（二）解題類型及應(yīng)試技巧
（1） 主題思想常見提問方式及答題技巧
主題思想題在考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高，因為這類題可考查考生抓主要信息的能力，而能夠抓住文章的主要信息又是閱讀能力的一個極為重要的方面。
這類題在設(shè)題時常會用到title， subject， main idea ， topic， theme等詞。常見的提問形式有以下幾種：
What is the main idea of the passage？
Which of the following would be the best title？
What‘s the best title for the passage？
The main idea of the passage is that _____.
This passage tells us _____.
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage？
What does the passage mainly discuss？
做這類題時常用略讀法，把注意力放在抓主要信息上，不去過分注意細(xì)節(jié)事實，否則會造成“只見樹木，不見森林”的結(jié)果。通常的辦法是，快速閱讀文章時注意找出各段主題句。英文文章各段主題句常放在段首，有時也放在段尾或段落中間，有時不明確寫出，通讀文章后把各段主題句聯(lián)系起來，一般就能得出文章主題。
就整篇文章來講，首段和尾段一般對于解這類題更為重要。我們以97年統(tǒng)考試卷中閱讀理解部分的第一篇文章為例：
How often one hears children wishing they were grown up， and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains， and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.
Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents， he is fed， looked after and loved ，whatever he may do .It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return .In addition ，life is always presenting new things to the child——things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-know. But a child has his pains： he is not so free to do what he wishes to do； he is continually being told not to do things， or being punished for what he has done wrong.
When the young man starts to earn his own living， he can no longer expect others to pay for his food， his clothes， and his room， but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child， he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents， he may go to prison. If however， he works hard， keeps out of trouble and has good health， he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.
文章后面第四個問題是：
The main idea of the passage is that _____.
A. life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains
B. young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hard
C. childhood is the most enjoyable time in one‘s life
D. one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life
文章的第一段講的是人們常聽說孩子們盼著長大成人，老年人則希望返老還童。人生的每個階段總是歡樂伴著苦惱，而最幸福的人則是那些既享受人生每一階段所帶來的歡樂，又沒有因虛度年華而終生后悔的人。第二段講述了一個人兒童時代的歡樂與苦惱，第三段則告訴讀者青年人的責(zé)任與義務(wù)，機遇和挑戰(zhàn)。從以上三段文字來看，第一段中第二句即是主題句，所以我們應(yīng)選D為正確答案。
（2） 主要事實和細(xì)節(jié)題設(shè)題思路及答題技巧
主要事實和細(xì)節(jié)題就是我們平時所說的由who ，what ，where ，when ，why ，which ，how引出的問題。這是極為常見的閱讀理解題。這類題主要是針對論證支持主題的事實或例證設(shè)題，可能涉及數(shù)學(xué)計算、概念理解以及是非判斷等。
這類題的方法一般是先用尋讀法找出與問題相關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)部分進行細(xì)讀，找出問題答案。
這類題提問的形式多種多樣，常見的有以下幾種：
Which of the following （statements） is Not mentioned in the passage？
According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？
According to the passage， all of the following are true except _____
How many…？
What…？
Why…？
解這類題時，審題是關(guān)鍵，首先一定得看清問題。比如一句結(jié)論性的話后邊到底是…is true，還是is not true.另外，由于細(xì)節(jié)題比較容易，有時為了增加測試難度，命題人員在題干或選項中要增加一些文字或意義上的干擾。所以考生很少能在原文中找到一模一樣的現(xiàn)成答案。
我們引用2002年試題為例。
On November 19， 1863， Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett， a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.
It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night， alone in his hotel room and tired out， he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15，000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked ， “I have failed again.” On the train back to Washington， he said sadly， “That speech was a flat failure， and the people are disappointed.”
Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But little by little as people read the speech they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.
Today， every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history.
文章的最后一題是：
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？
A. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address has deep meaning.
B. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is simple in style.
C. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is memorized by every American schoolchild.
D. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is the greatest speech ever delivered in the United States.
答案可以在文章的第三段和第四段找到?！八难葜v含義深刻、風(fēng)格簡樸；如今美國所有的在校的學(xué)生都能背誦他的演講”；文章中他談到：“現(xiàn)在所有的人都認(rèn)為他的演講是美國歷的演講之一。”而不是美國的演講。所以D是錯誤的。
（3） 推理性試題常見提問方式及答題技巧
推理性試題大多含有infer ，imply ，suggest ，conclude，（most）probably等關(guān)鍵詞。以下是一些常見的提問方式：
It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
The passage implies that _____.
The passage suggests that _____.
What is implied in the passage？
The paragraph following （proceeding） this passage probably will discuss （discusses）_____.
推理性試題不能從文章中直接找到答案。解這類題需要考生在正確理解原文語言字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，運用邏輯推理的方法去理解文章字里行間的意義。對原文中找到的所有相關(guān)信息要進行仔細(xì)分析，摸清它們相互之間時間、方位、因果、對比等邏輯關(guān)系，在此基礎(chǔ)上進行綜合推理，選定答案。
我們?nèi)砸?002年試題中的閱讀理解文章為例。
On November 19， 1863， Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett， a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.
It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night alone in his hotel room and tired out， he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15，000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked ， “I have failed again.” On the train back to Washington， he said sadly， “That speech was a flat failure， and the people are disappointed.”
Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But little by little as people read the speech they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.
Today， every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history.
文章后面的第五題就是一個推理性試題。
It can be inferred from the text that _____.
A. Lincoln prepared his speech very carefully before he went to Gettysburg
B. Lincoln was very busy at the time and didn't have much time to prepare his speech
C. Lincoln's speech was full of rich words
D. Lincoln's speech was very long
文章的第二段有這樣的話：“It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night， alone in his hotel room and tired out， he again worked briefly on the speech.”“據(jù)說林肯是在去葛底斯堡的火車上準(zhǔn)備他的演講的。那天深夜，在賓館的房間里，他既孤獨又疲倦，只是又簡單準(zhǔn)備了一下。”所以通過這些句子我們可以判斷林肯非常的忙，沒有更多的時間準(zhǔn)備他的演講，B是正確答案。A， C， D，均不符合文章的內(nèi)容。
（1） 主題思想常見提問方式及答題技巧
主題思想題在考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高，因為這類題可考查考生抓主要信息的能力，而能夠抓住文章的主要信息又是閱讀能力的一個極為重要的方面。
這類題在設(shè)題時常會用到title， subject， main idea ， topic， theme等詞。常見的提問形式有以下幾種：
What is the main idea of the passage？
Which of the following would be the best title？
What‘s the best title for the passage？
The main idea of the passage is that _____.
This passage tells us _____.
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage？
What does the passage mainly discuss？
做這類題時常用略讀法，把注意力放在抓主要信息上，不去過分注意細(xì)節(jié)事實，否則會造成“只見樹木，不見森林”的結(jié)果。通常的辦法是，快速閱讀文章時注意找出各段主題句。英文文章各段主題句常放在段首，有時也放在段尾或段落中間，有時不明確寫出，通讀文章后把各段主題句聯(lián)系起來，一般就能得出文章主題。
就整篇文章來講，首段和尾段一般對于解這類題更為重要。我們以97年統(tǒng)考試卷中閱讀理解部分的第一篇文章為例：
How often one hears children wishing they were grown up， and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains， and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.
Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents， he is fed， looked after and loved ，whatever he may do .It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return .In addition ，life is always presenting new things to the child——things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-know. But a child has his pains： he is not so free to do what he wishes to do； he is continually being told not to do things， or being punished for what he has done wrong.
When the young man starts to earn his own living， he can no longer expect others to pay for his food， his clothes， and his room， but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child， he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents， he may go to prison. If however， he works hard， keeps out of trouble and has good health， he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.
文章后面第四個問題是：
The main idea of the passage is that _____.
A. life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains
B. young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hard
C. childhood is the most enjoyable time in one‘s life
D. one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life
文章的第一段講的是人們常聽說孩子們盼著長大成人，老年人則希望返老還童。人生的每個階段總是歡樂伴著苦惱，而最幸福的人則是那些既享受人生每一階段所帶來的歡樂，又沒有因虛度年華而終生后悔的人。第二段講述了一個人兒童時代的歡樂與苦惱，第三段則告訴讀者青年人的責(zé)任與義務(wù)，機遇和挑戰(zhàn)。從以上三段文字來看，第一段中第二句即是主題句，所以我們應(yīng)選D為正確答案。
（2） 主要事實和細(xì)節(jié)題設(shè)題思路及答題技巧
主要事實和細(xì)節(jié)題就是我們平時所說的由who ，what ，where ，when ，why ，which ，how引出的問題。這是極為常見的閱讀理解題。這類題主要是針對論證支持主題的事實或例證設(shè)題，可能涉及數(shù)學(xué)計算、概念理解以及是非判斷等。
這類題的方法一般是先用尋讀法找出與問題相關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)部分進行細(xì)讀，找出問題答案。
這類題提問的形式多種多樣，常見的有以下幾種：
Which of the following （statements） is Not mentioned in the passage？
According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？
According to the passage， all of the following are true except _____
How many…？
What…？
Why…？
解這類題時，審題是關(guān)鍵，首先一定得看清問題。比如一句結(jié)論性的話后邊到底是…is true，還是is not true.另外，由于細(xì)節(jié)題比較容易，有時為了增加測試難度，命題人員在題干或選項中要增加一些文字或意義上的干擾。所以考生很少能在原文中找到一模一樣的現(xiàn)成答案。
我們引用2002年試題為例。
On November 19， 1863， Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett， a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.
It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night， alone in his hotel room and tired out， he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15，000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked ， “I have failed again.” On the train back to Washington， he said sadly， “That speech was a flat failure， and the people are disappointed.”
Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But little by little as people read the speech they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.
Today， every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history.
文章的最后一題是：
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？
A. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address has deep meaning.
B. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is simple in style.
C. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is memorized by every American schoolchild.
D. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is the greatest speech ever delivered in the United States.
答案可以在文章的第三段和第四段找到?！八难葜v含義深刻、風(fēng)格簡樸；如今美國所有的在校的學(xué)生都能背誦他的演講”；文章中他談到：“現(xiàn)在所有的人都認(rèn)為他的演講是美國歷的演講之一。”而不是美國的演講。所以D是錯誤的。
（3） 推理性試題常見提問方式及答題技巧
推理性試題大多含有infer ，imply ，suggest ，conclude，（most）probably等關(guān)鍵詞。以下是一些常見的提問方式：
It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
The passage implies that _____.
The passage suggests that _____.
What is implied in the passage？
The paragraph following （proceeding） this passage probably will discuss （discusses）_____.
推理性試題不能從文章中直接找到答案。解這類題需要考生在正確理解原文語言字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，運用邏輯推理的方法去理解文章字里行間的意義。對原文中找到的所有相關(guān)信息要進行仔細(xì)分析，摸清它們相互之間時間、方位、因果、對比等邏輯關(guān)系，在此基礎(chǔ)上進行綜合推理，選定答案。
我們?nèi)砸?002年試題中的閱讀理解文章為例。
On November 19， 1863， Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett， a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.
It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night alone in his hotel room and tired out， he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15，000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked ， “I have failed again.” On the train back to Washington， he said sadly， “That speech was a flat failure， and the people are disappointed.”
Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But little by little as people read the speech they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.
Today， every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history.
文章后面的第五題就是一個推理性試題。
It can be inferred from the text that _____.
A. Lincoln prepared his speech very carefully before he went to Gettysburg
B. Lincoln was very busy at the time and didn't have much time to prepare his speech
C. Lincoln's speech was full of rich words
D. Lincoln's speech was very long
文章的第二段有這樣的話：“It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night， alone in his hotel room and tired out， he again worked briefly on the speech.”“據(jù)說林肯是在去葛底斯堡的火車上準(zhǔn)備他的演講的。那天深夜，在賓館的房間里，他既孤獨又疲倦，只是又簡單準(zhǔn)備了一下。”所以通過這些句子我們可以判斷林肯非常的忙，沒有更多的時間準(zhǔn)備他的演講，B是正確答案。A， C， D，均不符合文章的內(nèi)容。