大學(xué)英語(yǔ)相似詞辨析(85):Idon’tlikegoingthere

字號(hào):

I don't like going there.I don't like to go there.
    某些英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面既可以接動(dòng)名詞,又可以接不定式,但意思有差異。一般說(shuō)來(lái),有下列三點(diǎn)區(qū)別:
    (一)動(dòng)名詞所表示的涵義比不定式所表示的涵義顯得“一般”和“概括”。例如:
    I don't like going there.
    我(平日一向)不喜歡到那兒去。
    I don't like to go there.
    我(今日或在某一特定的場(chǎng)合下)不想到那兒去。
    通過(guò)下面的例句,我們可以進(jìn)一步辨別它們的不同涵義:
    I like playing football(in general),but I do not like to play football today(on such a cold day).
    (二)動(dòng)名詞表示習(xí)慣的或未完成的行為;不定式動(dòng)詞表示具體的或完成的行為。例如:
    I like smoking a cigarette before going to bed.
    我(平日總是)喜歡在睡覺(jué)前抽支煙。
    Tonight I like to smoke a cigarette before going to bed.
    今天晚上,我想先抽支煙然后去睡覺(jué)。examda.com
    (三)不定式動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作主體往往是句子的主語(yǔ),而動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作主體也可以是其他的人。
    例:
    I don't like to swim immediately after supper.
    I don't like swimming immediately after supper.
    第一句 to swim的行為主體是句中的主語(yǔ)I,第二句swimming的行為主體就不一定是I,很可能是其他的人,因此,此句亦可譯作“我不喜歡你們(或別人)在吃完晚飯后馬上去游水”。
    尚需指出一點(diǎn),當(dāng)動(dòng)詞like的主語(yǔ)是第二人稱(chēng)而不是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí),其后接動(dòng)名詞,表示“愛(ài)好”、“喜歡”的意思,如接不定式,則表示“愿望”、“選擇”之意。試比較下面的例句:examda.com
    De you like smoking a cigarette before going to bed?
    你是否喜歡在上床睡覺(jué)前抽支煙?
    De you like to smoke a cigarette?
    你要抽支煙嗎?
    此外請(qǐng)注意,在動(dòng)詞begin和star之后,用動(dòng)名詞和不定式并無(wú)區(qū)別可言。如:He began studying English last year和He began to study English last year并沒(méi)有區(qū)別。但當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞作進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)用時(shí),用不定式,不用動(dòng)名詞,以避免-ing的重復(fù)。如:
    It's beginning to rain(不用raining).
    He is beginning to study French。(不用studying).
    但在動(dòng)詞want之后,用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式,意義就大不相同。當(dāng)want表達(dá)wish和desire的意義時(shí),其后用不定式;表達(dá)need和require意義時(shí),其后用動(dòng)名詞。例:
    I don't want(=wish)to see him.(這里的to see不能改作seeing)
    The room wants(=needs)cleaning.(這里的 cleaning不能改作to clean)
    英美人在談話中,want(作need或require解),其后可以接被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不定式,例如上面的最后一句可以改寫(xiě)為:The room wants/needs to be cleaned.
    另一點(diǎn)需要注意的是,有些動(dòng)詞后,只能接動(dòng)名詞,不能接不定式。例如:admit、avoid、enjoy、finish、give up、mind、miss、practise、suggest等。反之,有些動(dòng)詞后只能接不定式,不能接動(dòng)名詞,如:encourage、urge、intend、hope、wish、strive等。請(qǐng)?jiān)嚳匆韵乱恍├樱?BR>    The shoplifter admitted stealing a box of chocolate from the supermarket.
    I avoid going out in bad weather.
    You are encouraged to voice your opinion.
    The teacher urges the students to study hard.