四級新題型應(yīng)對:指導高分改錯策略

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1. 簡介
    在四級新題型考試中,改錯題是作為完形填空題的置換題出現(xiàn)的,在實考試卷中只能是二者取其一。所以它在考試中所占分值比例與完形填空一樣,也是10%。改錯題通常選用一篇200詞左右的短文,其中有10個語法結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞方面的錯誤,分布在除首句外的10行中。這些錯誤可能是因為用錯了一個詞或詞形變化造成的,也可能是因為多用一個詞或少用一個詞造成的。用錯的詞可能是意義或形式容易混淆的詞,可能是意義相反的詞,也可能是造成語法錯誤或搭配錯誤的詞;詞形變化錯誤可能是詞性、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、性、數(shù)、格等語法方面的錯誤。有的錯誤在同一短語或句子中一眼就能辨別,有的錯誤則必須在充分理解上下文的基礎(chǔ)上才能識別??忌诖痤}前一定要認真閱讀并理解全文,答題時,要參閱和琢磨上下文。
    2. 題型分析
    改錯也是一項綜合測試題型。雖然形式不同,但其測試重點與完形填空所覆蓋的測試內(nèi)容大致相同。在解答改錯題時,應(yīng)主要從以下幾個方面進行觀察和判斷:
    固定搭配――考查動詞詞組、介詞詞組、形容詞詞組、動賓詞組等固定搭配的用法;
    語法句法――考查單復數(shù)、虛擬語態(tài)、從句等語法現(xiàn)象;
    語義邏輯――考查上下文的語義關(guān)系,常利用反義詞來混淆視聽;
    關(guān)系連詞――考查句子內(nèi)部或句群之間的邏輯關(guān)系,例如因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、遞進或并列關(guān)系、總分關(guān)系等;
    指代關(guān)系――考查人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞與被指代的名詞的對應(yīng)關(guān)系;
    詞匯用法――與完形填空相比較而言,改錯部分考查的對象除名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等實義詞的用法外,也經(jīng)常考查一些功能詞的用法,如介詞、連詞等。
    3. 解題技巧
    1) 首先,通讀全文,把握文章全貌,抓住文章主旨大意;
    2) 然后,根據(jù)上述5類改錯題中常見的出題點,按圖索驥,對號入座。注意一時拿捏不準的題目可先跳過;
    3) 最后,再通讀一遍全文,做好掃尾工作,解決難題,復查做好的題。
    4. 實戰(zhàn)演練
    下面,以一份六級試卷中的改錯題為例,介紹一下改錯題型的解題步驟與方法。
    例:
     Technology is another great force for change. In part,
    technology has caused the population explosion; many of us
    won’t now be alive if it weren’t for advances in health,
     1. __________
    agriculture and industry. But in part, technology helps resolve
    the population problem, either. It’s a never ending cycle. The
     2. __________
    need for more food discourages development of better
     3. __________
    technology which naturally keeps more people alive. And
    there are no going back to a simple, less technologically
     4. __________
    complex time. We’re born. We’re here. We’re hungry.
     While technology makes this possible for four or even six
     5. __________
    billion of us to exist, it also eliminates our job opportunities. In
    theory, it is impossible that all the goods and services the
     6. __________
    world needs could be produced by only 2 percent of the
    population. This tendency of technology to make workers
    superfluous (過剩的) but at same time allowing their numbers
     7. __________
    to grow up so large is creating psychological tensions.
     8. __________
    Traditionally, work determines our way of life. But if 98
    percent of us doesn’t need to work, what are we going to
     9. __________
    do with oneself? Something more than work must be found to
     10. __________
    determine both income and meaning in life—otherwise 98
    percent of us could be both hungry and frustrated (沮喪的).