三、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
(一) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主謂一致
①、主謂分割原則
例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,
A
America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.
B C D
分析：C錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為symbolizes。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用逗號(hào)分割開(kāi)，主語(yǔ)the bald eagle為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。
②、與后者一致原則
not…but, 強(qiáng)調(diào)but后面的名詞，
not only…but also
③、與前者一致原則
名詞+with/together with/as well as/including+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用is,
中心詞在前面，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與前面的名詞保持一致
例：The athlete, together with his coach and
A B C
several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.
D
分析：D錯(cuò)，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與the athlete 保持一致，改為is
④、就近原則
or, either…or, neither…nor,
單數(shù)名詞+or+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are
如果把句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句，也就是把be動(dòng)詞提到前面，那么變?yōu)閕s
所以注意一點(diǎn)： 如果是陳述句，靠后面近，用復(fù)數(shù)
如果是疑問(wèn)句，靠前面近，用單數(shù)
例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans are
A B
amazingly complex for single-celled animals.
C D
分析：A錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為and。從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式判斷，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)，or連接兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)動(dòng)詞和后面的名詞保持一致，behavior是用單數(shù)形式，因此只有改為并列連詞and才能使主謂在數(shù)上保持一致。
⑤定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)就近原則
There are five apples that are red.
apples是復(fù)數(shù)，因此從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)。
例：A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets
A
carry a supply that last just a few seconds.
B C D
分析：D錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為lasts。從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)a supply為單數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。
⑥the +形容詞主謂一致
The rich are not always happier than the poor.
The rich 表示一類人，應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)
⑦、倒裝句的主謂一致
改錯(cuò)題倒裝句的主謂一致一般考兩種情況：
a. there be 句型
there be+名詞+名詞，那么最近的名詞決定其形式
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名詞，名詞其實(shí)是主語(yǔ)，所以be和名詞保持一致
例：There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.
A B C D
分析：there be 句型由最近的名詞決定其形式，society當(dāng)然用單數(shù)，A錯(cuò)，there are 改為there is
例：Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific
A B
Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30
C
miles in width.
D
分析：倒裝句，are改為is
例：Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and
A B C
Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film
D
presented on the five-story-tall screen.
分析：D錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為films , 主語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是名詞，應(yīng)該與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持一致。
⑧、百分比結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致
fifty percent of + 名詞
one percent of + 名詞
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式和百分比多少?zèng)]有關(guān)系，主要取決于后面的名詞，比如：
one percent of my students + are
fifty percent of my time is spent on working.
這里要強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)
half of =fifty percent
most of + 可數(shù)名詞 + are
most of + 不可數(shù)名詞+ is
例：Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been
A B C
found in central and eastern Canada.
D
分析：C錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為have been。介詞of的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)的中心詞half當(dāng)然表復(fù)數(shù)，相應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例：Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized
A B
in the United States are for foods and beverages.
C D
分析：A錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為packages。從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式判斷出主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。注意food用復(fù)數(shù)表示不同種類的食品，beverage用復(fù)數(shù)表示不同種類的飲料，故（C）、（D）均沒(méi)有錯(cuò)。
(一) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主謂一致
①、主謂分割原則
例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,
A
America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.
B C D
分析：C錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為symbolizes。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用逗號(hào)分割開(kāi)，主語(yǔ)the bald eagle為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。
②、與后者一致原則
not…but, 強(qiáng)調(diào)but后面的名詞，
not only…but also
③、與前者一致原則
名詞+with/together with/as well as/including+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用is,
中心詞在前面，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與前面的名詞保持一致
例：The athlete, together with his coach and
A B C
several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.
D
分析：D錯(cuò)，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與the athlete 保持一致，改為is
④、就近原則
or, either…or, neither…nor,
單數(shù)名詞+or+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are
如果把句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句，也就是把be動(dòng)詞提到前面，那么變?yōu)閕s
所以注意一點(diǎn)： 如果是陳述句，靠后面近，用復(fù)數(shù)
如果是疑問(wèn)句，靠前面近，用單數(shù)
例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans are
A B
amazingly complex for single-celled animals.
C D
分析：A錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為and。從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式判斷，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)，or連接兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)動(dòng)詞和后面的名詞保持一致，behavior是用單數(shù)形式，因此只有改為并列連詞and才能使主謂在數(shù)上保持一致。
⑤定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)就近原則
There are five apples that are red.
apples是復(fù)數(shù)，因此從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)。
例：A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets
A
carry a supply that last just a few seconds.
B C D
分析：D錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為lasts。從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)a supply為單數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。
⑥the +形容詞主謂一致
The rich are not always happier than the poor.
The rich 表示一類人，應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)
⑦、倒裝句的主謂一致
改錯(cuò)題倒裝句的主謂一致一般考兩種情況：
a. there be 句型
there be+名詞+名詞，那么最近的名詞決定其形式
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名詞，名詞其實(shí)是主語(yǔ)，所以be和名詞保持一致
例：There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.
A B C D
分析：there be 句型由最近的名詞決定其形式，society當(dāng)然用單數(shù)，A錯(cuò)，there are 改為there is
例：Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific
A B
Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30
C
miles in width.
D
分析：倒裝句，are改為is
例：Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and
A B C
Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film
D
presented on the five-story-tall screen.
分析：D錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為films , 主語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是名詞，應(yīng)該與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持一致。
⑧、百分比結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致
fifty percent of + 名詞
one percent of + 名詞
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式和百分比多少?zèng)]有關(guān)系，主要取決于后面的名詞，比如：
one percent of my students + are
fifty percent of my time is spent on working.
這里要強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)
half of =fifty percent
most of + 可數(shù)名詞 + are
most of + 不可數(shù)名詞+ is
例：Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been
A B C
found in central and eastern Canada.
D
分析：C錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為have been。介詞of的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)的中心詞half當(dāng)然表復(fù)數(shù)，相應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例：Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized
A B
in the United States are for foods and beverages.
C D
分析：A錯(cuò)，應(yīng)改為packages。從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式判斷出主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。注意food用復(fù)數(shù)表示不同種類的食品，beverage用復(fù)數(shù)表示不同種類的飲料，故（C）、（D）均沒(méi)有錯(cuò)。