相似詞語辨析【59】each和every

字號:

each,every
    這兩個詞都有“每個”的意思,詞義相近,但內(nèi)涵和使用場合有所不同。
    (一)each既可作形容詞,又可作代詞;every只能作形容詞。例:
    Each participant may try twice.(adj.)
    每個參與者可嘗試兩次。
    Each of them has done his work.(pron.)
    他們各自干了自己的工作。
    Every member has a share in the profits made by the company.(adj.)
    每個會員可分享公司的盈利。
    (二)each表示“各自”的意味,指一個整體中的個別人或事物;every表示“每個”之意,含有“全體”、“全部”之意味,因此,我們可以說:
    Every boy was there and each did his part.
    每個男孩都出席并各盡其力。
    從此例可見,every是從“整體”來看;而each是從“個別”來看。
    (三)each用于兩個或兩個以上的人或事物;every 用于三個或三個以上的人或事物。例:
    The pavement on each side is crowded with pedestrians.
    每邊的行人道上擠滿路人。
    I enjoy every minute of the party.
    聯(lián)歡會的每一分鐘我都玩得很痛快。
    (四)在each和every通用的場合里,every的語氣比each重,例如在下句中,用every比較適合,因為它的語勢較強:
    Every form of society,every way of thinking has its particular contradiction and particular quality.
    每一種社會形態(tài)和每一種思想形式,都有它的特殊的矛盾和特殊的性質(zhì)。
    (五)有時候,人們?yōu)榱思又卣Z氣,故意把each和every用在一起。例如:
    The professor wants each and every student to be present before eight o'clock.
    值得注意的是,each不可以和否定式的動詞連用,例如,我們不可以說:Each did not succeed.而應(yīng)說:
    Each failed.
    表示 each的否定涵義用語是:neither,no one或 not every one.如:
    Neither(or Not every one)of them was in good health.