn‘t send him to hospital？” The first one said， “I was hurrying to work.” The second one said， “I was hurrying to school.”
It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to this most unfavorable social phenomenon. Many people are used to finding all kinds of excuses to shirk their responsibilities of helping those who are in need of help. In their eyes， their own daily businesses are always more important than those of the strangers， even their lives.
This phenomenon will bring a series of harmful consequences. First， when people refuse to take care of the strangers， the danger of accidents will be much higher， because you have only a small group of people to rely on whenever emergency arises. Everyone may come across accidents from time to time， and mutual help will prevent most of them from being destructive. Second， the possibility of attaining a happy life will be much smaller. If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events， the society will be full of selfish people. The social cost of achieving success will remain high before cooperation becomes a habit.
If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life， we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers， for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
這篇文章終寫(xiě)成了四段，結(jié)構(gòu)非常清晰。第一段分別描寫(xiě)了兩副圖畫(huà)，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔流暢。注意這一段不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng)。
第二段是測(cè)度作者的意圖，共三句話，第一句是一個(gè)經(jīng)典句型：It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to…… 這句話直指圖畫(huà)所揭示的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，后面兩句來(lái)具體說(shuō)明：先說(shuō)許多人千方百計(jì)找理由以逃避幫助他人；然后解釋原因，他們認(rèn)為……注意段中句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，這是非常重要的。
第三段寫(xiě)了該現(xiàn)象引起的有害的后果，該段的首句是個(gè)經(jīng)典的模板句，后分兩點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)明。第一點(diǎn)說(shuō)明當(dāng)人們不愿意幫助他人時(shí)，事故所造成的危險(xiǎn)就會(huì)大得多，因?yàn)槟菢拥脑捗總€(gè)人能依靠的人（即親人和朋友）是非常有限的。這一點(diǎn)的第二句話是個(gè)難句，展現(xiàn)了很強(qiáng)的句子內(nèi)部的邏輯，希望大家用心學(xué)習(xí)。這句話的意思是：每個(gè)人都會(huì)遇到事故，而相互幫助可以避免大部分的事故造成毀滅性的后果。到這里，我們可以看出，思想是由語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的，要想深刻地表達(dá)思想，一定要多模仿、多操練。第二點(diǎn)是從更廣闊的角度去考慮問(wèn)題，說(shuō)明獲得幸福生活的可能性減小了。社會(huì)充滿了自私的人們，獲得成功的社會(huì)成本陡增。
末段是結(jié)語(yǔ)——如果我們想要享受幸福的生活，我們應(yīng)向他人（包括陌生人）伸出援手。
第二段的第二句中的shirk ones responsibility表示“逃避責(zé)任”。第三段第二句的emergency表示“緊急情況”。第三句的destructive表示“造成重大損害的”。第五句的in face of表示“面臨”。后一句的cooperation becomes a habit表示“合作成為一種習(xí)慣”。
心得：
1.文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次一定要清楚，這是充分理解提綱與圖畫(huà)構(gòu)成語(yǔ)境的結(jié)果。
2.學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)作主從復(fù)合句，充分理解句子內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系。通過(guò)本文，重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
典型的條件狀語(yǔ)從句：If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events， the society will be full of selfish people.
嵌套原因狀語(yǔ)從句的條件狀語(yǔ)從句：If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life， we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers， for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.
Directions 7
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the two pictures，
2. interpret their meaning， and
3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
提綱包含了三個(gè)部分，這篇文章可以分為四段來(lái)寫(xiě)，其中末段是結(jié)語(yǔ)。真實(shí)寫(xiě)作中前三段可以與提綱有明顯的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，這樣的安排思路清晰，易于把握。
Sample：
In the pictures， we see clearly a person who claims to begin his grand scheme tomorrow. In the first picture， he claims that he will begin tomorrow because he is not yet well prepared today. In the second picture， when tomorrow really comes， he again says he will begin later because he is not feeling well at the moment.
What can we say at seeing such pictures？ We can always find excuses for our mistakes， failures and inaction， but how can we make real progress in our life？ We will never ever grow up if we keep on finding excuses instead of looking directly into the matter， analyzing the situation objectively and taking action as soon as possible.
Delay has a lot of bad consequences. In many cases， we will lose the chance to succeed forever. Time is limited， and so are youth and enthusiasm. When we form a plan， we should always try our best to put it into practice immediately. We should not worry about failure， because we can always learn from it. Only if we keep on trying and never stop， will we make progress and eventually turn our dream into reality.
The important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it. Without action， a great aim will be nothing more than a castle in the air.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
第一段分別描述了兩幅圖畫(huà)，獨(dú)特之處在于首先將兩副圖畫(huà)的共同之處提取出來(lái)——描寫(xiě)一個(gè)人說(shuō)明天就要開(kāi)始宏偉的計(jì)劃，而后分別描述兩副圖畫(huà)的不同之處——這樣做的好處是使段落的條理清晰。
第二段的首句使用了設(shè)問(wèn)句，一下子引起了讀者的興趣，而后自己給出答案——我們總是能為錯(cuò)誤、失敗和無(wú)行動(dòng)找到理由，可是我們又怎能取得進(jìn)步呢？這個(gè)句子中使用了平行的名詞和反問(wèn)句，效果強(qiáng)烈，非常引人注目。該段第三句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，使用instead of強(qiáng)化了對(duì)比關(guān)系——如果一直尋找借口而不是直接查清事實(shí)、客觀分析情況和盡快采取行動(dòng)的話，我們永遠(yuǎn)也無(wú)法成長(zhǎng)。注意句中否定意義的表達(dá)：
We will not grow up if……
We will never grow up if……
We will never ever grow up if……
在上述三種表達(dá)方式中，我們可以看出，后一種不僅語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈，而且極富韻律。
第三段先說(shuō)了拖延的壞處，而后說(shuō)了我們正確的做法。
后一段做結(jié)，共兩句話。第一句是引用了歌德的名言，而第二句是反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)——如果沒(méi)有行動(dòng)，偉大的目標(biāo)就只能是空中樓閣。
心得：
要想寫(xiě)好文章，就要先寫(xiě)好句子，再寫(xiě)好段落。文章大的結(jié)構(gòu)的確定是不難的，關(guān)鍵是寫(xiě)好單個(gè)的句子后再將它們有機(jī)地組成完美流暢的段落。
第三段就是一個(gè)好的例子，這一段分成兩個(gè)部分，各有三句話，有機(jī)地結(jié)合在了一起。第一句先是講拖延有很多壞處，第二句直接解釋第一句——在很多情況下，我們就永遠(yuǎn)失去了成功的機(jī)會(huì)。注意這句話的寫(xiě)法，首先，使用in many cases表示“在很多情況下”，顯得客觀，因?yàn)椴皇撬械那樾尉侨绱?。其次，使用forever表示“永遠(yuǎn)”，加強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)氣，并且恰如其分地指出了人生的悲愴，點(diǎn)出了韶華易逝的真諦。第三句是對(duì)第二句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明——時(shí)間是有限的，青春和激情也是如此（句子的后部使用了倒裝）。第四句筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，說(shuō)明我們一旦有了計(jì)劃，應(yīng)當(dāng)全力以赴立即將其付諸實(shí)踐，注意這里使用了immediately，是反過(guò)來(lái)與該段的第一句話進(jìn)行呼應(yīng)。第五句說(shuō)明我們不該擔(dān)心失敗，因?yàn)槲覀兛偰軓闹袑W(xué)到東西。末句是以only開(kāi)頭的倒裝句，說(shuō)明行動(dòng)和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系，語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)。
Directions 8
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the picture，
2. interpret their meaning， and
3. make your comment.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
這篇文章的提綱與2002真題類似，屬于晦澀的一種，但是經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)分析后，我們將發(fā)現(xiàn)文章結(jié)構(gòu)并不難把握，一種好的選擇是——第一段描述圖畫(huà)，第二段對(duì)繪畫(huà)者的意圖進(jìn)行推測(cè)，第三段對(duì)第二段做進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，第四段下結(jié)論。
這里面至關(guān)重要的是第二段與第三段的關(guān)系。通常的情況是前一段就事論事或泛泛而論，后一段進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)、提煉升華。
Sample：
This picture sets me thinking for a long time. The parents themselves are playing mahjong， but they are telling their little child loudly： “Work hard. Don‘t let us down.”
The drawer reminds us of a common social phenomenon. Nowadays， more and more parents wish children to study hard in order to embrace a brilliant future， but many of them do not know how to turn this dream into reality. We come across many parents who ask their children to attend all kinds of training classes， but is it that important in the making of a good student and later a successful person？
What is really important， according to the drawer， should be something else. That is the environment created by the parents and felt by the child. How can a child grow up into a scientist who loves research when the noise of playing mahjong is always there？ Actions always speak louder than words. If parents turn off TV and family cinema， stop all noisy games and get down to reading quietly， the positive impact on the child will be considerable. In the years to come， the child will gradually learn concentration， which is an essential part of the learning process.
Across the nation， parents are investing more and more money on the education of their child. If they have a closer look on the learning process， they will know what is important is often how they behave， not how much money they spend.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
首段的描述非常簡(jiǎn)潔，與眾不同的是第一句話——這兩副畫(huà)讓我思忖良久。
第二段的首句是一個(gè)常用的模板句，非常有效。第二句話說(shuō)許多家長(zhǎng)望子成龍，卻不知如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)期望。而后舉了一個(gè)例子，許多家長(zhǎng)讓孩子參加這樣那樣的培訓(xùn)班，但是這在孩子成材的過(guò)程中就那么重要嗎？
第三段是文章的關(guān)鍵段落。該段首句是過(guò)渡句，引出了下面的關(guān)鍵句子——重要的是環(huán)境，是父母創(chuàng)造孩子感知的環(huán)境。而后使用反問(wèn)句——當(dāng)一直有麻將聲時(shí)，一個(gè)孩子怎樣能成長(zhǎng)為熱愛(ài)研究的科學(xué)家呢？而后使用諺語(yǔ)——行勝于言。如果父母關(guān)掉電視，開(kāi)始讀書(shū)，對(duì)孩子的正面影響將是巨大的。后說(shuō)在以后的數(shù)年中，孩子將會(huì)逐漸學(xué)會(huì)集中精力。
后一段做結(jié)，分兩句。第一句寫(xiě)父母大量投資在孩子的教育上面。第二句表示遞進(jìn)，如果父母仔細(xì)審視學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程，那么他們將知道，重要的是他們的行為，而不是投入的錢。
心得：
句子中的好的用法一定要日積月累，這很重要。第三段的首句中有插入語(yǔ)的用法。第二句有名詞由兩個(gè)平行的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)修飾的用法。第三句中的when the noise of playing mahjong is always there是個(gè)精彩用法，表示“一直有噪音”，如果說(shuō)沒(méi)有噪音，可以說(shuō)when the noise is down.第四句是個(gè)諺語(yǔ)，需要平時(shí)積累，注意使用時(shí)務(wù)求準(zhǔn)確。第五句在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，有平行的動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)。本段后一句中in the years to come是個(gè)好詞組，表示“在將要到來(lái)的數(shù)年中”，之后有非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。
Directions 9
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the picture，
2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon， and
3. give possible solutions.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
這篇文章的提綱是圖畫(huà)作文另一種非常典型的提綱，在描述圖畫(huà)后分別給出該現(xiàn)象（或問(wèn)題）的原因及其解決辦法。這里在提綱中雖沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)interpret the meaning（闡釋含義）的字樣，實(shí)際上這個(gè)步驟是不可少的，但可以做得極為簡(jiǎn)潔。
Sample：
In this picture we are surprised to see a group of fat children who want to lose weight at a dieting center. We can‘t help asking such a question： why are there so many overweighted young children in present society？
In my belief， many reasons contribute to this undesirable result， but three of them play the dominant role. In the first place， with the development of national economy， people‘s living level becomes higher and higher. Grandparents and parents devote all their love to the young children， who consequently often take in much more nutrition than necessary. In the second place， more and more young boys and girls are even addicted to foreign snacks， which contain too much fat and thus do great harm to the heart and the vessels. Last but by no means the least， pressure from teachers， parents and the whole society often leaves little time for small children to take part in physical exercises.
To solve this worrying problem， all of us should take immediate and effective measures. First， a balanced and healthy diet is often the most important factor in the making of a strong body. In this aspect， teachers and parents should do their jobs. Second， exercises should become part of their daily life—once children get used to sports， they will find it not only beneficial but also interesting.
All of us have realized the children are the future of our nation， and we should also realize that healthy minds always dwell in healthy bodies. To fulfill this goal， all of us should work hard.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
該文章仍然是四個(gè)段落。第一段非常引人注目，只用了一句話便完成了對(duì)圖畫(huà)的描寫(xiě)，還加入了表達(dá)作者心情的部分（be surprised to see）。段落中的第二句話非常關(guān)鍵，是將圖畫(huà)總結(jié)為一個(gè)大家都該來(lái)關(guān)注的社會(huì)問(wèn)題——兒童的肥胖問(wèn)題。第二句話的作用相當(dāng)于對(duì)畫(huà)圖人意圖的測(cè)度，只不過(guò)由于提綱的要求，這里沒(méi)有單獨(dú)成段，而是放到了第一段。
第二段與第三段嚴(yán)格按照提綱來(lái)寫(xiě)，分別寫(xiě)原因和解決辦法，段落的首句都是非常精彩的模板句。第二段首句的寫(xiě)法請(qǐng)大家用心揣摩——既顯得全面（句子的前半部分），又不失重點(diǎn)（句子的后半部分）。該段之后分為三點(diǎn)來(lái)寫(xiě)，第一點(diǎn)兩句話由淺入深，脈絡(luò)清晰。先寫(xiě)隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人民生活水平提高了——這句話是常常用到的經(jīng)典句子，大家應(yīng)熟練掌握。然后寫(xiě)祖父母和父母將愛(ài)都傾注在孩子們身上，導(dǎo)致孩子們常常營(yíng)養(yǎng)過(guò)剩。該句中大家應(yīng)首先掌握非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的寫(xiě)法，該從句的拓展性非常好，能避免連寫(xiě)句（runon sentence）這樣的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤。之后大家應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)詞組devote……to……和more than necessary的用法。第二點(diǎn)講越來(lái)越多的孩子沉溺于洋快餐。注意句中be addicted to和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。句中有一個(gè)難詞thus（副詞），這里表示結(jié)果。第三點(diǎn)講述了孩子缺乏鍛煉的原因——該句使用了特殊的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，有助于我們拓展思路，注意學(xué)習(xí)leave little/no time for someone to do something的結(jié)構(gòu)。
第三段分兩點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)解決問(wèn)題的辦法。第一點(diǎn)說(shuō)平衡健康的飲食是至關(guān)重要的，這句話中的making是個(gè)閃光點(diǎn)，表示“造就……的過(guò)程”。后面一句中的do ones jobs等于take on ones responsibility.第二點(diǎn)中使用了破折號(hào)，后面是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，注意get used to（習(xí)慣于）和not only……but also……的用法。句子中出現(xiàn)了part的用法，注意這里不能加冠詞，否則不僅不能加分，還要扣分。再舉一例，大家細(xì)細(xì)體會(huì)：
Learn the phrase by heart until it becomes part of you.
這是表達(dá)效果很強(qiáng)的用法，文中的句子表示體育鍛煉應(yīng)成為他們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠?，意思是成為了一種習(xí)慣。上面這句話表示將該詞組熟記以至于永遠(yuǎn)熟練掌握。
后一段使用了強(qiáng)勢(shì)的推導(dǎo)方式，先找到對(duì)方（讀者）認(rèn)同的基本觀點(diǎn)（孩子是國(guó)家的未來(lái)），而后推導(dǎo)出文中的重要觀點(diǎn)（健康的心靈存在于健康的體魄）。第二句將目的狀語(yǔ)放在句首，我們要做的工作放在后面，非常簡(jiǎn)潔。
心得：
對(duì)提綱的把握非常關(guān)鍵，我們應(yīng)該做到看到提綱后立即對(duì)文章全文的構(gòu)造有個(gè)全面的想法。
末段呼應(yīng)前文的方式多種多樣，不一定是嚴(yán)格地將文章中所述的思想再簡(jiǎn)單地重復(fù)一遍。
對(duì)于文章中的詞組和句型，好的學(xué)習(xí)方法是將它們摘錄下來(lái)，反復(fù)地進(jìn)行多感官操練（眼、耳、口、手、心并用），這樣我們的學(xué)習(xí)效率就能大大提高了。
Directions 10
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the pictures，
2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon， and
3. give possible solutions.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)很清晰，可分為三段來(lái)寫(xiě)，分別是描述圖畫(huà)、說(shuō)明原因和給出解決辦法。
Sample：
In the first picture， a beggar says， “Have pity on me，please. I am old. I am blind.” In the second picture， he is eating to his heart‘s content in a big restaurant. He tells the waiter， “Another fish， please.” We can say he is in fact a man with bright eyes.
These two pictures remind us of such a group of people who don‘t want to work to earn a living. Instead， they disguise themselves as beggars to make easy money. The reason for this phenomenon is rather obvious. In such a society full of competitions， some people do not want to use their own hands to make a fortune. They also can not bear a poor life， so they make such a shameful choice.
To solve this problem， the government and the common people should join their hands. On the one hand， the government should issue policies to take care of those people who are really in need of help. Those fake beggars should be educated and punished in order that they give up begging and live a decent life. On the other hand， common citizens should also extend helping hands. They should report such madeup beggars to the police as soon as possible. If they can help such people learn skills， find jobs and live a normal life， it should be much better.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
首段描述了兩幅圖畫(huà)。
次段的前兩句對(duì)圖畫(huà)所描述的群體做了總結(jié)——第一句話同時(shí)使用了remind……of……和who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，是個(gè)很好的模板句。第二句話以instead開(kāi)頭，凸顯了對(duì)比。此句中有disguise oneself as（偽裝為）和make easy money（輕松賺錢）兩個(gè)詞組，大家注意識(shí)記。之后對(duì)該現(xiàn)象做出了解釋。
第三段給出了解決辦法，從政府和公民兩方面來(lái)說(shuō)（段首的模板句清晰地表明了這一點(diǎn)），非常有條理。
心得：
首段的描述中要將兩幅圖畫(huà)的對(duì)比描述出來(lái)。次段的圖畫(huà)總結(jié)和原因闡述采用了幾乎相同的推導(dǎo)方式（不想工作——偽裝騙錢；不想用辛勤勞動(dòng)致富——做出了可恥的選擇），看來(lái)有呼應(yīng)之感覺(jué)。末段結(jié)構(gòu)的層次感是由模板句奠定下來(lái)的，讀來(lái)輕松流暢。
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the two pictures，
2. interpret their meaning， and
3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
在寫(xiě)作中，審題這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)是非常重要的。
在圖畫(huà)作文中，我們不僅要仔細(xì)審視圖畫(huà)，而且還應(yīng)將英文的提綱看清楚。這篇文章配了雙圖，雙圖多是表示對(duì)比關(guān)系，這里是凸顯時(shí)間的先后。提綱包括三個(gè)部分：描寫(xiě)圖畫(huà)、闡釋含義和指出后果，這就決定了我們文章的結(jié)構(gòu)走向。
Sample：
Two pictures above describe a story which we would never wish to encounter. In the first one， a large crowd gathered around a man lying on the ground. One person said， “He seems to be drunk.” Another whispered， “His head and hands seem to be bleeding.” In the second picture， a policeman is asking those who were present， “Why didn‘t send him to hospital？” The first one said， “I was hurrying to work.” The second one said， “I was hurrying to school.”
It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to this most unfavorable social phenomenon. Many people are used to finding all kinds of excuses to shirk their responsibilities of helping those who are in need of help. In their eyes， their own daily businesses are always more important than those of the strangers， even their lives.
This phenomenon will bring a series of harmful consequences. First， when people refuse to take care of the strangers， the danger of accidents will be much higher， because you have only a small group of people to rely on whenever emergency arises. Everyone may come across accidents from time to time， and mutual help will prevent most of them from being destructive. Second， the possibility of attaining a happy life will be much smaller. If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events， the society will be full of selfish people. The social cost of achieving success will remain high before cooperation becomes a habit.
If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life， we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers， for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
這篇文章終寫(xiě)成了四段，結(jié)構(gòu)非常清晰。第一段分別描寫(xiě)了兩副圖畫(huà)，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔流暢。注意這一段不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng)。
第二段是測(cè)度作者的意圖，共三句話，第一句是一個(gè)經(jīng)典句型：It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to…… 這句話直指圖畫(huà)所揭示的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，后面兩句來(lái)具體說(shuō)明：先說(shuō)許多人千方百計(jì)找理由以逃避幫助他人；然后解釋原因，他們認(rèn)為……注意段中句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，這是非常重要的。
第三段寫(xiě)了該現(xiàn)象引起的有害的后果，該段的首句是個(gè)經(jīng)典的模板句，后分兩點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)明。第一點(diǎn)說(shuō)明當(dāng)人們不愿意幫助他人時(shí)，事故所造成的危險(xiǎn)就會(huì)大得多，因?yàn)槟菢拥脑捗總€(gè)人能依靠的人（即親人和朋友）是非常有限的。這一點(diǎn)的第二句話是個(gè)難句，展現(xiàn)了很強(qiáng)的句子內(nèi)部的邏輯，希望大家用心學(xué)習(xí)。這句話的意思是：每個(gè)人都會(huì)遇到事故，而相互幫助可以避免大部分的事故造成毀滅性的后果。到這里，我們可以看出，思想是由語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的，要想深刻地表達(dá)思想，一定要多模仿、多操練。第二點(diǎn)是從更廣闊的角度去考慮問(wèn)題，說(shuō)明獲得幸福生活的可能性減小了。社會(huì)充滿了自私的人們，獲得成功的社會(huì)成本陡增。
末段是結(jié)語(yǔ)——如果我們想要享受幸福的生活，我們應(yīng)向他人（包括陌生人）伸出援手。
第二段的第二句中的shirk ones responsibility表示“逃避責(zé)任”。第三段第二句的emergency表示“緊急情況”。第三句的destructive表示“造成重大損害的”。第五句的in face of表示“面臨”。后一句的cooperation becomes a habit表示“合作成為一種習(xí)慣”。
心得：
1.文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次一定要清楚，這是充分理解提綱與圖畫(huà)構(gòu)成語(yǔ)境的結(jié)果。
2.學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)作主從復(fù)合句，充分理解句子內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系。通過(guò)本文，重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
典型的條件狀語(yǔ)從句：If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events， the society will be full of selfish people.
嵌套原因狀語(yǔ)從句的條件狀語(yǔ)從句：If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life， we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers， for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.
Directions 7
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the two pictures，
2. interpret their meaning， and
3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
提綱包含了三個(gè)部分，這篇文章可以分為四段來(lái)寫(xiě)，其中末段是結(jié)語(yǔ)。真實(shí)寫(xiě)作中前三段可以與提綱有明顯的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，這樣的安排思路清晰，易于把握。
Sample：
In the pictures， we see clearly a person who claims to begin his grand scheme tomorrow. In the first picture， he claims that he will begin tomorrow because he is not yet well prepared today. In the second picture， when tomorrow really comes， he again says he will begin later because he is not feeling well at the moment.
What can we say at seeing such pictures？ We can always find excuses for our mistakes， failures and inaction， but how can we make real progress in our life？ We will never ever grow up if we keep on finding excuses instead of looking directly into the matter， analyzing the situation objectively and taking action as soon as possible.
Delay has a lot of bad consequences. In many cases， we will lose the chance to succeed forever. Time is limited， and so are youth and enthusiasm. When we form a plan， we should always try our best to put it into practice immediately. We should not worry about failure， because we can always learn from it. Only if we keep on trying and never stop， will we make progress and eventually turn our dream into reality.
The important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it. Without action， a great aim will be nothing more than a castle in the air.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
第一段分別描述了兩幅圖畫(huà)，獨(dú)特之處在于首先將兩副圖畫(huà)的共同之處提取出來(lái)——描寫(xiě)一個(gè)人說(shuō)明天就要開(kāi)始宏偉的計(jì)劃，而后分別描述兩副圖畫(huà)的不同之處——這樣做的好處是使段落的條理清晰。
第二段的首句使用了設(shè)問(wèn)句，一下子引起了讀者的興趣，而后自己給出答案——我們總是能為錯(cuò)誤、失敗和無(wú)行動(dòng)找到理由，可是我們又怎能取得進(jìn)步呢？這個(gè)句子中使用了平行的名詞和反問(wèn)句，效果強(qiáng)烈，非常引人注目。該段第三句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，使用instead of強(qiáng)化了對(duì)比關(guān)系——如果一直尋找借口而不是直接查清事實(shí)、客觀分析情況和盡快采取行動(dòng)的話，我們永遠(yuǎn)也無(wú)法成長(zhǎng)。注意句中否定意義的表達(dá)：
We will not grow up if……
We will never grow up if……
We will never ever grow up if……
在上述三種表達(dá)方式中，我們可以看出，后一種不僅語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈，而且極富韻律。
第三段先說(shuō)了拖延的壞處，而后說(shuō)了我們正確的做法。
后一段做結(jié)，共兩句話。第一句是引用了歌德的名言，而第二句是反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)——如果沒(méi)有行動(dòng)，偉大的目標(biāo)就只能是空中樓閣。
心得：
要想寫(xiě)好文章，就要先寫(xiě)好句子，再寫(xiě)好段落。文章大的結(jié)構(gòu)的確定是不難的，關(guān)鍵是寫(xiě)好單個(gè)的句子后再將它們有機(jī)地組成完美流暢的段落。
第三段就是一個(gè)好的例子，這一段分成兩個(gè)部分，各有三句話，有機(jī)地結(jié)合在了一起。第一句先是講拖延有很多壞處，第二句直接解釋第一句——在很多情況下，我們就永遠(yuǎn)失去了成功的機(jī)會(huì)。注意這句話的寫(xiě)法，首先，使用in many cases表示“在很多情況下”，顯得客觀，因?yàn)椴皇撬械那樾尉侨绱?。其次，使用forever表示“永遠(yuǎn)”，加強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)氣，并且恰如其分地指出了人生的悲愴，點(diǎn)出了韶華易逝的真諦。第三句是對(duì)第二句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明——時(shí)間是有限的，青春和激情也是如此（句子的后部使用了倒裝）。第四句筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，說(shuō)明我們一旦有了計(jì)劃，應(yīng)當(dāng)全力以赴立即將其付諸實(shí)踐，注意這里使用了immediately，是反過(guò)來(lái)與該段的第一句話進(jìn)行呼應(yīng)。第五句說(shuō)明我們不該擔(dān)心失敗，因?yàn)槲覀兛偰軓闹袑W(xué)到東西。末句是以only開(kāi)頭的倒裝句，說(shuō)明行動(dòng)和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系，語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)。
Directions 8
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the picture，
2. interpret their meaning， and
3. make your comment.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
這篇文章的提綱與2002真題類似，屬于晦澀的一種，但是經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)分析后，我們將發(fā)現(xiàn)文章結(jié)構(gòu)并不難把握，一種好的選擇是——第一段描述圖畫(huà)，第二段對(duì)繪畫(huà)者的意圖進(jìn)行推測(cè)，第三段對(duì)第二段做進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，第四段下結(jié)論。
這里面至關(guān)重要的是第二段與第三段的關(guān)系。通常的情況是前一段就事論事或泛泛而論，后一段進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)、提煉升華。
Sample：
This picture sets me thinking for a long time. The parents themselves are playing mahjong， but they are telling their little child loudly： “Work hard. Don‘t let us down.”
The drawer reminds us of a common social phenomenon. Nowadays， more and more parents wish children to study hard in order to embrace a brilliant future， but many of them do not know how to turn this dream into reality. We come across many parents who ask their children to attend all kinds of training classes， but is it that important in the making of a good student and later a successful person？
What is really important， according to the drawer， should be something else. That is the environment created by the parents and felt by the child. How can a child grow up into a scientist who loves research when the noise of playing mahjong is always there？ Actions always speak louder than words. If parents turn off TV and family cinema， stop all noisy games and get down to reading quietly， the positive impact on the child will be considerable. In the years to come， the child will gradually learn concentration， which is an essential part of the learning process.
Across the nation， parents are investing more and more money on the education of their child. If they have a closer look on the learning process， they will know what is important is often how they behave， not how much money they spend.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
首段的描述非常簡(jiǎn)潔，與眾不同的是第一句話——這兩副畫(huà)讓我思忖良久。
第二段的首句是一個(gè)常用的模板句，非常有效。第二句話說(shuō)許多家長(zhǎng)望子成龍，卻不知如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)期望。而后舉了一個(gè)例子，許多家長(zhǎng)讓孩子參加這樣那樣的培訓(xùn)班，但是這在孩子成材的過(guò)程中就那么重要嗎？
第三段是文章的關(guān)鍵段落。該段首句是過(guò)渡句，引出了下面的關(guān)鍵句子——重要的是環(huán)境，是父母創(chuàng)造孩子感知的環(huán)境。而后使用反問(wèn)句——當(dāng)一直有麻將聲時(shí)，一個(gè)孩子怎樣能成長(zhǎng)為熱愛(ài)研究的科學(xué)家呢？而后使用諺語(yǔ)——行勝于言。如果父母關(guān)掉電視，開(kāi)始讀書(shū)，對(duì)孩子的正面影響將是巨大的。后說(shuō)在以后的數(shù)年中，孩子將會(huì)逐漸學(xué)會(huì)集中精力。
后一段做結(jié)，分兩句。第一句寫(xiě)父母大量投資在孩子的教育上面。第二句表示遞進(jìn)，如果父母仔細(xì)審視學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程，那么他們將知道，重要的是他們的行為，而不是投入的錢。
心得：
句子中的好的用法一定要日積月累，這很重要。第三段的首句中有插入語(yǔ)的用法。第二句有名詞由兩個(gè)平行的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)修飾的用法。第三句中的when the noise of playing mahjong is always there是個(gè)精彩用法，表示“一直有噪音”，如果說(shuō)沒(méi)有噪音，可以說(shuō)when the noise is down.第四句是個(gè)諺語(yǔ)，需要平時(shí)積累，注意使用時(shí)務(wù)求準(zhǔn)確。第五句在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，有平行的動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)。本段后一句中in the years to come是個(gè)好詞組，表示“在將要到來(lái)的數(shù)年中”，之后有非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。
Directions 9
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the picture，
2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon， and
3. give possible solutions.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
這篇文章的提綱是圖畫(huà)作文另一種非常典型的提綱，在描述圖畫(huà)后分別給出該現(xiàn)象（或問(wèn)題）的原因及其解決辦法。這里在提綱中雖沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)interpret the meaning（闡釋含義）的字樣，實(shí)際上這個(gè)步驟是不可少的，但可以做得極為簡(jiǎn)潔。
Sample：
In this picture we are surprised to see a group of fat children who want to lose weight at a dieting center. We can‘t help asking such a question： why are there so many overweighted young children in present society？
In my belief， many reasons contribute to this undesirable result， but three of them play the dominant role. In the first place， with the development of national economy， people‘s living level becomes higher and higher. Grandparents and parents devote all their love to the young children， who consequently often take in much more nutrition than necessary. In the second place， more and more young boys and girls are even addicted to foreign snacks， which contain too much fat and thus do great harm to the heart and the vessels. Last but by no means the least， pressure from teachers， parents and the whole society often leaves little time for small children to take part in physical exercises.
To solve this worrying problem， all of us should take immediate and effective measures. First， a balanced and healthy diet is often the most important factor in the making of a strong body. In this aspect， teachers and parents should do their jobs. Second， exercises should become part of their daily life—once children get used to sports， they will find it not only beneficial but also interesting.
All of us have realized the children are the future of our nation， and we should also realize that healthy minds always dwell in healthy bodies. To fulfill this goal， all of us should work hard.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
該文章仍然是四個(gè)段落。第一段非常引人注目，只用了一句話便完成了對(duì)圖畫(huà)的描寫(xiě)，還加入了表達(dá)作者心情的部分（be surprised to see）。段落中的第二句話非常關(guān)鍵，是將圖畫(huà)總結(jié)為一個(gè)大家都該來(lái)關(guān)注的社會(huì)問(wèn)題——兒童的肥胖問(wèn)題。第二句話的作用相當(dāng)于對(duì)畫(huà)圖人意圖的測(cè)度，只不過(guò)由于提綱的要求，這里沒(méi)有單獨(dú)成段，而是放到了第一段。
第二段與第三段嚴(yán)格按照提綱來(lái)寫(xiě)，分別寫(xiě)原因和解決辦法，段落的首句都是非常精彩的模板句。第二段首句的寫(xiě)法請(qǐng)大家用心揣摩——既顯得全面（句子的前半部分），又不失重點(diǎn)（句子的后半部分）。該段之后分為三點(diǎn)來(lái)寫(xiě)，第一點(diǎn)兩句話由淺入深，脈絡(luò)清晰。先寫(xiě)隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人民生活水平提高了——這句話是常常用到的經(jīng)典句子，大家應(yīng)熟練掌握。然后寫(xiě)祖父母和父母將愛(ài)都傾注在孩子們身上，導(dǎo)致孩子們常常營(yíng)養(yǎng)過(guò)剩。該句中大家應(yīng)首先掌握非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的寫(xiě)法，該從句的拓展性非常好，能避免連寫(xiě)句（runon sentence）這樣的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤。之后大家應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)詞組devote……to……和more than necessary的用法。第二點(diǎn)講越來(lái)越多的孩子沉溺于洋快餐。注意句中be addicted to和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。句中有一個(gè)難詞thus（副詞），這里表示結(jié)果。第三點(diǎn)講述了孩子缺乏鍛煉的原因——該句使用了特殊的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，有助于我們拓展思路，注意學(xué)習(xí)leave little/no time for someone to do something的結(jié)構(gòu)。
第三段分兩點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)解決問(wèn)題的辦法。第一點(diǎn)說(shuō)平衡健康的飲食是至關(guān)重要的，這句話中的making是個(gè)閃光點(diǎn)，表示“造就……的過(guò)程”。后面一句中的do ones jobs等于take on ones responsibility.第二點(diǎn)中使用了破折號(hào)，后面是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，注意get used to（習(xí)慣于）和not only……but also……的用法。句子中出現(xiàn)了part的用法，注意這里不能加冠詞，否則不僅不能加分，還要扣分。再舉一例，大家細(xì)細(xì)體會(huì)：
Learn the phrase by heart until it becomes part of you.
這是表達(dá)效果很強(qiáng)的用法，文中的句子表示體育鍛煉應(yīng)成為他們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠?，意思是成為了一種習(xí)慣。上面這句話表示將該詞組熟記以至于永遠(yuǎn)熟練掌握。
后一段使用了強(qiáng)勢(shì)的推導(dǎo)方式，先找到對(duì)方（讀者）認(rèn)同的基本觀點(diǎn)（孩子是國(guó)家的未來(lái)），而后推導(dǎo)出文中的重要觀點(diǎn)（健康的心靈存在于健康的體魄）。第二句將目的狀語(yǔ)放在句首，我們要做的工作放在后面，非常簡(jiǎn)潔。
心得：
對(duì)提綱的把握非常關(guān)鍵，我們應(yīng)該做到看到提綱后立即對(duì)文章全文的構(gòu)造有個(gè)全面的想法。
末段呼應(yīng)前文的方式多種多樣，不一定是嚴(yán)格地將文章中所述的思想再簡(jiǎn)單地重復(fù)一遍。
對(duì)于文章中的詞組和句型，好的學(xué)習(xí)方法是將它們摘錄下來(lái)，反復(fù)地進(jìn)行多感官操練（眼、耳、口、手、心并用），這樣我們的學(xué)習(xí)效率就能大大提高了。
Directions 10
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should：
1. describe the pictures，
2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon， and
3. give possible solutions.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)很清晰，可分為三段來(lái)寫(xiě)，分別是描述圖畫(huà)、說(shuō)明原因和給出解決辦法。
Sample：
In the first picture， a beggar says， “Have pity on me，please. I am old. I am blind.” In the second picture， he is eating to his heart‘s content in a big restaurant. He tells the waiter， “Another fish， please.” We can say he is in fact a man with bright eyes.
These two pictures remind us of such a group of people who don‘t want to work to earn a living. Instead， they disguise themselves as beggars to make easy money. The reason for this phenomenon is rather obvious. In such a society full of competitions， some people do not want to use their own hands to make a fortune. They also can not bear a poor life， so they make such a shameful choice.
To solve this problem， the government and the common people should join their hands. On the one hand， the government should issue policies to take care of those people who are really in need of help. Those fake beggars should be educated and punished in order that they give up begging and live a decent life. On the other hand， common citizens should also extend helping hands. They should report such madeup beggars to the police as soon as possible. If they can help such people learn skills， find jobs and live a normal life， it should be much better.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
首段描述了兩幅圖畫(huà)。
次段的前兩句對(duì)圖畫(huà)所描述的群體做了總結(jié)——第一句話同時(shí)使用了remind……of……和who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，是個(gè)很好的模板句。第二句話以instead開(kāi)頭，凸顯了對(duì)比。此句中有disguise oneself as（偽裝為）和make easy money（輕松賺錢）兩個(gè)詞組，大家注意識(shí)記。之后對(duì)該現(xiàn)象做出了解釋。
第三段給出了解決辦法，從政府和公民兩方面來(lái)說(shuō)（段首的模板句清晰地表明了這一點(diǎn)），非常有條理。
心得：
首段的描述中要將兩幅圖畫(huà)的對(duì)比描述出來(lái)。次段的圖畫(huà)總結(jié)和原因闡述采用了幾乎相同的推導(dǎo)方式（不想工作——偽裝騙錢；不想用辛勤勞動(dòng)致富——做出了可恥的選擇），看來(lái)有呼應(yīng)之感覺(jué)。末段結(jié)構(gòu)的層次感是由模板句奠定下來(lái)的，讀來(lái)輕松流暢。