TEXT 3
Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It’s your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center, "if you don’t like it, change it."
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr.Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day," says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.
31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams .
[A] can be modified in their courses
[B] are susceptible to emotional changes
[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears
[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs
32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show .
[A] its function in our dreams
[B] the mechanism of REM sleep
[C] the relation of dreams to emotions
[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex
33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to .
[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind
[B] develop into happy dreams
[C] persist till the time we fall asleep
[D] show up in dreams early at night
34. Cartwright seems to suggest that .
[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams
[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control
[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression
[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious
35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?
[A] Lead your life as usual.
[B] Seek professional help.
[C] Exercise conscious control.
[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.
aggravate3 v.惡化,加重,加劇
anxiety3 n.①掛念,焦慮,焦急,憂慮;②渴望,熱望
attention14 n.①注意(力),留心;②立正
author69 n.①作者;②創(chuàng)始人
authority6 n.①權力,威信,權威;②權威者,有權威性的典籍;③[pl.]*,官方
avoid9 v.避免,回避,逃避
chair4 n.①椅子;②主席(職位);vt.主持,擔任
component4 n.①組成部分;②成分;③部件;a.組成的,合成的
conscious5 a.①(of)意識到的,自覺的;②有意識的,神志清醒的
daytime1 n.白天,日間
depress1 v.①壓抑,降低;②使沮喪,壓下
disguise2 n./v.假裝,偽裝
economic23 a.經(jīng)濟(上)的,經(jīng)濟學的
emotion4 n.情緒,情感
essential11 a.①(to)必要的,必不可少的;②本質的,基本的;n.①本質,要點;②必需品
evidence14 n.①根據(jù),證據(jù);②形跡,跡象
formulate3 v.①構想,規(guī)劃;②系統(tǒng)地闡述
function10 n.①功能,作用;②[pl.]職務,職責;③函數(shù);v.起作用
generate4 v.產(chǎn)生,發(fā)生
harness1 v.治理,利用
identify10 v.①識別,鑒別,認明,認同;②(with)把...和...看成一樣,打成一片
intend15 v.想要,打算,企圖
involve20 v.①卷入,陷入,連累;②包含,含有,涉及
lead21 v.①領導,引導;②,占首位;③(to)通向,導致,引起;④經(jīng)歷,過(生活);n.帶領,引導;n.鉛
leading5 a.①主導的,重要的;②主要的;③引領的
link9 v.連接,聯(lián)系;n.環(huán)節(jié),鏈環(huán)
literally2 ad.①照字面意義,逐字地;②確實;③簡直,差不多
logic1 n.邏輯,邏輯學
mechanism6 n.①機械裝置,機構;②機制
modify3 v.更改,修改,修飾
mood2 n.①心情,情緒;②語氣
negative4 a.①否定的,消極的,反面的;②負的,陰性的;n.①負數(shù);②(攝影)底片
nightmare1 n.夢魘,惡夢,可怕的事物
occupy2 v.①占,占用;②占據(jù),占領;③填滿;④忙于,從事
outcome4 n.結果,成果
panic2 n.驚慌,恐慌;v.使驚慌,使恐慌
persist2 v.(in)堅持,持續(xù)
powerful10 a.強大的,有力的,有權的
process34 n.①過程,進程;②工序,制作法;③工藝;v.加工,處理
professional15 a.職業(yè)的,專業(yè)的,專門的;n.專家,專業(yè)人員
psychology7 n.心理學,心理
random3 a.隨機的,隨意的;n.隨機,隨意
reason26 n.①理由,原因;②理性,理智;v.①推論,推理;②說服,評理;③討論,辯論
recur2 vi.復發(fā),重現(xiàn),再來
reflect8 v.①反映,表現(xiàn);②反省,考慮;③反射
regulate3 v.①管制,控制;②調節(jié),校準
revolutionary1 a.革命的,革新的;n.革命者
rid1 v.(of)使擺脫,使去掉
significance5 n.①意義,含義;②重要性,重大
susceptible1 a.易受影響的,易感動的;n.(因缺乏免疫力而)易得病的人
suspect1 v.疑心,懷疑;n.嫌疑犯,可疑分子
suspend2 v.①吊,懸掛;②推遲,暫停
switch4 n.①開關;②轉換;v.轉變,轉移
system31 n.①系統(tǒng),體系;②制度,體制
tend26 v.①趨向,往往是;②照料,看護
theory20 n.①理論,原理;②學說,見解,看法;③看法,觀點
view28 n.①景象,風景;②觀點,見解;③觀察,觀看;④眼界;v.看待,觀察,考慮
vivid2 a.①鮮艷的;②生動的,栩栩如生的
byproduct1 n.副產(chǎn)品
cortex1 n.(植物的)皮層,樹皮;(腦或腎的)皮層,皮質
emotional7 a.情緒的,情感的
imaging1 n.透視顯像,成像技術
innermost1 a.最里面的,內心的,秘密的
insecurity3 n.不安全,不安全感
intellect8 n.智力
intensely1 ad.激烈地,熱情地
limbic1 a.邊緣的
neural1 a.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的,神經(jīng)中樞的,背的
neurologist1 n.神經(jīng)學家
persistent2 a.持久的
prefrontal1 a.額葉前部的,前額的
reasoning7 n.推理;推論
relatively4 ad.相關地
suffering7 n.痛苦;困難
terrorism1 n.恐怖主義,恐怖活動
therapist1 n.治療專家
thermostat1 n.自動調節(jié)器,自動調溫器
uncertainty1 n.不確定,不可靠
unconscious3 a.不省人事,未發(fā)覺的,無意識的;n.無意識
upsetting3 a.令人心煩意亂的,令人苦惱的
visualize2 v.想像,顯現(xiàn)
難句1
A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep.
[結構分析]
1. 本句為分號隔開的兩個分句;
2. 第一個分句主干為:...Freud formulated his revolutionary theory...,后面是一個that引導的同位語從句修飾theory;
3. 第二個分句主干為:...neurologists switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise",破折號后面的是對mental noise的補充說明;
[本句難點]本句主要是從句關系復雜,且包含同位語從句以及破折號之后的補充說明成分;
[方法對策]根據(jù)分號可以看出本句為兩個并列分句,然后找出各自的句子主干,對于同位語從句以及破折號后面的補充說明成分,第一遍閱讀可以不讀;
[例句精譯]一個世紀前,弗洛伊德開創(chuàng)了他革命性的理論,即,夢是我們潛意識里愿望和恐懼偽裝的影子。到了20世紀70年代,神經(jīng)學專家又轉而把夢視作"精神上的雜音"--睡夢中神經(jīng)修復工作的隨機性副產(chǎn)品。
難句2
And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.
[結構分析]
1. 本句主干結構是:one leading authority says + that引導的賓語從句;
2. 賓語從句中,使用了 not only...but (also) 的結構;
3. 逗號后面的動詞不定式作為狀語,修飾brought under conscious control;
[本句難點]主要是賓語從句對閱讀速度的影響;
[方法對策]注意到賓語從句中使用了not only...but (also) 結構,本句就比較好理解了;
[例句精譯]一位的權威說做夢這些精密的強有力的大腦事件,不僅可以利用,而且還可以有意識的加以控制,以達到有助睡眠和感覺良好的目的。
難句3
Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.
[結構分析]
1. 本句主干結構是:Most people seem to have more bad dreams...;
2. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語progressing...作狀語修飾主句;
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語suggesting + that從句作狀語,是對前面兩個分句狀態(tài)的解釋說明;
[本句難點]主要是兩個現(xiàn)在分詞短語的把握;
[方法對策]本句主句比較好找,關鍵在于把握住后面兩個現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的層次,后一個是對主句和第一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語描述狀態(tài)的總結;
[例句精譯]大多數(shù)人在前半夜做噩夢,而快醒時轉成好夢,這說明他們在夢中正在努力化解白天所產(chǎn)生的消極情緒。
難句4
At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says.
[結構分析]
1. 本句主干部分是:...theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams...;
2. unless引導的是條件狀語從句,使用了keep...from...的詞組結構;
[本句難點]主要是unless引導的狀語從句在后面影響理解;
[方法對策]找出主句主干,然后再分析unless引導的條件狀語從句;
[例句精譯]Cartwright說,一天快結束時,我們根本沒有什么理由來關注夢,除非它使我們難以入眠或使我們在恐懼中驚醒。
31. [答案] A
[解析]這是一篇科普文章,談到了做夢的事情。既然問題是:"研究人員現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)逐漸明白夢"。(注意:have come to do sth.是個重要句式,"現(xiàn)在逐漸......"的意思,有now,by and by 和now,gradually之意),既然是now,就不能從"A century ago...",和"by the late 1970s..."中找答案,而應從"Now..."后邊找。(上述三處為本題關鍵性的信號詞)。而現(xiàn)在最新的權威結論是:"Its your dream,if you dont like it,change it."故選A,尤其是A把原文的change換成了同義詞modify,更應該是答案。因為細節(jié)性問題越是不抄原句而換一個說法的,越可能是正確答案。出題人換一個詞是為了迷惑考生,讓你找答案比較困難,這幾乎是個規(guī)律。至于本題的C,是一個世紀前弗洛伊德的看法;D是上世紀70年代的觀點;都與"now"無關。至于B,第一段中并沒有此說法。
32.[答案] C
[解析]問題是:"(第二段)提到limbic system,作者打算說明",注意:limbic來自limb一詞,指人的肢體、手、足等,而非頭腦。故limbic system可譯為"感性體系"與下文的reasoning"理性體系"正相反。"感性體系"又叫后腦或小腦,負責運動、感覺等,比較膚淺。"理性體系"叫前腦或大腦,負責思維,比較深刻。因為人類做夢時"感性體系"活躍,所以人類在夢中顯得很幼稚。同樣,因為夢是感性在起作用,所以本段末句講:"我們從夢里醒來時或者高興或者抑郁,而這些感覺甚至會伴隨我們一整天"。所以選C,本段是在講"夢與感性的聯(lián)系"。至于A:limbic system在夢中如何起作用,它的功能如何?并未涉及。(只說起作用,很活躍,但并未講如何起作用)。還有D,它與前腦的區(qū)別,也沒講。選項B"眼球快動睡眠"的機制是什么,更沒講。
33.[答案] D
[解析]注意問題中的"negative",所以在第三段中也找出帶有"negative"那一部分,細節(jié)題經(jīng)常這樣找信號詞(或者叫關鍵詞)。
問題是:"白天產(chǎn)生的消極情緒會......"第三段講人類做夢是為了化解(working through)白天的消極情緒,所以,剛睡著時的壞夢會一點一點改善的。因此,D為正確答案。至于A(壞感覺)會加劇,C(壞感覺)會一直延續(xù)到我們睡著,文中并未提。至于B(壞感覺)會主動變好,也錯,因為不是它們自己變好,而是"Most people"在夢中努力化解它們,這是人的本能。
34.[答案] D
[解析]當然,我們也不能僅依賴本能而被動地等待,精神專家Cartwright甚至告訴我們如何去操縱我們的夢,使之變好。所以,選擇D。至于A,錯在它只是專家建議中的一個步驟。B 、C也錯,尤其是C,與專家建議背道而馳。
35.[答案] A
[解析]"對有時做噩夢的人,專家建議什么?"信號詞是sometimes,有時做,說明是正常人,有時不做,故選A即可。而那些持續(xù)做噩夢者才應該選B。C適用于反復出現(xiàn)的噩夢,D文中則未提到。
在晚上能睡一個好覺的諸多要素中,夢是我們最無法控制的因素。在夢中,我們走進一個毫無邏輯、死人都能說話的世界。一個世紀前,弗洛伊德開創(chuàng)了他革命性的理論,即,夢是我們潛意識里愿望和恐懼偽裝的影子。到了20世紀70年代,神經(jīng)學專家又轉而把夢視作"精神上的雜音"--睡夢中神經(jīng)修復工作的隨機性副產(chǎn)品。現(xiàn)在,研究人員懷疑,夢是大腦調節(jié)情感的一部分,當大腦"下班"時,夢能調控情緒。一位的權威說做夢這些精密的強有力的大腦事件,不僅可以利用,而且還可以有意識的加以控制,以達到有助睡眠和感覺良好的目的。芝加哥醫(yī)療中心心理部主任Rosalind Cartwright指出"這是你的夢,你不喜歡它,你可以改變它"。
來自大腦掃描成像的證據(jù)支持了這一觀點。匹茲堡大學的Eric Nofzinger博士說:人處于快速眼球移動睡眠狀態(tài)時,會做非常生動的夢,大腦此時也最為活躍,就像人是完全清醒似的。但并不是所有大腦的部位都參與活動;控制感性體系的大腦部位異?;钴S,然而控制理性的大腦部位卻相對平靜。斯坦福大學睡眠研究員William Dement博士說"當我們從令人高興或沮喪的睡夢中醒后,這些感覺會伴隨我們一天"。
睡夢與情感的關聯(lián)在Cartwright診所的病人中也有所表現(xiàn)。大多數(shù)人在前半夜做噩夢,而快醒時轉成好夢,這說明他們在夢中正在努力化解白天所產(chǎn)生的消極情緒。因為,我們清醒時的大腦裝滿了日常生活的各種事物,我們對白天發(fā)生的事并不進行情感意義的思考,只有在夢中,才這樣思考。
但這一過程沒有必要留給潛意識處理,Cartwright認為一個人可以通過練習來控制反復出現(xiàn)的噩夢。當你一覺醒來,首先弄清夢是什么使你不安。想像你想讓它(這種夢)如何結束,下一次再發(fā)生時,設法及時醒來以控制夢的進程。實際上,通過大量練習,人們在睡眠中可以學會這樣做的。
Cartwright說,一天快結束時,我們根本沒有什么理由來關注夢,除非它使我們難以入眠或使我們在恐懼中驚醒??植阑顒?、不穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟和一般意義的不安全感都會增加人們的憂慮。長期受噩夢困擾的人應該去找專家看看。其他人呢,大腦自有辦法來處理不好的感受,繼續(xù)睡眠或做夢吧,第二天早上你感覺更好一點。
31. 研究人員最終認識到夢。
[A] 可以改變其過程
[B] 對情感變化很敏感
[C] 反映了我們內心的愿望和恐懼
[D] 是神經(jīng)修復工作隨機性的結果
32. 提到limbic system作者是要指出。
[A] 它在做夢時的作用
[B] 眼球快速運動時睡眠的機制
[C] 夢與感性之間的關系
[D] 它與控制智力和理智大腦部位的區(qū)別
33. 白天生成的消極情緒。
[A] 在潛意識的夢里會加劇
[B] 會轉化成好夢
[C] 會持續(xù)到我們睡著
[D] 會出現(xiàn)在上半夜的夢中
34. Cartwright看來認為。
[A] 及時醒來在化解噩夢中很關鍵
[B] 回憶噩夢有助于控制它們
[C] 讓夢順其自然
[D] 夢并不完全屬于潛意識
35. Cartwright對那些有時做噩夢的人建議是。
[A] 跟往常一樣過正常生活
[B] 尋求專業(yè)幫助
[C] 練習控制意識
[D] 白天盡量避免焦慮
TEXT 4
Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John Mcwhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.
Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. Mcwhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom", for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case endings of Old English.
But the cult of the authentic and the personal, "doing our own thing," has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. Mcwhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old fashioned to most English speakers. Mr. Mcwhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical educational reforms-he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English "on paper plates instead of china." A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.
36. According to Mcwhorter, the decline of formal English .
[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms
[B] is but all too natural in language development
[C] has caused the controversy over the counter culture
[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s
37. The word "talking" (Line 5, Paragraph 3) denotes .
[A] modesty
[B] personality
[C] liveliness
[D] informality
38. To which of the following statements would Mcwhorter most likely agree?
[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.
[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.
[C] Nonstandard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.
[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.
39. The description of Russians love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s .
[A] interest in their language
[B] appreciation of their efforts
[C] admiration for their memory
[D] contempt for their old fashionedness
40. According to the last paragraph, "paper plates" is to "china" as .
[A] "temporary" is to "permanent"
[B] "radical" is to "conservative"
[C] "functional" is to "artistic"
[D] "humble" is to "noble"
academic7 a.①學校的,學院的;②學術的;n.學者,大學教師
acknowledge4 v.①承認,認為;②致謝;③確認
argue19 v.①爭論,辯論;②認為,主張,論證;③說服
array2 n.①一系列,大量;②排列;v.排列
artistic1 a.藝術(家)的,美術(家)的
aspire1 vi.熱望,立志
attitude14 n.①(to,towards)態(tài)度,看法;②姿勢
authentic2 a.可信的
author69 n.①作者;②創(chuàng)始人
capture4 n.捕獲,俘虜;v.①吸引(注意);②記錄;③俘虜
cause28 n.①原因,理由;②事業(yè),事件,奮斗目標;v.使產(chǎn)生,引起
claim12 v.①要求;②聲稱,主張;③索賠;n.①要求;②主張,斷言;③索賠;④權利,要求權,所有權
command2 n.①命令,指令;②統(tǒng)帥,指揮(權);③掌握,運用能力;v.①命令,要求;②指揮,統(tǒng)帥;③掌握,控制
complex7 a.①復雜的;②合成的,綜合的;n.聯(lián)合體
conservative5 a.保守的,守舊的;n.保守主義者
contempt4 n.輕蔑,藐視
controversy1 n.爭論,爭辯
convey3 v.①運送,搬運,轉運;②傳達,傳播
counter1 n.①柜臺;②計數(shù)器;a./ad.相反(的);v.反對,反擊
craft3 n.①工藝,手藝,技巧;②飛機,飛船;③行業(yè);v.精工制作
criticism4 n.批評,評論
culture21 n.①修養(yǎng),教養(yǎng);②文化,文明
decline14 v./n.①下傾,下降,下垂,衰落;②斜面,傾斜;v.拒絕,謝絕
denote2 v.表示,意味著
description6 n.①描寫,形容;②種類
dialect1 n.方言
document1 n.公文,文獻;vt.記載,證明
educate6 v.教育,培養(yǎng),訓練
elaborate3 a.詳盡的,精心的;v.精心制作,詳細闡述
elevate2 v.抬起,升高
ending1 n.結尾,結局
fashion6 n.①流行式樣(或貨品),風尚,風氣;②樣子,方式;vt.形成,制作,塑造
figure10 n.①體形;②數(shù)字;③圖形;④人物;v.(out)算出,估計,推測
formal3 a.①正式的;②形式的
gradual2 a.逐漸的,逐步的
grieve1 v.使悲傷,使傷心
humble2 a.①謙卑的,恭順的;②低下的,卑微的;v.降低,貶抑
illustrate6 v.①舉例說明,闡明;②圖解,加插圖
inevitable5 a.不可避免的,必然發(fā)生的
liberal3 a.①慷慨的,大方的;②豐富的,富足的;③自由的,思想開朗的
logical4 a.①邏輯的,符合邏輯的;②必然的
oral1 a.口頭的
permanent1 a.永久的,持久的
personality9 n.①人格,個性;②人物,名人
poetry6 n.詩歌,詩集
politician2 n.政治家,政客
propose4 v.①提議,建議;②提名,推薦;③求婚
radical5 a.①基本的,根本的;②激進的,極端的
reform8 v./n.改革,改造,改良
relate12 v.①敘述,講述;②使互相關聯(lián);③與...有關(系)
responsible11 a.①(for,to)應負責的,有責任的;②可靠的,可信賴的;③責任重大的,重要的
speaker6 n.說話人,演講人,揚聲器
spell2 v.①拼寫;②導致,招致;n.一段時間
statement7 n.聲明,陳述
temporary3 a.暫時的,臨時的
tend26 v.①趨向,往往是;②照料,看護
tone2 n.①音調,音色;②風氣,氣氛;③腔調,語氣;④色調
trend12 n.傾向,趨勢;v.伸向,傾向
triumph4 n.勝利,成功;v.得勝,戰(zhàn)勝
view28 n.①景象,風景;②觀點,見解;③觀察,觀看;④眼界;v.看待,觀察,考慮
writing9 n.①寫,寫作;②著作,作品
according47 ad.依照,根據(jù)
appreciation1 n.感謝,感激,正確評價,欣賞,增值
chunk1 n.大塊,相當大的數(shù)量
controversialist1 n.爭論者,好爭論者
cult1 n.①宗派;②崇拜;③時尚
degradation1 n.降級,降格,退化
disappearance1 n.消失
entertaining2 a.①使人愉快的;②有趣的
expressive2 a.有表現(xiàn)力的,富于表情的
fashionedness1 n.樣式,風格
functional2 a.功能的
genre1 n.類型,流派
informality1 n.非正式
latest8 a.最近的
linguist5 n.語言學家
liveliness1 n.活潑
memorize3 v.記住,記憶
modestly1 ad.謹慎地,適當?shù)?BR> modesty1 n.謙遜,虛心
performative1 a.富有表現(xiàn)力的
permissive1 a.許可的,自由的,放縱的
powerfully1 ad.強大地,強烈地
regrettable1 a.可惜的
speciality1 n.特性,特質
spontaneity1 n.自發(fā)性
subtitle1 n.副標題,小標題
難句1
In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John Mcwhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.
[結構分析]
1. 本句主干結構是:...John Mcwhorter...see...as...;
2. a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views是對John Mcwhorter身份的介紹,是插入語;
[本句難點]本句比較長,且含有插入語影響理解;
[方法對策]首先找出句子的主干,對于插入語,第一次閱讀可以忽略不讀,注意主句中有see...as...(把......看成......)的結構;
[例句精譯]語言學家約翰·麥克沃特喜好爭論,他的觀點混雜著保守派與自由派的看法,在他的近作《做我們自己的事,語言和音樂的退化:我們干嗎在乎?!》一書中,這位學者認為20世紀60年代反文化運動的勝利要對正式英語的退化負責。
難句2
Mr. Mcwhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom", for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case endings of Old English.
[結構分析]
1. 本句為and連接的兩個分句;
2. and前為第一個分句;and后為第二個分句,主干為:he sees the...disappearance of "whom" to be;
[本句難點]主要是第二個分句不好理解,其中還包含一個no more...than...(同......一樣不......)的結構;
[方法對策]首先根據(jù)連接詞and找出兩個分句,然后找出后一個分句的主干,在分析其他成分;
[例句精譯]麥克沃特先生的學術專長在于語言史和語言變化,舉例來說,他認為"whom"一詞的逐漸消失是很自然的,并不比舊式英語中詞格的消失更讓人惋惜。
難句3
While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.
[結構分析]
1. 本句主干結構是:...the most well regarded writing...has sought to capture spoken English;
2. 逗號前面為while引導的狀語從句,其中包含一個when引導的時間狀語從句;
[本句難點]主要是從句關系復雜;
[方法對策]本句為狀語從句+主句結構,分別找出主句和從句的主干結構,就比較好理解了;the modestly educated:受過一般教育的人;elevated:崇高的,高雅的;
[例句精譯]在60年代以前,甚至僅受過一般教育的人在下筆時都要尋求一種更高雅的腔調,但在那之后,即使是關注的文章也開始把口語用于寫作。
難句4
As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.
[結構分析]
1. 本句主干為:...he acknowledges + that引導的賓語從句;
2. 賓語從句的主干結構是:all varieties of human language...can be powerfully expressive;
3. 兩個逗號之間的部分為插入語,對all varieties of human language進行補充說明;
4.破折號后面是對賓語從句進行補充說明,其中包含一個that引導的定語從句,修飾no language or dialect;
[本句難點]本句句子結構、從句關系均比較復雜;
[方法對策]首先抓住主句主干,然后再分析賓語從句主干,對于插入語和破折號后面的補充說明部分第一遍閱讀可以不看,這樣就比較容易把握句子整體,然后再分析從句和其他修飾成分;
[例句精譯]作為一位語言學家,他承認多種多樣的人類語言,包括那些非標準的語言,比如黑人英語,都具有極強的表達力--世上沒有傳達不了復雜思想的語言和方言。
難句5
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old fashioned to most Englishspeakers.
[結構分析]
1. 本句是while連接的兩個分句;
2. 第一個分句主語是Russians,謂語是and連接的并列謂語have和carry,然后分別帶自己的賓語部分;
3. 第二個分句包含一個that引導的定語從句,修飾elaborate speech;
[本句難點]句子結構復雜;
[方法對策]根據(jù)while把句子分成兩部分,然后再分析各自的主干部分,就可以理解本句內容;
[例句精譯]俄羅斯人深愛著他們自己的語言,并在他們的腦海中存儲了大量詩歌,而意大利的政客們卻更傾向于精心準備的演講,雖然這在大多數(shù)講英語的人們眼里已經(jīng)過時。
難句6
Mr.Mcwhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical educational reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.
[結構分析]
1. 本句句子主干是:Mr. Mcwhorter acknowledges that...and proposes no radical educational reforms...;
2. 逗號前包含一個that引導的賓語從句;
3. 破折號后面是對前面內容的補充說明;
[本句難點]主要是從句關系復雜,以及破折號后面more than的理解;
[方法對策]首先分析出主句的主干; A more than B:此處為"肯定A,否定B"的結構,可以理解為"與其說是B,不如說是A";
[例句精譯]麥克沃特先生認為正式英語并非不可或缺,他也沒有提出激烈的教育改革--他其實只是在哀痛美麗的喪失而非實用的丟失。
36.[答案] B
[解析]這是一篇語言學方面的文章,講述了英語的演變。作者既認為今不如昔(正如中文的白話文不如文言文那樣深刻、濃烈、優(yōu)雅一樣,英文也今不如昔),又認為事物的進化是一種自然現(xiàn)象,是不可避免的,讓我們走自己的路好了,何必在乎?!
僅根據(jù)第一段作者Mcwhorter書的副標題why we should like,care(我們干嗎在乎?!)即可以看出B為正確答案。A、D選項與文章意思不符,而C在文中并未提及。
37.[答案] D
[解析]文章中講了"talking is triumphing speaking,spontaneity over craft"(說話正在戰(zhàn)勝講話,隨意語言正在取代技巧語言),因此可知talking代表informal,(白話文正在取勝)。A、B、C則與文章內容不符。
38.[答案] A
[解析]問Mcwhorter的看法。只要準確理解第四段末句,即可選對A。
39.[答案] B
[解析]此題問作者對俄國人背誦大量古詩詞持一種什么態(tài)度?文章末段說Mcwhorter為語言優(yōu)美的喪失而痛苦(grieving),又說這喪失是一種shame,故知作者對俄國人的作法是贊成的。
40.[答案] C
[解析]問末段"紙碟子"與"瓷盤子"的關系是指什么?C是選項:人們用白話文表達思想,能起作用就行了(functional),不像古人那樣精致、藝術,使用工整、對仗的語言來表達思想(artistic),那簡直是一只"瓷盤子"。
美國人不再期望公眾人物在演講或寫作文章之時可以巧妙地、富有天分地使用英語了,而他們自己本身也不奢望自己能夠做到這一點。語言學家約翰·麥克沃特喜好爭論,他的觀點混雜著保守派與自由派的看法,在他的近作《做我們自己的事,語言和音樂的退化:我們干嗎在乎?!》一書中,這位學者認為20世紀60年代反文化運動的勝利要對正式英語的退化負責。
怪罪放縱的60年代并不新鮮,但這并不是另一份批評教育滑坡的長篇大論。麥克沃特先生的學術專長在于語言史和語言變化,舉例來說,他認為"whom"一詞的逐漸消失是很自然的,并不比舊式英語中詞格的消失更讓人惋惜。
然而,"做我們自己的事"--這一對事物真實性和個性的崇拜信條,已經(jīng)給正式的演講、寫作、詩歌和音樂畫上了句號。在60年代以前,甚至僅受過一般教育的人在下筆時都要尋求一種更高雅的腔調,但在那之后,即使是關注的文章也開始把口語用于寫作。同樣,在詩歌領域,惟一能夠具有真正活力的就是那種高度個人化和富有表現(xiàn)力的文學形式。無論作為口語還是書面語言的英語,說話勝過了講話,而自由發(fā)揮也勝過了精心準備。
麥克沃特先生從上層和下層文化中列舉了一系列有趣的例子,從中我們可以看出他所記錄的這種趨勢不可避免。但考慮到其副標題所提的問題:我們干嗎在乎?!答案還不夠明白。作為一位語言學家,他承認多種多樣的人類語言,包括那些非標準的語言,比如黑人英語,都具有極強的表達力--世上沒有傳達不了復雜思想的語言和方言。不像其他大多數(shù)人,麥克沃特先生并不認為我們說話方式不規(guī)范就不能使我們直接思考。
俄羅斯人深愛著他們自己的語言,并在他們的腦海中存儲了大量詩歌,而意大利的政客們卻更傾向于精心準備的演講,雖然這在大多數(shù)講英語的人們眼里已經(jīng)過時。麥克沃特先生認為正式英語并非不可或缺,他也沒有提出激烈的教育改革--他其實只是在哀痛美麗的喪失而非實用的丟失。也許我們現(xiàn)在是用"紙盤子而非瓷盤子"盛著我們的英語大餐。這也許令人羞愧,但可能是不可避免的事。
36. 麥克沃特先生認為,正式英語的衰落。
[A] 是在激烈的教育改革中不可避免的事
[B] 是在語言發(fā)展中再自然不過的事了
[C] 已經(jīng)造成了反文化運動中的對立
[D] 引起了20世紀60年代公眾態(tài)度的變化
37. 單詞"talking"(第3段,第6行)的意思是。
[A] 謙虛
[B] 個性化
[C] 具有活力
[D] 非正式
38. McWhorter最可能會贊同下面哪種說法?
[A] 邏輯思維和我們談話方式?jīng)]有必然的聯(lián)系。
[B] 黑人英語比標準英語更有表達力。
[C] 非標準的語言種類如同兒戲。
[D] 在所有類別的語言中,標準語言最能表達復雜的思維。
39. 描述俄羅斯人喜歡記憶詩歌說明作者。
[A] 對他們的語言感興趣
[B] 贊賞他們的努力
[C] 羨慕他們的記憶
[D] 輕視他們的守舊
40. 根據(jù)最后一段,紙盤子相對瓷盤子是。
[A] 臨時與永恒
[B] 激進與保守
[C] 實用與藝術
[D] 卑微與高尚
TEXT 1
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s "personal search agent". It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. "I struck gold," says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in house counsel for a company.
With thousands of career related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be timeconsuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: "Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility." says one expert.
For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept-what you think you want to do-then broaden it. "None of these programs do that," says another expert. "There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this." Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. "I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me," says the author of a job searching guide.
Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs-those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them-and they do. "On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic," says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.
Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. "You always keep your eyes open," he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.
41. How did Redmon find his job?
[A] By searching openings in a job database.
[B] By posting a matching position in a database.
[C] By using a special service of a database.
[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.
42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
[A] Lack of counseling.
[B] Limited number of visits.
[C] Lower efficiency.
[D] Fewer successful matches.
43. The expression " tip service " (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means .
[A] advisory
[B] compensation
[C] interaction
[D] reminder
44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
[A] To focus on better job matches.
[B] To attract more returning visits.
[C] To reserve space for more messages.
[D] To increase the rate of success.
45. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job hunters.
[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.
[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.
[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.
agent11 n.代理商(人),代表
attract2 v.吸引,招引,引誘,引起(注意等)
author69 n.①作者;②創(chuàng)始人
career11 n.①生涯,經(jīng)歷;②專業(yè),職業(yè)
compensation3 n.補償,賠償
concept15 n.概念,觀念,思想
consume5 v.消費,消費,耗盡
counsel1 v./n.勸告,忠告;n.法律顧問,辯護人
criterion2 n.([pl.]criteria)標準,準則
database6 n.數(shù)據(jù)庫,資料庫
drawback1 n.欠缺,缺點
efficiency5 n.①效率;②功效
eliminate5 v.消除
employer4 n.雇主
expert14 n.專家,能手;a.①熟練的,有經(jīng)驗的;②專門的,專家的
expression9 n.①表達,表示;②短語,詞句,措詞;③式,符號
feature9 n.①特征,特色;②(報紙或雜志)特寫;③容貌,面貌;v.給顯著地位
focus12 n.焦點,(活動,興趣等的)中心;v.(on/upon)使聚集,集中
helpful4 a.(to)有幫助的,有益的,有用的
hunt4 v./n.①打獵,獵取;②(for)搜索;③尋找
implicit2 a.①不言明的,含蓄的;②(in)固有的;③無疑問的;④無保留的
indispensable2 a.(to,for)必不可少的,必需的
information44 n.①通知,報告;②情報,信息
intellectual19 n.知識分子
legal11 a.①法律的,法定的;②合法的,正當?shù)?BR> limited9 a.有限的,被限制的
location4 n.位置,場所
lower9 a.較低的,下級的,下游的;v.降下,放低
maintain9 v.①維修,保養(yǎng);②維持,保持;③堅持,主張,支持
narrow5 a.狹窄的,狹隘的;v.①限制,限定;②變窄,收縮
negotiate5 v.談判,交涉,商議
opening3 n.①口子,孔;②開始,開端;③空缺,機會;a.開始的,開幕的
option3 n.選項,選擇權,買賣的特權
possibility5 n.①可能,可能性;②可能的事,希望
post3 v.①貼出;②宣布,公告;③投寄,郵寄;n.①(支)柱,標桿;②郵政,郵寄;③職位,崗位,哨所
potential13 a.潛在的,可能的;潛能,潛力
promising2 a.有希望的,有前途的
property6 n.①財產(chǎn),資產(chǎn),所有物;②性質,特性
rate31 n.①比率,率;②等級;③價格,費用;v.①估價;②評級,評價
relate12 v.①敘述,講述;②使互相關聯(lián);③與...有關(系)
rely6 v.①(on)依賴,依靠;②信賴,信任
reserve2 n.①儲備(物),儲藏量,儲備金;②緘默,謹慎;v.①保留,儲備;②預定,預約
resume1 v.①再繼續(xù),重新開始;②重新占用,再用;③恢復;n.簡歷
salary4 n.①薪金,薪水;②發(fā)薪水,付薪水
site9 n.位置,場所,地點
strategy6 n.戰(zhàn)略,策略
stumble1 n.①跌倒;②錯誤;v.①跌倒;②犯錯;③偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)
tempt1 v.①誘惑,引誘;②吸引,使感興趣
title6 n.①書名,標題;②頭銜,稱號
trace4 n.①痕跡,蹤跡;②極少量,微量;v.①描繪;②跟蹤,追蹤;③追溯,探索
traffic2 n.交通,交通量
vice3 n.①邪惡,壞事;②惡習;③[pl.]臺鉗,老虎鉗;a.副的
worthwhile4 a.值得(做)的
abreast1 ad.并肩地,并排地
according47 ad.依照,根據(jù)
advisory2 a.顧問的,咨詢的,勸告的
counseling2 n.咨詢服務
disadvantage6 n.不利,缺點,劣勢;v.①使處于不利地位;②損害
hunter2 n.獵人
inefficient2 a.效率低的,效率差的,(指人)不能勝任的,無能的
interaction4 n.交互作用
interactive1 a.交互式的
keyword1 n.關鍵字
mailing3 n.郵寄,郵件
notification1 n.通知,布告,告示
reminder3 n.提醒的人,暗示
難句1
It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.
[結構分析]
1. 本句是It is...that...強調句型,強調的是本句的主語:an interactive feature;
2. 句中when引導的從句作狀語;
[本句難點]注意這是強調句型;
[方法對策]理解強調部分是該句的主語;key在此處作動詞用,意為"鍵入,輸入";
[例句精譯]該代理器的特點是互動,允許訪問者鍵入一些求職要求諸如工作地點、職位和薪水,然后幫你盯著,當網(wǎng)上出現(xiàn)與你個人要求相匹配的工作崗位時它馬上自動把你的條件用Email發(fā)出去幫你找,然后再通知你。
41.[答案] C
[解析]這是一篇利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來尋找工作的科普性小文章。律師雷德曼上網(wǎng)找工作未果,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個叫做"個人搜索代理器"的工具。該"代理器"能讓訪客鍵入自己的求職條件然后幫你盯著,一旦網(wǎng)上張貼出符合你要求的職位時,馬上自動把你的條件email發(fā)過去,幫你找工作。由此可知C為正確答案。至于A:Redmon自己找;B:Redmon自已去張貼帖子,甚至D:把個人簡歷Email給網(wǎng)站,都是極端錯誤的。真實的情況是:"代理器"把他的條件與華盛頓老板聯(lián)系上之后又通知了他。之后,他親自把簡歷Email給老板(而不是給網(wǎng)站)才找到工作的。第一段很難,不僅有詞匯方面的原因,如:post張貼;notification通知; opening機遇;也有句子結構上的問題,如句子:It has an interactive feature后邊that lets sb.do sth.and then,Emails them,注意后面that從句中兩個并列謂語lets...and Emails...均為代理器的功能和特性。
42.[答案] A
[解析]不用看第二段,就可以大致猜到答案為A,因為這種"代理器"B: 限制上網(wǎng)訪客的數(shù)量,C:效率很低,D:幫你成功地找到相對應的工作并不多。文章中均未提及,而它的惟一缺點是無法與之交流協(xié)商。你輸進去你對工作的要求條件,它來為你找相應工作。至于協(xié)商則辦不到。這從以下幾段也可以看出。
43.[答案] D
[解析]這是一道詞匯題,切記詞匯題看上下文尤其是下文。有人可能問:不是說照抄原文的不是答案嗎?怎么下文有reminder,答案也選reminder呢?注意,不抄原文是指細節(jié)題,(比如41題第一段原文是"個人搜索代理器",選項則是一種"特別的服務器")但詞匯題不受此限制。
44.[答案] B
[解析]就剩下兩段了,也就剩下兩個問題了。所以,分段查找式閱讀非常精準。第四段首句即提到:"有些網(wǎng)站設計他們的代理器是為了誘惑求職者返回來(以此提高自己的點擊率)"接著舉了一些例子。所以,問題:"為什么有那么多的工作,而代理器每次只給求職者提供三個?"顯然是為了吸引你重新回來了。故選B。此處,把原文的tempt換成了同義詞attract。細節(jié)題經(jīng)常如此。
45.[答案] C
[解析]A說這種代理器對求職者必不可少。錯,求職有許多方法,比如參加招聘會,登廣告等等,不見得非用代理器。B和D也沒提到。根據(jù)末段,選C。
去年年末,甘特·雷德曼律師在找工作時偶然在網(wǎng)上發(fā)現(xiàn)一個叫做"職業(yè)開創(chuàng)者"的網(wǎng)站。他找來找去并沒有找到什么工作,但被這個網(wǎng)上的"個人搜索代理器"所吸引。該代理器的特點是互動,允許訪問者鍵入一些求職要求諸如工作地點、職位和薪水,然后幫你盯著,當網(wǎng)上出現(xiàn)與你個人要求相匹配的工作崗位時它馬上自動把你的條件用E-mail發(fā)出去幫你找,然后再通知你。雷德曼選擇關鍵詞"法律"、"知識產(chǎn)權"和"華盛頓特區(qū)"幾個詞。過了三個星期,他接到第一份有職位空缺的通知。"我掘到了金子,"雷德曼說,然后他把個人簡歷用電子郵件寄給了雇主,接著就得到了一份公司內部顧問的職務。
因特網(wǎng)上有成千上萬個與求職相關的網(wǎng)址,尋找好的工作崗位費時低效。有了搜索代理器,就沒必要頻繁地去網(wǎng)上查找了。不過,雖然有一個搜索代理器成功地為雷德曼找到了工作,就業(yè)專家卻還是認為搜索代理器并不盡如人意。比如個人求職要求越具體明確就有可能對你越不利,一位專家說:"你每回答一次問題你就喪失一次機會。"
尋找任何職業(yè),你都要從一個狹窄的概念開始,即你想干什么工作,然后再加以擴展。有一位專家說:"任何這些程序中都沒有那種擴展功能,所有這一切都不包含職業(yè)咨詢。"相反,的策略是把代理器當作一種提示服務來及時跟蹤某一網(wǎng)址里的工作崗位信息;當你收到電子郵件時,你就把它當作一種提醒再去查一查該網(wǎng)站。一位職業(yè)搜索指南的作者說:"我不會依賴代理器在網(wǎng)上增加的每一項內容里去逐一尋找可能令我感興趣的東西。"
一些網(wǎng)站用設計的代理器來吸引求職者回訪。比如,當求職網(wǎng)代理器向注冊服務的用戶發(fā)送信息時,它只提供三個它認為最可能匹配的崗位。在資料數(shù)據(jù)庫里可能還有更多的匹配項;求職者于是只好再次訪問這個網(wǎng)址來尋找,求職者確實如此做了。求職網(wǎng)銷售副總裁塞思·皮茨說:"我們發(fā)送這些信息的當天訪問量就急劇增長。"
即使非求職的人士也會發(fā)現(xiàn)搜索代理器很有用。有些人利用搜索代理器密切觀察對于本行業(yè)的需求或搜集有關加薪的信息以備增薪談判時胸有成竹。雷德曼雖然已愉快就職,但他依舊保持著與"職業(yè)開創(chuàng)者"網(wǎng)代理器的聯(lián)系。他說:"你要永遠睜大眼睛。"使用個人搜索代理等于多一雙眼睛替你在觀察。
41. 雷德曼是怎樣找到工作的?
[A] 在一個網(wǎng)站上搜尋空缺職位。
[B] 通過在一個網(wǎng)站中張貼匹配的職業(yè)。
[C] 利用網(wǎng)站上的特殊服務器。
[D] 通過電郵他的履歷到一個網(wǎng)站。
42. 下面哪項可能是搜索代理器的不利條件?
[A] 缺乏跟它的商議溝通的能力。
[B] 限制上網(wǎng)者的數(shù)量。
[C] 低的效率。
[D] 幫你成功地找到相對應的工作并不多。
43. 短語"tip service"(第三段第三行)最可能的意思是。
[A] 忠告
[B] 補貼
[C] 互相作用
[D] 提示
44. 為什么CareerSite的代理器只給每名求職者提供三種工作選擇?
[A] 為了關注更合適的工作。
[B] 為了吸引更多的人回訪。
[C] 為了給更多的信息保留空間。
[D] 為了提高成功率。
45. 根據(jù)本文的觀點,下面哪項正確?
[A] 對于求職者來說,個人搜索工具必不可少。
[B] 一些網(wǎng)站不停地給求職者發(fā)電子郵件以便挖掘他們的需求。
[C] 對于已經(jīng)找到工作的人來說,個人搜索代理也很有用。
[D] 一旦人們找到工作,一些搜索器就會停止給他們發(fā)送信息。
Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It’s your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center, "if you don’t like it, change it."
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr.Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day," says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.
31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams .
[A] can be modified in their courses
[B] are susceptible to emotional changes
[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears
[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs
32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show .
[A] its function in our dreams
[B] the mechanism of REM sleep
[C] the relation of dreams to emotions
[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex
33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to .
[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind
[B] develop into happy dreams
[C] persist till the time we fall asleep
[D] show up in dreams early at night
34. Cartwright seems to suggest that .
[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams
[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control
[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression
[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious
35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?
[A] Lead your life as usual.
[B] Seek professional help.
[C] Exercise conscious control.
[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.
aggravate3 v.惡化,加重,加劇
anxiety3 n.①掛念,焦慮,焦急,憂慮;②渴望,熱望
attention14 n.①注意(力),留心;②立正
author69 n.①作者;②創(chuàng)始人
authority6 n.①權力,威信,權威;②權威者,有權威性的典籍;③[pl.]*,官方
avoid9 v.避免,回避,逃避
chair4 n.①椅子;②主席(職位);vt.主持,擔任
component4 n.①組成部分;②成分;③部件;a.組成的,合成的
conscious5 a.①(of)意識到的,自覺的;②有意識的,神志清醒的
daytime1 n.白天,日間
depress1 v.①壓抑,降低;②使沮喪,壓下
disguise2 n./v.假裝,偽裝
economic23 a.經(jīng)濟(上)的,經(jīng)濟學的
emotion4 n.情緒,情感
essential11 a.①(to)必要的,必不可少的;②本質的,基本的;n.①本質,要點;②必需品
evidence14 n.①根據(jù),證據(jù);②形跡,跡象
formulate3 v.①構想,規(guī)劃;②系統(tǒng)地闡述
function10 n.①功能,作用;②[pl.]職務,職責;③函數(shù);v.起作用
generate4 v.產(chǎn)生,發(fā)生
harness1 v.治理,利用
identify10 v.①識別,鑒別,認明,認同;②(with)把...和...看成一樣,打成一片
intend15 v.想要,打算,企圖
involve20 v.①卷入,陷入,連累;②包含,含有,涉及
lead21 v.①領導,引導;②,占首位;③(to)通向,導致,引起;④經(jīng)歷,過(生活);n.帶領,引導;n.鉛
leading5 a.①主導的,重要的;②主要的;③引領的
link9 v.連接,聯(lián)系;n.環(huán)節(jié),鏈環(huán)
literally2 ad.①照字面意義,逐字地;②確實;③簡直,差不多
logic1 n.邏輯,邏輯學
mechanism6 n.①機械裝置,機構;②機制
modify3 v.更改,修改,修飾
mood2 n.①心情,情緒;②語氣
negative4 a.①否定的,消極的,反面的;②負的,陰性的;n.①負數(shù);②(攝影)底片
nightmare1 n.夢魘,惡夢,可怕的事物
occupy2 v.①占,占用;②占據(jù),占領;③填滿;④忙于,從事
outcome4 n.結果,成果
panic2 n.驚慌,恐慌;v.使驚慌,使恐慌
persist2 v.(in)堅持,持續(xù)
powerful10 a.強大的,有力的,有權的
process34 n.①過程,進程;②工序,制作法;③工藝;v.加工,處理
professional15 a.職業(yè)的,專業(yè)的,專門的;n.專家,專業(yè)人員
psychology7 n.心理學,心理
random3 a.隨機的,隨意的;n.隨機,隨意
reason26 n.①理由,原因;②理性,理智;v.①推論,推理;②說服,評理;③討論,辯論
recur2 vi.復發(fā),重現(xiàn),再來
reflect8 v.①反映,表現(xiàn);②反省,考慮;③反射
regulate3 v.①管制,控制;②調節(jié),校準
revolutionary1 a.革命的,革新的;n.革命者
rid1 v.(of)使擺脫,使去掉
significance5 n.①意義,含義;②重要性,重大
susceptible1 a.易受影響的,易感動的;n.(因缺乏免疫力而)易得病的人
suspect1 v.疑心,懷疑;n.嫌疑犯,可疑分子
suspend2 v.①吊,懸掛;②推遲,暫停
switch4 n.①開關;②轉換;v.轉變,轉移
system31 n.①系統(tǒng),體系;②制度,體制
tend26 v.①趨向,往往是;②照料,看護
theory20 n.①理論,原理;②學說,見解,看法;③看法,觀點
view28 n.①景象,風景;②觀點,見解;③觀察,觀看;④眼界;v.看待,觀察,考慮
vivid2 a.①鮮艷的;②生動的,栩栩如生的
byproduct1 n.副產(chǎn)品
cortex1 n.(植物的)皮層,樹皮;(腦或腎的)皮層,皮質
emotional7 a.情緒的,情感的
imaging1 n.透視顯像,成像技術
innermost1 a.最里面的,內心的,秘密的
insecurity3 n.不安全,不安全感
intellect8 n.智力
intensely1 ad.激烈地,熱情地
limbic1 a.邊緣的
neural1 a.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的,神經(jīng)中樞的,背的
neurologist1 n.神經(jīng)學家
persistent2 a.持久的
prefrontal1 a.額葉前部的,前額的
reasoning7 n.推理;推論
relatively4 ad.相關地
suffering7 n.痛苦;困難
terrorism1 n.恐怖主義,恐怖活動
therapist1 n.治療專家
thermostat1 n.自動調節(jié)器,自動調溫器
uncertainty1 n.不確定,不可靠
unconscious3 a.不省人事,未發(fā)覺的,無意識的;n.無意識
upsetting3 a.令人心煩意亂的,令人苦惱的
visualize2 v.想像,顯現(xiàn)
難句1
A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep.
[結構分析]
1. 本句為分號隔開的兩個分句;
2. 第一個分句主干為:...Freud formulated his revolutionary theory...,后面是一個that引導的同位語從句修飾theory;
3. 第二個分句主干為:...neurologists switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise",破折號后面的是對mental noise的補充說明;
[本句難點]本句主要是從句關系復雜,且包含同位語從句以及破折號之后的補充說明成分;
[方法對策]根據(jù)分號可以看出本句為兩個并列分句,然后找出各自的句子主干,對于同位語從句以及破折號后面的補充說明成分,第一遍閱讀可以不讀;
[例句精譯]一個世紀前,弗洛伊德開創(chuàng)了他革命性的理論,即,夢是我們潛意識里愿望和恐懼偽裝的影子。到了20世紀70年代,神經(jīng)學專家又轉而把夢視作"精神上的雜音"--睡夢中神經(jīng)修復工作的隨機性副產(chǎn)品。
難句2
And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.
[結構分析]
1. 本句主干結構是:one leading authority says + that引導的賓語從句;
2. 賓語從句中,使用了 not only...but (also) 的結構;
3. 逗號后面的動詞不定式作為狀語,修飾brought under conscious control;
[本句難點]主要是賓語從句對閱讀速度的影響;
[方法對策]注意到賓語從句中使用了not only...but (also) 結構,本句就比較好理解了;
[例句精譯]一位的權威說做夢這些精密的強有力的大腦事件,不僅可以利用,而且還可以有意識的加以控制,以達到有助睡眠和感覺良好的目的。
難句3
Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.
[結構分析]
1. 本句主干結構是:Most people seem to have more bad dreams...;
2. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語progressing...作狀語修飾主句;
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語suggesting + that從句作狀語,是對前面兩個分句狀態(tài)的解釋說明;
[本句難點]主要是兩個現(xiàn)在分詞短語的把握;
[方法對策]本句主句比較好找,關鍵在于把握住后面兩個現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的層次,后一個是對主句和第一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語描述狀態(tài)的總結;
[例句精譯]大多數(shù)人在前半夜做噩夢,而快醒時轉成好夢,這說明他們在夢中正在努力化解白天所產(chǎn)生的消極情緒。
難句4
At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says.
[結構分析]
1. 本句主干部分是:...theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams...;
2. unless引導的是條件狀語從句,使用了keep...from...的詞組結構;
[本句難點]主要是unless引導的狀語從句在后面影響理解;
[方法對策]找出主句主干,然后再分析unless引導的條件狀語從句;
[例句精譯]Cartwright說,一天快結束時,我們根本沒有什么理由來關注夢,除非它使我們難以入眠或使我們在恐懼中驚醒。
31. [答案] A
[解析]這是一篇科普文章,談到了做夢的事情。既然問題是:"研究人員現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)逐漸明白夢"。(注意:have come to do sth.是個重要句式,"現(xiàn)在逐漸......"的意思,有now,by and by 和now,gradually之意),既然是now,就不能從"A century ago...",和"by the late 1970s..."中找答案,而應從"Now..."后邊找。(上述三處為本題關鍵性的信號詞)。而現(xiàn)在最新的權威結論是:"Its your dream,if you dont like it,change it."故選A,尤其是A把原文的change換成了同義詞modify,更應該是答案。因為細節(jié)性問題越是不抄原句而換一個說法的,越可能是正確答案。出題人換一個詞是為了迷惑考生,讓你找答案比較困難,這幾乎是個規(guī)律。至于本題的C,是一個世紀前弗洛伊德的看法;D是上世紀70年代的觀點;都與"now"無關。至于B,第一段中并沒有此說法。
32.[答案] C
[解析]問題是:"(第二段)提到limbic system,作者打算說明",注意:limbic來自limb一詞,指人的肢體、手、足等,而非頭腦。故limbic system可譯為"感性體系"與下文的reasoning"理性體系"正相反。"感性體系"又叫后腦或小腦,負責運動、感覺等,比較膚淺。"理性體系"叫前腦或大腦,負責思維,比較深刻。因為人類做夢時"感性體系"活躍,所以人類在夢中顯得很幼稚。同樣,因為夢是感性在起作用,所以本段末句講:"我們從夢里醒來時或者高興或者抑郁,而這些感覺甚至會伴隨我們一整天"。所以選C,本段是在講"夢與感性的聯(lián)系"。至于A:limbic system在夢中如何起作用,它的功能如何?并未涉及。(只說起作用,很活躍,但并未講如何起作用)。還有D,它與前腦的區(qū)別,也沒講。選項B"眼球快動睡眠"的機制是什么,更沒講。
33.[答案] D
[解析]注意問題中的"negative",所以在第三段中也找出帶有"negative"那一部分,細節(jié)題經(jīng)常這樣找信號詞(或者叫關鍵詞)。
問題是:"白天產(chǎn)生的消極情緒會......"第三段講人類做夢是為了化解(working through)白天的消極情緒,所以,剛睡著時的壞夢會一點一點改善的。因此,D為正確答案。至于A(壞感覺)會加劇,C(壞感覺)會一直延續(xù)到我們睡著,文中并未提。至于B(壞感覺)會主動變好,也錯,因為不是它們自己變好,而是"Most people"在夢中努力化解它們,這是人的本能。
34.[答案] D
[解析]當然,我們也不能僅依賴本能而被動地等待,精神專家Cartwright甚至告訴我們如何去操縱我們的夢,使之變好。所以,選擇D。至于A,錯在它只是專家建議中的一個步驟。B 、C也錯,尤其是C,與專家建議背道而馳。
35.[答案] A
[解析]"對有時做噩夢的人,專家建議什么?"信號詞是sometimes,有時做,說明是正常人,有時不做,故選A即可。而那些持續(xù)做噩夢者才應該選B。C適用于反復出現(xiàn)的噩夢,D文中則未提到。
在晚上能睡一個好覺的諸多要素中,夢是我們最無法控制的因素。在夢中,我們走進一個毫無邏輯、死人都能說話的世界。一個世紀前,弗洛伊德開創(chuàng)了他革命性的理論,即,夢是我們潛意識里愿望和恐懼偽裝的影子。到了20世紀70年代,神經(jīng)學專家又轉而把夢視作"精神上的雜音"--睡夢中神經(jīng)修復工作的隨機性副產(chǎn)品。現(xiàn)在,研究人員懷疑,夢是大腦調節(jié)情感的一部分,當大腦"下班"時,夢能調控情緒。一位的權威說做夢這些精密的強有力的大腦事件,不僅可以利用,而且還可以有意識的加以控制,以達到有助睡眠和感覺良好的目的。芝加哥醫(yī)療中心心理部主任Rosalind Cartwright指出"這是你的夢,你不喜歡它,你可以改變它"。
來自大腦掃描成像的證據(jù)支持了這一觀點。匹茲堡大學的Eric Nofzinger博士說:人處于快速眼球移動睡眠狀態(tài)時,會做非常生動的夢,大腦此時也最為活躍,就像人是完全清醒似的。但并不是所有大腦的部位都參與活動;控制感性體系的大腦部位異?;钴S,然而控制理性的大腦部位卻相對平靜。斯坦福大學睡眠研究員William Dement博士說"當我們從令人高興或沮喪的睡夢中醒后,這些感覺會伴隨我們一天"。
睡夢與情感的關聯(lián)在Cartwright診所的病人中也有所表現(xiàn)。大多數(shù)人在前半夜做噩夢,而快醒時轉成好夢,這說明他們在夢中正在努力化解白天所產(chǎn)生的消極情緒。因為,我們清醒時的大腦裝滿了日常生活的各種事物,我們對白天發(fā)生的事并不進行情感意義的思考,只有在夢中,才這樣思考。
但這一過程沒有必要留給潛意識處理,Cartwright認為一個人可以通過練習來控制反復出現(xiàn)的噩夢。當你一覺醒來,首先弄清夢是什么使你不安。想像你想讓它(這種夢)如何結束,下一次再發(fā)生時,設法及時醒來以控制夢的進程。實際上,通過大量練習,人們在睡眠中可以學會這樣做的。
Cartwright說,一天快結束時,我們根本沒有什么理由來關注夢,除非它使我們難以入眠或使我們在恐懼中驚醒??植阑顒?、不穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟和一般意義的不安全感都會增加人們的憂慮。長期受噩夢困擾的人應該去找專家看看。其他人呢,大腦自有辦法來處理不好的感受,繼續(xù)睡眠或做夢吧,第二天早上你感覺更好一點。
31. 研究人員最終認識到夢。
[A] 可以改變其過程
[B] 對情感變化很敏感
[C] 反映了我們內心的愿望和恐懼
[D] 是神經(jīng)修復工作隨機性的結果
32. 提到limbic system作者是要指出。
[A] 它在做夢時的作用
[B] 眼球快速運動時睡眠的機制
[C] 夢與感性之間的關系
[D] 它與控制智力和理智大腦部位的區(qū)別
33. 白天生成的消極情緒。
[A] 在潛意識的夢里會加劇
[B] 會轉化成好夢
[C] 會持續(xù)到我們睡著
[D] 會出現(xiàn)在上半夜的夢中
34. Cartwright看來認為。
[A] 及時醒來在化解噩夢中很關鍵
[B] 回憶噩夢有助于控制它們
[C] 讓夢順其自然
[D] 夢并不完全屬于潛意識
35. Cartwright對那些有時做噩夢的人建議是。
[A] 跟往常一樣過正常生活
[B] 尋求專業(yè)幫助
[C] 練習控制意識
[D] 白天盡量避免焦慮
TEXT 4
Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John Mcwhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.
Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. Mcwhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom", for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case endings of Old English.
But the cult of the authentic and the personal, "doing our own thing," has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. Mcwhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old fashioned to most English speakers. Mr. Mcwhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical educational reforms-he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English "on paper plates instead of china." A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.
36. According to Mcwhorter, the decline of formal English .
[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms
[B] is but all too natural in language development
[C] has caused the controversy over the counter culture
[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s
37. The word "talking" (Line 5, Paragraph 3) denotes .
[A] modesty
[B] personality
[C] liveliness
[D] informality
38. To which of the following statements would Mcwhorter most likely agree?
[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.
[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.
[C] Nonstandard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.
[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.
39. The description of Russians love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s .
[A] interest in their language
[B] appreciation of their efforts
[C] admiration for their memory
[D] contempt for their old fashionedness
40. According to the last paragraph, "paper plates" is to "china" as .
[A] "temporary" is to "permanent"
[B] "radical" is to "conservative"
[C] "functional" is to "artistic"
[D] "humble" is to "noble"
academic7 a.①學校的,學院的;②學術的;n.學者,大學教師
acknowledge4 v.①承認,認為;②致謝;③確認
argue19 v.①爭論,辯論;②認為,主張,論證;③說服
array2 n.①一系列,大量;②排列;v.排列
artistic1 a.藝術(家)的,美術(家)的
aspire1 vi.熱望,立志
attitude14 n.①(to,towards)態(tài)度,看法;②姿勢
authentic2 a.可信的
author69 n.①作者;②創(chuàng)始人
capture4 n.捕獲,俘虜;v.①吸引(注意);②記錄;③俘虜
cause28 n.①原因,理由;②事業(yè),事件,奮斗目標;v.使產(chǎn)生,引起
claim12 v.①要求;②聲稱,主張;③索賠;n.①要求;②主張,斷言;③索賠;④權利,要求權,所有權
command2 n.①命令,指令;②統(tǒng)帥,指揮(權);③掌握,運用能力;v.①命令,要求;②指揮,統(tǒng)帥;③掌握,控制
complex7 a.①復雜的;②合成的,綜合的;n.聯(lián)合體
conservative5 a.保守的,守舊的;n.保守主義者
contempt4 n.輕蔑,藐視
controversy1 n.爭論,爭辯
convey3 v.①運送,搬運,轉運;②傳達,傳播
counter1 n.①柜臺;②計數(shù)器;a./ad.相反(的);v.反對,反擊
craft3 n.①工藝,手藝,技巧;②飛機,飛船;③行業(yè);v.精工制作
criticism4 n.批評,評論
culture21 n.①修養(yǎng),教養(yǎng);②文化,文明
decline14 v./n.①下傾,下降,下垂,衰落;②斜面,傾斜;v.拒絕,謝絕
denote2 v.表示,意味著
description6 n.①描寫,形容;②種類
dialect1 n.方言
document1 n.公文,文獻;vt.記載,證明
educate6 v.教育,培養(yǎng),訓練
elaborate3 a.詳盡的,精心的;v.精心制作,詳細闡述
elevate2 v.抬起,升高
ending1 n.結尾,結局
fashion6 n.①流行式樣(或貨品),風尚,風氣;②樣子,方式;vt.形成,制作,塑造
figure10 n.①體形;②數(shù)字;③圖形;④人物;v.(out)算出,估計,推測
formal3 a.①正式的;②形式的
gradual2 a.逐漸的,逐步的
grieve1 v.使悲傷,使傷心
humble2 a.①謙卑的,恭順的;②低下的,卑微的;v.降低,貶抑
illustrate6 v.①舉例說明,闡明;②圖解,加插圖
inevitable5 a.不可避免的,必然發(fā)生的
liberal3 a.①慷慨的,大方的;②豐富的,富足的;③自由的,思想開朗的
logical4 a.①邏輯的,符合邏輯的;②必然的
oral1 a.口頭的
permanent1 a.永久的,持久的
personality9 n.①人格,個性;②人物,名人
poetry6 n.詩歌,詩集
politician2 n.政治家,政客
propose4 v.①提議,建議;②提名,推薦;③求婚
radical5 a.①基本的,根本的;②激進的,極端的
reform8 v./n.改革,改造,改良
relate12 v.①敘述,講述;②使互相關聯(lián);③與...有關(系)
responsible11 a.①(for,to)應負責的,有責任的;②可靠的,可信賴的;③責任重大的,重要的
speaker6 n.說話人,演講人,揚聲器
spell2 v.①拼寫;②導致,招致;n.一段時間
statement7 n.聲明,陳述
temporary3 a.暫時的,臨時的
tend26 v.①趨向,往往是;②照料,看護
tone2 n.①音調,音色;②風氣,氣氛;③腔調,語氣;④色調
trend12 n.傾向,趨勢;v.伸向,傾向
triumph4 n.勝利,成功;v.得勝,戰(zhàn)勝
view28 n.①景象,風景;②觀點,見解;③觀察,觀看;④眼界;v.看待,觀察,考慮
writing9 n.①寫,寫作;②著作,作品
according47 ad.依照,根據(jù)
appreciation1 n.感謝,感激,正確評價,欣賞,增值
chunk1 n.大塊,相當大的數(shù)量
controversialist1 n.爭論者,好爭論者
cult1 n.①宗派;②崇拜;③時尚
degradation1 n.降級,降格,退化
disappearance1 n.消失
entertaining2 a.①使人愉快的;②有趣的
expressive2 a.有表現(xiàn)力的,富于表情的
fashionedness1 n.樣式,風格
functional2 a.功能的
genre1 n.類型,流派
informality1 n.非正式
latest8 a.最近的
linguist5 n.語言學家
liveliness1 n.活潑
memorize3 v.記住,記憶
modestly1 ad.謹慎地,適當?shù)?BR> modesty1 n.謙遜,虛心
performative1 a.富有表現(xiàn)力的
permissive1 a.許可的,自由的,放縱的
powerfully1 ad.強大地,強烈地
regrettable1 a.可惜的
speciality1 n.特性,特質
spontaneity1 n.自發(fā)性
subtitle1 n.副標題,小標題
難句1
In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John Mcwhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.
[結構分析]
1. 本句主干結構是:...John Mcwhorter...see...as...;
2. a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views是對John Mcwhorter身份的介紹,是插入語;
[本句難點]本句比較長,且含有插入語影響理解;
[方法對策]首先找出句子的主干,對于插入語,第一次閱讀可以忽略不讀,注意主句中有see...as...(把......看成......)的結構;
[例句精譯]語言學家約翰·麥克沃特喜好爭論,他的觀點混雜著保守派與自由派的看法,在他的近作《做我們自己的事,語言和音樂的退化:我們干嗎在乎?!》一書中,這位學者認為20世紀60年代反文化運動的勝利要對正式英語的退化負責。
難句2
Mr. Mcwhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom", for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case endings of Old English.
[結構分析]
1. 本句為and連接的兩個分句;
2. and前為第一個分句;and后為第二個分句,主干為:he sees the...disappearance of "whom" to be;
[本句難點]主要是第二個分句不好理解,其中還包含一個no more...than...(同......一樣不......)的結構;
[方法對策]首先根據(jù)連接詞and找出兩個分句,然后找出后一個分句的主干,在分析其他成分;
[例句精譯]麥克沃特先生的學術專長在于語言史和語言變化,舉例來說,他認為"whom"一詞的逐漸消失是很自然的,并不比舊式英語中詞格的消失更讓人惋惜。
難句3
While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.
[結構分析]
1. 本句主干結構是:...the most well regarded writing...has sought to capture spoken English;
2. 逗號前面為while引導的狀語從句,其中包含一個when引導的時間狀語從句;
[本句難點]主要是從句關系復雜;
[方法對策]本句為狀語從句+主句結構,分別找出主句和從句的主干結構,就比較好理解了;the modestly educated:受過一般教育的人;elevated:崇高的,高雅的;
[例句精譯]在60年代以前,甚至僅受過一般教育的人在下筆時都要尋求一種更高雅的腔調,但在那之后,即使是關注的文章也開始把口語用于寫作。
難句4
As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.
[結構分析]
1. 本句主干為:...he acknowledges + that引導的賓語從句;
2. 賓語從句的主干結構是:all varieties of human language...can be powerfully expressive;
3. 兩個逗號之間的部分為插入語,對all varieties of human language進行補充說明;
4.破折號后面是對賓語從句進行補充說明,其中包含一個that引導的定語從句,修飾no language or dialect;
[本句難點]本句句子結構、從句關系均比較復雜;
[方法對策]首先抓住主句主干,然后再分析賓語從句主干,對于插入語和破折號后面的補充說明部分第一遍閱讀可以不看,這樣就比較容易把握句子整體,然后再分析從句和其他修飾成分;
[例句精譯]作為一位語言學家,他承認多種多樣的人類語言,包括那些非標準的語言,比如黑人英語,都具有極強的表達力--世上沒有傳達不了復雜思想的語言和方言。
難句5
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old fashioned to most Englishspeakers.
[結構分析]
1. 本句是while連接的兩個分句;
2. 第一個分句主語是Russians,謂語是and連接的并列謂語have和carry,然后分別帶自己的賓語部分;
3. 第二個分句包含一個that引導的定語從句,修飾elaborate speech;
[本句難點]句子結構復雜;
[方法對策]根據(jù)while把句子分成兩部分,然后再分析各自的主干部分,就可以理解本句內容;
[例句精譯]俄羅斯人深愛著他們自己的語言,并在他們的腦海中存儲了大量詩歌,而意大利的政客們卻更傾向于精心準備的演講,雖然這在大多數(shù)講英語的人們眼里已經(jīng)過時。
難句6
Mr.Mcwhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical educational reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.
[結構分析]
1. 本句句子主干是:Mr. Mcwhorter acknowledges that...and proposes no radical educational reforms...;
2. 逗號前包含一個that引導的賓語從句;
3. 破折號后面是對前面內容的補充說明;
[本句難點]主要是從句關系復雜,以及破折號后面more than的理解;
[方法對策]首先分析出主句的主干; A more than B:此處為"肯定A,否定B"的結構,可以理解為"與其說是B,不如說是A";
[例句精譯]麥克沃特先生認為正式英語并非不可或缺,他也沒有提出激烈的教育改革--他其實只是在哀痛美麗的喪失而非實用的丟失。
36.[答案] B
[解析]這是一篇語言學方面的文章,講述了英語的演變。作者既認為今不如昔(正如中文的白話文不如文言文那樣深刻、濃烈、優(yōu)雅一樣,英文也今不如昔),又認為事物的進化是一種自然現(xiàn)象,是不可避免的,讓我們走自己的路好了,何必在乎?!
僅根據(jù)第一段作者Mcwhorter書的副標題why we should like,care(我們干嗎在乎?!)即可以看出B為正確答案。A、D選項與文章意思不符,而C在文中并未提及。
37.[答案] D
[解析]文章中講了"talking is triumphing speaking,spontaneity over craft"(說話正在戰(zhàn)勝講話,隨意語言正在取代技巧語言),因此可知talking代表informal,(白話文正在取勝)。A、B、C則與文章內容不符。
38.[答案] A
[解析]問Mcwhorter的看法。只要準確理解第四段末句,即可選對A。
39.[答案] B
[解析]此題問作者對俄國人背誦大量古詩詞持一種什么態(tài)度?文章末段說Mcwhorter為語言優(yōu)美的喪失而痛苦(grieving),又說這喪失是一種shame,故知作者對俄國人的作法是贊成的。
40.[答案] C
[解析]問末段"紙碟子"與"瓷盤子"的關系是指什么?C是選項:人們用白話文表達思想,能起作用就行了(functional),不像古人那樣精致、藝術,使用工整、對仗的語言來表達思想(artistic),那簡直是一只"瓷盤子"。
美國人不再期望公眾人物在演講或寫作文章之時可以巧妙地、富有天分地使用英語了,而他們自己本身也不奢望自己能夠做到這一點。語言學家約翰·麥克沃特喜好爭論,他的觀點混雜著保守派與自由派的看法,在他的近作《做我們自己的事,語言和音樂的退化:我們干嗎在乎?!》一書中,這位學者認為20世紀60年代反文化運動的勝利要對正式英語的退化負責。
怪罪放縱的60年代并不新鮮,但這并不是另一份批評教育滑坡的長篇大論。麥克沃特先生的學術專長在于語言史和語言變化,舉例來說,他認為"whom"一詞的逐漸消失是很自然的,并不比舊式英語中詞格的消失更讓人惋惜。
然而,"做我們自己的事"--這一對事物真實性和個性的崇拜信條,已經(jīng)給正式的演講、寫作、詩歌和音樂畫上了句號。在60年代以前,甚至僅受過一般教育的人在下筆時都要尋求一種更高雅的腔調,但在那之后,即使是關注的文章也開始把口語用于寫作。同樣,在詩歌領域,惟一能夠具有真正活力的就是那種高度個人化和富有表現(xiàn)力的文學形式。無論作為口語還是書面語言的英語,說話勝過了講話,而自由發(fā)揮也勝過了精心準備。
麥克沃特先生從上層和下層文化中列舉了一系列有趣的例子,從中我們可以看出他所記錄的這種趨勢不可避免。但考慮到其副標題所提的問題:我們干嗎在乎?!答案還不夠明白。作為一位語言學家,他承認多種多樣的人類語言,包括那些非標準的語言,比如黑人英語,都具有極強的表達力--世上沒有傳達不了復雜思想的語言和方言。不像其他大多數(shù)人,麥克沃特先生并不認為我們說話方式不規(guī)范就不能使我們直接思考。
俄羅斯人深愛著他們自己的語言,并在他們的腦海中存儲了大量詩歌,而意大利的政客們卻更傾向于精心準備的演講,雖然這在大多數(shù)講英語的人們眼里已經(jīng)過時。麥克沃特先生認為正式英語并非不可或缺,他也沒有提出激烈的教育改革--他其實只是在哀痛美麗的喪失而非實用的丟失。也許我們現(xiàn)在是用"紙盤子而非瓷盤子"盛著我們的英語大餐。這也許令人羞愧,但可能是不可避免的事。
36. 麥克沃特先生認為,正式英語的衰落。
[A] 是在激烈的教育改革中不可避免的事
[B] 是在語言發(fā)展中再自然不過的事了
[C] 已經(jīng)造成了反文化運動中的對立
[D] 引起了20世紀60年代公眾態(tài)度的變化
37. 單詞"talking"(第3段,第6行)的意思是。
[A] 謙虛
[B] 個性化
[C] 具有活力
[D] 非正式
38. McWhorter最可能會贊同下面哪種說法?
[A] 邏輯思維和我們談話方式?jīng)]有必然的聯(lián)系。
[B] 黑人英語比標準英語更有表達力。
[C] 非標準的語言種類如同兒戲。
[D] 在所有類別的語言中,標準語言最能表達復雜的思維。
39. 描述俄羅斯人喜歡記憶詩歌說明作者。
[A] 對他們的語言感興趣
[B] 贊賞他們的努力
[C] 羨慕他們的記憶
[D] 輕視他們的守舊
40. 根據(jù)最后一段,紙盤子相對瓷盤子是。
[A] 臨時與永恒
[B] 激進與保守
[C] 實用與藝術
[D] 卑微與高尚
TEXT 1
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s "personal search agent". It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. "I struck gold," says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in house counsel for a company.
With thousands of career related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be timeconsuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: "Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility." says one expert.
For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept-what you think you want to do-then broaden it. "None of these programs do that," says another expert. "There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this." Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. "I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me," says the author of a job searching guide.
Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs-those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them-and they do. "On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic," says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.
Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. "You always keep your eyes open," he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.
41. How did Redmon find his job?
[A] By searching openings in a job database.
[B] By posting a matching position in a database.
[C] By using a special service of a database.
[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.
42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
[A] Lack of counseling.
[B] Limited number of visits.
[C] Lower efficiency.
[D] Fewer successful matches.
43. The expression " tip service " (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means .
[A] advisory
[B] compensation
[C] interaction
[D] reminder
44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
[A] To focus on better job matches.
[B] To attract more returning visits.
[C] To reserve space for more messages.
[D] To increase the rate of success.
45. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job hunters.
[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.
[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.
[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.
agent11 n.代理商(人),代表
attract2 v.吸引,招引,引誘,引起(注意等)
author69 n.①作者;②創(chuàng)始人
career11 n.①生涯,經(jīng)歷;②專業(yè),職業(yè)
compensation3 n.補償,賠償
concept15 n.概念,觀念,思想
consume5 v.消費,消費,耗盡
counsel1 v./n.勸告,忠告;n.法律顧問,辯護人
criterion2 n.([pl.]criteria)標準,準則
database6 n.數(shù)據(jù)庫,資料庫
drawback1 n.欠缺,缺點
efficiency5 n.①效率;②功效
eliminate5 v.消除
employer4 n.雇主
expert14 n.專家,能手;a.①熟練的,有經(jīng)驗的;②專門的,專家的
expression9 n.①表達,表示;②短語,詞句,措詞;③式,符號
feature9 n.①特征,特色;②(報紙或雜志)特寫;③容貌,面貌;v.給顯著地位
focus12 n.焦點,(活動,興趣等的)中心;v.(on/upon)使聚集,集中
helpful4 a.(to)有幫助的,有益的,有用的
hunt4 v./n.①打獵,獵取;②(for)搜索;③尋找
implicit2 a.①不言明的,含蓄的;②(in)固有的;③無疑問的;④無保留的
indispensable2 a.(to,for)必不可少的,必需的
information44 n.①通知,報告;②情報,信息
intellectual19 n.知識分子
legal11 a.①法律的,法定的;②合法的,正當?shù)?BR> limited9 a.有限的,被限制的
location4 n.位置,場所
lower9 a.較低的,下級的,下游的;v.降下,放低
maintain9 v.①維修,保養(yǎng);②維持,保持;③堅持,主張,支持
narrow5 a.狹窄的,狹隘的;v.①限制,限定;②變窄,收縮
negotiate5 v.談判,交涉,商議
opening3 n.①口子,孔;②開始,開端;③空缺,機會;a.開始的,開幕的
option3 n.選項,選擇權,買賣的特權
possibility5 n.①可能,可能性;②可能的事,希望
post3 v.①貼出;②宣布,公告;③投寄,郵寄;n.①(支)柱,標桿;②郵政,郵寄;③職位,崗位,哨所
potential13 a.潛在的,可能的;潛能,潛力
promising2 a.有希望的,有前途的
property6 n.①財產(chǎn),資產(chǎn),所有物;②性質,特性
rate31 n.①比率,率;②等級;③價格,費用;v.①估價;②評級,評價
relate12 v.①敘述,講述;②使互相關聯(lián);③與...有關(系)
rely6 v.①(on)依賴,依靠;②信賴,信任
reserve2 n.①儲備(物),儲藏量,儲備金;②緘默,謹慎;v.①保留,儲備;②預定,預約
resume1 v.①再繼續(xù),重新開始;②重新占用,再用;③恢復;n.簡歷
salary4 n.①薪金,薪水;②發(fā)薪水,付薪水
site9 n.位置,場所,地點
strategy6 n.戰(zhàn)略,策略
stumble1 n.①跌倒;②錯誤;v.①跌倒;②犯錯;③偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)
tempt1 v.①誘惑,引誘;②吸引,使感興趣
title6 n.①書名,標題;②頭銜,稱號
trace4 n.①痕跡,蹤跡;②極少量,微量;v.①描繪;②跟蹤,追蹤;③追溯,探索
traffic2 n.交通,交通量
vice3 n.①邪惡,壞事;②惡習;③[pl.]臺鉗,老虎鉗;a.副的
worthwhile4 a.值得(做)的
abreast1 ad.并肩地,并排地
according47 ad.依照,根據(jù)
advisory2 a.顧問的,咨詢的,勸告的
counseling2 n.咨詢服務
disadvantage6 n.不利,缺點,劣勢;v.①使處于不利地位;②損害
hunter2 n.獵人
inefficient2 a.效率低的,效率差的,(指人)不能勝任的,無能的
interaction4 n.交互作用
interactive1 a.交互式的
keyword1 n.關鍵字
mailing3 n.郵寄,郵件
notification1 n.通知,布告,告示
reminder3 n.提醒的人,暗示
難句1
It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.
[結構分析]
1. 本句是It is...that...強調句型,強調的是本句的主語:an interactive feature;
2. 句中when引導的從句作狀語;
[本句難點]注意這是強調句型;
[方法對策]理解強調部分是該句的主語;key在此處作動詞用,意為"鍵入,輸入";
[例句精譯]該代理器的特點是互動,允許訪問者鍵入一些求職要求諸如工作地點、職位和薪水,然后幫你盯著,當網(wǎng)上出現(xiàn)與你個人要求相匹配的工作崗位時它馬上自動把你的條件用Email發(fā)出去幫你找,然后再通知你。
41.[答案] C
[解析]這是一篇利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來尋找工作的科普性小文章。律師雷德曼上網(wǎng)找工作未果,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個叫做"個人搜索代理器"的工具。該"代理器"能讓訪客鍵入自己的求職條件然后幫你盯著,一旦網(wǎng)上張貼出符合你要求的職位時,馬上自動把你的條件email發(fā)過去,幫你找工作。由此可知C為正確答案。至于A:Redmon自己找;B:Redmon自已去張貼帖子,甚至D:把個人簡歷Email給網(wǎng)站,都是極端錯誤的。真實的情況是:"代理器"把他的條件與華盛頓老板聯(lián)系上之后又通知了他。之后,他親自把簡歷Email給老板(而不是給網(wǎng)站)才找到工作的。第一段很難,不僅有詞匯方面的原因,如:post張貼;notification通知; opening機遇;也有句子結構上的問題,如句子:It has an interactive feature后邊that lets sb.do sth.and then,Emails them,注意后面that從句中兩個并列謂語lets...and Emails...均為代理器的功能和特性。
42.[答案] A
[解析]不用看第二段,就可以大致猜到答案為A,因為這種"代理器"B: 限制上網(wǎng)訪客的數(shù)量,C:效率很低,D:幫你成功地找到相對應的工作并不多。文章中均未提及,而它的惟一缺點是無法與之交流協(xié)商。你輸進去你對工作的要求條件,它來為你找相應工作。至于協(xié)商則辦不到。這從以下幾段也可以看出。
43.[答案] D
[解析]這是一道詞匯題,切記詞匯題看上下文尤其是下文。有人可能問:不是說照抄原文的不是答案嗎?怎么下文有reminder,答案也選reminder呢?注意,不抄原文是指細節(jié)題,(比如41題第一段原文是"個人搜索代理器",選項則是一種"特別的服務器")但詞匯題不受此限制。
44.[答案] B
[解析]就剩下兩段了,也就剩下兩個問題了。所以,分段查找式閱讀非常精準。第四段首句即提到:"有些網(wǎng)站設計他們的代理器是為了誘惑求職者返回來(以此提高自己的點擊率)"接著舉了一些例子。所以,問題:"為什么有那么多的工作,而代理器每次只給求職者提供三個?"顯然是為了吸引你重新回來了。故選B。此處,把原文的tempt換成了同義詞attract。細節(jié)題經(jīng)常如此。
45.[答案] C
[解析]A說這種代理器對求職者必不可少。錯,求職有許多方法,比如參加招聘會,登廣告等等,不見得非用代理器。B和D也沒提到。根據(jù)末段,選C。
去年年末,甘特·雷德曼律師在找工作時偶然在網(wǎng)上發(fā)現(xiàn)一個叫做"職業(yè)開創(chuàng)者"的網(wǎng)站。他找來找去并沒有找到什么工作,但被這個網(wǎng)上的"個人搜索代理器"所吸引。該代理器的特點是互動,允許訪問者鍵入一些求職要求諸如工作地點、職位和薪水,然后幫你盯著,當網(wǎng)上出現(xiàn)與你個人要求相匹配的工作崗位時它馬上自動把你的條件用E-mail發(fā)出去幫你找,然后再通知你。雷德曼選擇關鍵詞"法律"、"知識產(chǎn)權"和"華盛頓特區(qū)"幾個詞。過了三個星期,他接到第一份有職位空缺的通知。"我掘到了金子,"雷德曼說,然后他把個人簡歷用電子郵件寄給了雇主,接著就得到了一份公司內部顧問的職務。
因特網(wǎng)上有成千上萬個與求職相關的網(wǎng)址,尋找好的工作崗位費時低效。有了搜索代理器,就沒必要頻繁地去網(wǎng)上查找了。不過,雖然有一個搜索代理器成功地為雷德曼找到了工作,就業(yè)專家卻還是認為搜索代理器并不盡如人意。比如個人求職要求越具體明確就有可能對你越不利,一位專家說:"你每回答一次問題你就喪失一次機會。"
尋找任何職業(yè),你都要從一個狹窄的概念開始,即你想干什么工作,然后再加以擴展。有一位專家說:"任何這些程序中都沒有那種擴展功能,所有這一切都不包含職業(yè)咨詢。"相反,的策略是把代理器當作一種提示服務來及時跟蹤某一網(wǎng)址里的工作崗位信息;當你收到電子郵件時,你就把它當作一種提醒再去查一查該網(wǎng)站。一位職業(yè)搜索指南的作者說:"我不會依賴代理器在網(wǎng)上增加的每一項內容里去逐一尋找可能令我感興趣的東西。"
一些網(wǎng)站用設計的代理器來吸引求職者回訪。比如,當求職網(wǎng)代理器向注冊服務的用戶發(fā)送信息時,它只提供三個它認為最可能匹配的崗位。在資料數(shù)據(jù)庫里可能還有更多的匹配項;求職者于是只好再次訪問這個網(wǎng)址來尋找,求職者確實如此做了。求職網(wǎng)銷售副總裁塞思·皮茨說:"我們發(fā)送這些信息的當天訪問量就急劇增長。"
即使非求職的人士也會發(fā)現(xiàn)搜索代理器很有用。有些人利用搜索代理器密切觀察對于本行業(yè)的需求或搜集有關加薪的信息以備增薪談判時胸有成竹。雷德曼雖然已愉快就職,但他依舊保持著與"職業(yè)開創(chuàng)者"網(wǎng)代理器的聯(lián)系。他說:"你要永遠睜大眼睛。"使用個人搜索代理等于多一雙眼睛替你在觀察。
41. 雷德曼是怎樣找到工作的?
[A] 在一個網(wǎng)站上搜尋空缺職位。
[B] 通過在一個網(wǎng)站中張貼匹配的職業(yè)。
[C] 利用網(wǎng)站上的特殊服務器。
[D] 通過電郵他的履歷到一個網(wǎng)站。
42. 下面哪項可能是搜索代理器的不利條件?
[A] 缺乏跟它的商議溝通的能力。
[B] 限制上網(wǎng)者的數(shù)量。
[C] 低的效率。
[D] 幫你成功地找到相對應的工作并不多。
43. 短語"tip service"(第三段第三行)最可能的意思是。
[A] 忠告
[B] 補貼
[C] 互相作用
[D] 提示
44. 為什么CareerSite的代理器只給每名求職者提供三種工作選擇?
[A] 為了關注更合適的工作。
[B] 為了吸引更多的人回訪。
[C] 為了給更多的信息保留空間。
[D] 為了提高成功率。
45. 根據(jù)本文的觀點,下面哪項正確?
[A] 對于求職者來說,個人搜索工具必不可少。
[B] 一些網(wǎng)站不停地給求職者發(fā)電子郵件以便挖掘他們的需求。
[C] 對于已經(jīng)找到工作的人來說,個人搜索代理也很有用。
[D] 一旦人們找到工作,一些搜索器就會停止給他們發(fā)送信息。