英語四級漢譯英真題詳解 (2)

字號:

真題詳解:
    2006.12
    1.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to (適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活).[ 06.12]
    [解題步驟]:
    第一步:由it is not easy to可以推出,劃線處應(yīng)該接動(dòng)詞原形。
    第二步:劃分成分“適應(yīng)不同文化的生活”
    核心謂語動(dòng)詞是“適應(yīng)”,“不同文化的”作定語,“生活”作賓語。
    第三步:
    (1).切塊對應(yīng)翻譯:“適應(yīng)”=adapt; adapt to; adapt oneself to:“生活”=life:“不同文化的”=different cultures
    (2).重新組合:adapt oneself to the life in different cultures
    [正確答案]:adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures
    [翻 譯]:跨文化研究專家說,適應(yīng)不同文化的生活不是一件容易的事情。
    [考察知識點(diǎn)]:[詞組固定搭配]adapt oneself to sth/doing sth“適應(yīng)——”
    2.Since my childhood I have found that (沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力).
    [解題步驟]:
    第一步:由Since my childhood I have found that可以推出,劃線處應(yīng)該填寫一個(gè)句子,時(shí)態(tài)需要根據(jù)后面的漢語意思作進(jìn)一步的確定。
    第二步:劃分成分“沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力”
    核心謂語動(dòng)詞是“比——更有吸引力”, “沒有什么”作主語,“讀書”作賓語,“對我”作狀語。
    第三步:
    (1).切塊對應(yīng)翻譯:“比——更有吸引力”= be more attractive to sb,“沒有什么”=nothing,“讀書”=reading,“對我”=for/to me.
    (2).重新組合:nothing is more attractive to me than reading
    [正確答案]:nothing is more attractive to me than reading
    [翻 譯]:從兒時(shí)起我就發(fā)現(xiàn),沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力。
    [考察知識點(diǎn)]:[比較級]nothing+比較級=級;時(shí)態(tài):因?yàn)閺木鋽⑹龅氖乾F(xiàn)在的事情,所以用一般現(xiàn)在是即可。
    3.The victim (本來會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來) if he had been taken to hospital in time.
    [解題步驟]:
    第一步:由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出,劃線處應(yīng)該填寫謂語動(dòng)詞和賓語使得主句完整,并且主句形式、時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time確定應(yīng)該采取虛擬語氣,是對過去的虛擬。
    第二步:劃分成分“本來會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來”
    核心謂語動(dòng)詞是“本來有機(jī)會(huì)——”,“活下來”作賓語。
    第三步:
    (1).切塊對應(yīng)翻譯:“本來有機(jī)會(huì)——”= would have a chance to do sth,“活下來”=survive
    (2).重新組合:would have a chance to survive.
    [正確答案]:would have/stand a chance to survive/of survival
    [翻 譯]:如果遇難者被及時(shí)送往醫(yī)院的話,他本來會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來的。
    [考察知識點(diǎn)]:[虛擬語氣]與過去相反的虛擬語氣,從句用had done,主句用would have done
    有機(jī)會(huì)做某事:have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth——
    [語法講解]:“虛擬語氣”
    考生應(yīng)該注意以下幾種虛擬語氣的形式:
    第一種:由 “ if ”引導(dǎo)的虛擬句子
    (1). 與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反:[If —— + were/did——, —— + would do——]
    If I were you , I would marry him.
    如果我是你,就會(huì)嫁給他。
    (2). 與過去的事實(shí)相反:[If —— + had done——, —— +would have done——]
    If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.
    如果你用功學(xué)習(xí),就會(huì)通過考試了。
    (3). 與將來的事實(shí)可能相反:[If ——+ should do——, ——+ would do——]
    If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ?
    如果明天下雨,你怎么辦?
    第二種:用在表示要求、建議、命令等的名詞從句中
    從句謂語形式為:“——(should ) + do sth”(在美語中should常省去) .
    類似用法的動(dòng)詞有:
    insist (堅(jiān)持) , suggest (建議) , order(命令) , propose (建議) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建議) , desire (要求、請求) , request (請求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (寧愿), recommend(推薦) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 擁護(hù)、提倡) ,maintain(堅(jiān)決主張)等后面的賓語從句中。
    第三種:用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ——”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中
    第四種:用在It is time that —— 結(jié)構(gòu)中, 表示“該干某事了”, 含建議的意思, 用動(dòng)詞過去式。
    It is time (that) we went to bed .
    咱們該睡覺了。
    注意: time 前可加about (表示“大約”) 或high(表示“強(qiáng)調(diào)”) 等。
    4.Some psychologists claim that people (出門在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)).
    [解題步驟]:
    第一步:由Some psychologists claim that people .可以推出,劃線處應(yīng)該填寫謂語動(dòng)詞和賓語使得主句完整,并且主句時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
    第二步:劃分成分“出門在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)”
    核心謂語動(dòng)詞是“可能會(huì)感到”,“孤獨(dú)”作賓語,“出門在外時(shí)”作狀語。
    第三步:
    (1).切塊對應(yīng)翻譯:“可能會(huì)感到”= may feel,“孤獨(dú)”=lonely,“出門在外時(shí)”be away from home.
    (2).重新組合:may feel lonely when they are away from home.
    [正確答案]:may feel lonely when they are away from home.
    [翻 譯]:一些心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為人們出門在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)。
    [考察知識點(diǎn)]:[詞性辨析] lonely. adj.孤獨(dú)的、寂寞的;alone. adj.獨(dú)自的
    [難 點(diǎn)]: “出門在外”的翻譯。When they are not in their hometown
    5.The nation's population continues to rise (以每年1200萬人的速度).
    [解題步驟]:
    第一步:由The nation's population continues to rise .可以推出,劃線處應(yīng)該填寫狀語或補(bǔ)語。
    第二步:劃分成分“以每年1200萬人的速度”
    詞組固定搭配“以——的速度”,“每年”作狀語,“1200萬人”作定語。
    第三步:
    (1).切塊對應(yīng)翻譯:“以——的速度”= at a speed of——,“每年”=per year,“1200萬人”12 million.
    (2).重新組合:at a speed of 12 million per year.
    [正確答案]:at a speed of 12 million per year
    [翻 譯]:這個(gè)國家的人口繼續(xù)以每年1200萬人的速度增長
    [考察知識點(diǎn)]:[詞組固定搭配] at a speed of—— “以——的速度”;注意:million不加s