47.The natural time sense.
47、天賦的時(shí)間感、
1. One of the most amazing of living things, the honeybee, has recently been shown to possess still another remarkable skill. It has a built-in alarm clock that goes off exactly every 24 hours.
1、生物中最令人驚奇的東西之一是蜜蜂，在最近的研究里它又顯示出它持有的另一種非凡本領(lǐng)。蜜蜂身體里有一個(gè)天生的“鬧鐘”，它準(zhǔn)確地每24小時(shí)循環(huán)一次。
2. Scientists have long known that bees carry a sort of wrist watch inside their bodies. They will return to the same spot, day after day, right to the minute, to feed on sugar-water left for them. To find out how the bees manage to tell time, an unusual experiment was carried out four years ago. Two young German biologists in Paris trained bees to come out for sugar-water every day at exactly 8:15 p.m. The scientists then set out to baffle the bees. When it is 8:15 p.m. in Paris, New York City's Eastern Day-light Saving time is only 3:15 p.m. If the hive were flown to New York between feedings, which time would the bees follow-Paris’ or New York's?
2、科學(xué)家早已知道，蜜蜂在它的身體里帶著某種手表。蜜蜂能夠日復(fù)一日，精確到同一分鐘，返回同一地點(diǎn)去吃為它們準(zhǔn)備的糖漿。為了研究蜜蜂如何辨別時(shí)間，四年前進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)不尋常的實(shí)驗(yàn)。在巴黎，兩個(gè)年輕的德國(guó)生物學(xué)家訓(xùn)練蜜蜂每天晚上8點(diǎn)15分準(zhǔn)時(shí)出來喝糖漿。之后，科學(xué)家們?cè)O(shè)法迷惑蜜蜂。當(dāng)巴黎是晚上8點(diǎn)15分時(shí)，美國(guó)紐約市的東部夏令時(shí)間是下午3點(diǎn)15分。如果蜂箱在兩次喂食之間被空運(yùn)到紐約市，蜜蜂會(huì)遵循哪個(gè)時(shí)間？巴黎的或者紐約的？
3. So, immediately after a night feeding in Paris, the hive was sealed and rushed off on an air liner. In New York, scientists from the American Museum of National History placed the hive in a specially prepared laboratory in the museum. At exactly 3:15 p.m. New York time - a precise 24 hours after having been fed in Paris - the bees swarmed out of their hive. The experiment proved conclusively that in spite of a 3,500-mile flight and differences in local time, the bees' alarm clocks rang right on their 24-hour schedule.
3、為此，在巴黎進(jìn)行了一次晚間喂食后，蜂箱立刻被密封，迅速送上飛往紐約的航班。在紐約，來自于美國(guó)國(guó)家歷史博物館的科學(xué)家們把蜂箱設(shè)置在博物館特別準(zhǔn)備好的實(shí)驗(yàn)室里。在紐約時(shí)間下午3點(diǎn)15分整，也就是在巴黎進(jìn)食整整24小時(shí)之后，蜜蜂涌出它們的蜂箱。實(shí)驗(yàn)確切證明，盡管經(jīng)歷了3500英里的飛行，以及不同地方的時(shí)間差，蜜蜂的“鬧鐘”仍精確地依照它的24小時(shí)時(shí)間表運(yùn)行。
4. As further proof, the experiment was repeated-only this time the same hive of bees had its alarm set in New York and was flown to Paris. There, too. They emerged from their hive exactly 24 hours later for their accustomed feeding.
4、為了進(jìn)一步證明，該實(shí)驗(yàn)被重復(fù)進(jìn)行，這次，同一只蜂箱的蜜蜂，在紐約設(shè)定了進(jìn)食時(shí)間，然后飛往巴黎。這次蜜蜂同樣準(zhǔn)確地在24小時(shí)后，按它們的習(xí)慣進(jìn)食時(shí)間涌出蜂箱。
5. Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light or darkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons.
5、科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在相信，即使不是全部，但仍然有很多生物具有天生的某種類型的潛藏時(shí)鐘。這些時(shí)鐘有時(shí)根據(jù)一天中白晝或黑夜的小時(shí)數(shù)目設(shè)定，有時(shí)根據(jù)潮汐的規(guī)律或者季節(jié)設(shè)定。
6. One of the most remarkable of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab, that familiar beach-dweller with the overgrown claw. Biologists have long known that the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, then begins to darken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable for protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be a simple response by the crab to the sun-just as if we were to get a tan during the day and lose it at night.
6、大自然中最非凡的“活鐘”之一就屬招潮蟹，是人們熟悉的沙灘居民。它有著過分增長(zhǎng)的螯，生物學(xué)家早就知道招潮蟹的殼在白天是黑暗的，傍晚時(shí)變成灰白，然后在破曉的時(shí)候又變黑。這種白晝黑化是針對(duì)敵人和陽(yáng)光的有價(jià)值的自我保護(hù)，很多年以來，它被認(rèn)為是蟹對(duì)于太陽(yáng)光的一種簡(jiǎn)單反應(yīng)，就像我們?nèi)祟惏滋炱つw被太陽(yáng)曬黑，晚上又會(huì)白回來。
7. But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, he was amazed to find that the color of the crab's shell kept ticking off the time with the same accuracy.
7、但是，當(dāng)一個(gè)勇于探索的科學(xué)家把招潮蟹放在黑暗中，他驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)蟹殼的顏色依然準(zhǔn)確的按時(shí)間轉(zhuǎn)變
47、天賦的時(shí)間感、
1. One of the most amazing of living things, the honeybee, has recently been shown to possess still another remarkable skill. It has a built-in alarm clock that goes off exactly every 24 hours.
1、生物中最令人驚奇的東西之一是蜜蜂，在最近的研究里它又顯示出它持有的另一種非凡本領(lǐng)。蜜蜂身體里有一個(gè)天生的“鬧鐘”，它準(zhǔn)確地每24小時(shí)循環(huán)一次。
2. Scientists have long known that bees carry a sort of wrist watch inside their bodies. They will return to the same spot, day after day, right to the minute, to feed on sugar-water left for them. To find out how the bees manage to tell time, an unusual experiment was carried out four years ago. Two young German biologists in Paris trained bees to come out for sugar-water every day at exactly 8:15 p.m. The scientists then set out to baffle the bees. When it is 8:15 p.m. in Paris, New York City's Eastern Day-light Saving time is only 3:15 p.m. If the hive were flown to New York between feedings, which time would the bees follow-Paris’ or New York's?
2、科學(xué)家早已知道，蜜蜂在它的身體里帶著某種手表。蜜蜂能夠日復(fù)一日，精確到同一分鐘，返回同一地點(diǎn)去吃為它們準(zhǔn)備的糖漿。為了研究蜜蜂如何辨別時(shí)間，四年前進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)不尋常的實(shí)驗(yàn)。在巴黎，兩個(gè)年輕的德國(guó)生物學(xué)家訓(xùn)練蜜蜂每天晚上8點(diǎn)15分準(zhǔn)時(shí)出來喝糖漿。之后，科學(xué)家們?cè)O(shè)法迷惑蜜蜂。當(dāng)巴黎是晚上8點(diǎn)15分時(shí)，美國(guó)紐約市的東部夏令時(shí)間是下午3點(diǎn)15分。如果蜂箱在兩次喂食之間被空運(yùn)到紐約市，蜜蜂會(huì)遵循哪個(gè)時(shí)間？巴黎的或者紐約的？
3. So, immediately after a night feeding in Paris, the hive was sealed and rushed off on an air liner. In New York, scientists from the American Museum of National History placed the hive in a specially prepared laboratory in the museum. At exactly 3:15 p.m. New York time - a precise 24 hours after having been fed in Paris - the bees swarmed out of their hive. The experiment proved conclusively that in spite of a 3,500-mile flight and differences in local time, the bees' alarm clocks rang right on their 24-hour schedule.
3、為此，在巴黎進(jìn)行了一次晚間喂食后，蜂箱立刻被密封，迅速送上飛往紐約的航班。在紐約，來自于美國(guó)國(guó)家歷史博物館的科學(xué)家們把蜂箱設(shè)置在博物館特別準(zhǔn)備好的實(shí)驗(yàn)室里。在紐約時(shí)間下午3點(diǎn)15分整，也就是在巴黎進(jìn)食整整24小時(shí)之后，蜜蜂涌出它們的蜂箱。實(shí)驗(yàn)確切證明，盡管經(jīng)歷了3500英里的飛行，以及不同地方的時(shí)間差，蜜蜂的“鬧鐘”仍精確地依照它的24小時(shí)時(shí)間表運(yùn)行。
4. As further proof, the experiment was repeated-only this time the same hive of bees had its alarm set in New York and was flown to Paris. There, too. They emerged from their hive exactly 24 hours later for their accustomed feeding.
4、為了進(jìn)一步證明，該實(shí)驗(yàn)被重復(fù)進(jìn)行，這次，同一只蜂箱的蜜蜂，在紐約設(shè)定了進(jìn)食時(shí)間，然后飛往巴黎。這次蜜蜂同樣準(zhǔn)確地在24小時(shí)后，按它們的習(xí)慣進(jìn)食時(shí)間涌出蜂箱。
5. Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light or darkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons.
5、科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在相信，即使不是全部，但仍然有很多生物具有天生的某種類型的潛藏時(shí)鐘。這些時(shí)鐘有時(shí)根據(jù)一天中白晝或黑夜的小時(shí)數(shù)目設(shè)定，有時(shí)根據(jù)潮汐的規(guī)律或者季節(jié)設(shè)定。
6. One of the most remarkable of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab, that familiar beach-dweller with the overgrown claw. Biologists have long known that the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, then begins to darken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable for protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be a simple response by the crab to the sun-just as if we were to get a tan during the day and lose it at night.
6、大自然中最非凡的“活鐘”之一就屬招潮蟹，是人們熟悉的沙灘居民。它有著過分增長(zhǎng)的螯，生物學(xué)家早就知道招潮蟹的殼在白天是黑暗的，傍晚時(shí)變成灰白，然后在破曉的時(shí)候又變黑。這種白晝黑化是針對(duì)敵人和陽(yáng)光的有價(jià)值的自我保護(hù)，很多年以來，它被認(rèn)為是蟹對(duì)于太陽(yáng)光的一種簡(jiǎn)單反應(yīng)，就像我們?nèi)祟惏滋炱つw被太陽(yáng)曬黑，晚上又會(huì)白回來。
7. But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, he was amazed to find that the color of the crab's shell kept ticking off the time with the same accuracy.
7、但是，當(dāng)一個(gè)勇于探索的科學(xué)家把招潮蟹放在黑暗中，他驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)蟹殼的顏色依然準(zhǔn)確的按時(shí)間轉(zhuǎn)變