聽力綜合歸納題與推理判斷題一樣，都是大多數(shù)考生的考試難點(diǎn)。此題型測試的重點(diǎn)是從說話人的用詞、語氣和態(tài)度等方面來正確理解說話人所表達(dá)的基本意思，綜合歸納出說話人的真實(shí)意圖。這要求考生對聽力材料中的各種信息進(jìn)行綜合、歸納，然后在選項(xiàng)中作出正確的選擇。本文將就綜合歸納題型分別對CET－6聽力測試中的對話理解和短文理解進(jìn)行試題解析。
一．對話理解
結(jié)合CET －6聽力題的特點(diǎn)，分為以下幾種情況：
1．分析判斷已知信息中的語氣轉(zhuǎn)折。
【試題1】
M：By the way，Jane，did you talk to the consultant about our new health program？
W：I contacted his office，but his secretary said he would be out for lunch until two．
Q：What does the woman mean？
（A）She talked with the consultant about the new program until two．
（B）She could not talk to the consultant before two．
（C）She would talk to the consultant during lunch．
（D）She couldn't contact the consultant's secretary．（CET－6，2000，6）
【分析】表示語氣轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but是引導(dǎo)重要信息的信號詞。一般來說，but后面的句子才是說話者真正要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，也是回答問題的依據(jù)。所以回答該題的關(guān)鍵是對but后面句子意思的理解。從聽力材料上看，雖然I contacted his office對Did you talk to the consultant about our new health program？問題作了回答，但似乎回答得不夠令人滿意，而but his secretary said he would be out for lunch until two．才真正滿足了問話人所希望的信息。but后面的信息則對具體情況有了更清楚的說明。所以（B）She couldn't talk to the consultant before two．是正確答案。
2．在眾多信息中辨認(rèn)重要信息。
【試題1】
M：The new sales manager says he had never met you before．
W：We've been introduced about three times．He seems a little forgetful．
Q：What do we learn about the new sales manager？
（A）He is very forgiving and tolerant．
（B）He probably has a poor memory．
（C）He is well liked by his customers．
（D）He has been introduced to the staff.（CET－6，2000，6）
【分析】聽力材料中關(guān)于the new sales manager的信息有：he had never met you before．We've been introduced about three times．He seems a little forgetful．在眾多的信息中提煉主要信息就得用“末端中心”這一語言規(guī)律。He seems a little forgetful．是對話的信息中心，即主要信息。此外，選項(xiàng)（B）中的a poor memory和a little forgetful是同義轉(zhuǎn)換，它仿佛提醒考生要注意末端中心信息。選項(xiàng)（B） He probably has a poor memory．是正確答案。
“末端中心”是指在通過語言行為傳遞多條信息時(shí)，一般以最后一個(gè)信息片段為中心，目的是突出重要信息內(nèi)容，引起聽話人的注意。了解“末端中心”語言規(guī)律有助于我們從多條信息中迅速捕捉出其中的重要信息。
3．綜合歸納眾多信息。
【試題1】
W：This is Mrs Starched．My heater is not getting any power，and weatherman says the temperature is to fall below zero tonight． Could you get someone to come over and fix it？
M：This is the busiest time of the year，but I will speak to one of our men about going over sometime today．
Q：Whom did Mrs Starched want to come over？
（A）An auto mechanic．
（B）An electrician．
（C）A carpenter．
（D）A telephone repairman．（CET－6，2001，1）
【分析】雖然不能從眾多的已知信息中直接地找到回答Whom did Mrs Starched want to come over？的答案，但對聽力材料提供的相關(guān)信息稍加分析，答案就一目了然了。綜合分析女士提供的兩條重要信息：My heater is not getting any power．和Could you get someone to come over and fix it？可以得出結(jié)論：She needs a person who can repair her heater．mechanic和repairman雖然都會修理電器，但它們的定語auto和telephone與對話材料中的heater并非屬于一類，選項(xiàng)（C）A carpenter．更是不符合對話內(nèi)容。因此選項(xiàng)（B）An electrician．是正確答案。
二．短文理解
綜合歸納題是短文聽力理解測試最難的部分。這類題主要針對短文的主題、中心思想、標(biāo)題或作者寫作意圖等問題進(jìn)行提問。綜合理解題要求考生在整體理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上，對多條信息進(jìn)行分析、篩選、歸納出短文的主題或進(jìn)行綜合判斷。利用短文中主題句（topic sentence）來理解短文的中心思想是比較可取的方法。主題句概括了短文的主要意思，有時(shí)候正確選項(xiàng)就是對原主題句稍加改動而寫的。再就是利用選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測。如選項(xiàng)中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)某個(gè)單詞，則說明該詞是此文的中心詞，然后把選項(xiàng)中意思不同的動詞、形容詞作為選擇判斷的關(guān)鍵詞。
PASSAGE
People in Poland take their pleasure seriously．They like to have an aim even when spending the time which is entirely their own．During the summer，people start work very early in the morning so that they can finish early and enjoy a leisurely afternoon．It is difficult to imagine Polish people going aimlessly for a walk in the country，though they might go to pick wild fruit，to visit a place of historical importance or to walk 20km．a(chǎn)s a training exercise．They are often admired for their immense enjoyment of the arts．All the parks are beautifully kept and are for the use and enjoyment of the people．Quite ordinary people will talk with obvious delight about concerts．There is nearly always a crowd at the door of the theatre，asking for returned tickets．People in Poland now have far more leisure time and more money than even before．It is therefore possible to spend the weekends in many new ways．Many people now have over 20 days' holiday a year．This provides an opportunity for holidays in the country or at the seaside．
一．對話理解
結(jié)合CET －6聽力題的特點(diǎn)，分為以下幾種情況：
1．分析判斷已知信息中的語氣轉(zhuǎn)折。
【試題1】
M：By the way，Jane，did you talk to the consultant about our new health program？
W：I contacted his office，but his secretary said he would be out for lunch until two．
Q：What does the woman mean？
（A）She talked with the consultant about the new program until two．
（B）She could not talk to the consultant before two．
（C）She would talk to the consultant during lunch．
（D）She couldn't contact the consultant's secretary．（CET－6，2000，6）
【分析】表示語氣轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but是引導(dǎo)重要信息的信號詞。一般來說，but后面的句子才是說話者真正要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，也是回答問題的依據(jù)。所以回答該題的關(guān)鍵是對but后面句子意思的理解。從聽力材料上看，雖然I contacted his office對Did you talk to the consultant about our new health program？問題作了回答，但似乎回答得不夠令人滿意，而but his secretary said he would be out for lunch until two．才真正滿足了問話人所希望的信息。but后面的信息則對具體情況有了更清楚的說明。所以（B）She couldn't talk to the consultant before two．是正確答案。
2．在眾多信息中辨認(rèn)重要信息。
【試題1】
M：The new sales manager says he had never met you before．
W：We've been introduced about three times．He seems a little forgetful．
Q：What do we learn about the new sales manager？
（A）He is very forgiving and tolerant．
（B）He probably has a poor memory．
（C）He is well liked by his customers．
（D）He has been introduced to the staff.（CET－6，2000，6）
【分析】聽力材料中關(guān)于the new sales manager的信息有：he had never met you before．We've been introduced about three times．He seems a little forgetful．在眾多的信息中提煉主要信息就得用“末端中心”這一語言規(guī)律。He seems a little forgetful．是對話的信息中心，即主要信息。此外，選項(xiàng)（B）中的a poor memory和a little forgetful是同義轉(zhuǎn)換，它仿佛提醒考生要注意末端中心信息。選項(xiàng)（B） He probably has a poor memory．是正確答案。
“末端中心”是指在通過語言行為傳遞多條信息時(shí)，一般以最后一個(gè)信息片段為中心，目的是突出重要信息內(nèi)容，引起聽話人的注意。了解“末端中心”語言規(guī)律有助于我們從多條信息中迅速捕捉出其中的重要信息。
3．綜合歸納眾多信息。
【試題1】
W：This is Mrs Starched．My heater is not getting any power，and weatherman says the temperature is to fall below zero tonight． Could you get someone to come over and fix it？
M：This is the busiest time of the year，but I will speak to one of our men about going over sometime today．
Q：Whom did Mrs Starched want to come over？
（A）An auto mechanic．
（B）An electrician．
（C）A carpenter．
（D）A telephone repairman．（CET－6，2001，1）
【分析】雖然不能從眾多的已知信息中直接地找到回答Whom did Mrs Starched want to come over？的答案，但對聽力材料提供的相關(guān)信息稍加分析，答案就一目了然了。綜合分析女士提供的兩條重要信息：My heater is not getting any power．和Could you get someone to come over and fix it？可以得出結(jié)論：She needs a person who can repair her heater．mechanic和repairman雖然都會修理電器，但它們的定語auto和telephone與對話材料中的heater并非屬于一類，選項(xiàng)（C）A carpenter．更是不符合對話內(nèi)容。因此選項(xiàng)（B）An electrician．是正確答案。
二．短文理解
綜合歸納題是短文聽力理解測試最難的部分。這類題主要針對短文的主題、中心思想、標(biāo)題或作者寫作意圖等問題進(jìn)行提問。綜合理解題要求考生在整體理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上，對多條信息進(jìn)行分析、篩選、歸納出短文的主題或進(jìn)行綜合判斷。利用短文中主題句（topic sentence）來理解短文的中心思想是比較可取的方法。主題句概括了短文的主要意思，有時(shí)候正確選項(xiàng)就是對原主題句稍加改動而寫的。再就是利用選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測。如選項(xiàng)中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)某個(gè)單詞，則說明該詞是此文的中心詞，然后把選項(xiàng)中意思不同的動詞、形容詞作為選擇判斷的關(guān)鍵詞。
PASSAGE
People in Poland take their pleasure seriously．They like to have an aim even when spending the time which is entirely their own．During the summer，people start work very early in the morning so that they can finish early and enjoy a leisurely afternoon．It is difficult to imagine Polish people going aimlessly for a walk in the country，though they might go to pick wild fruit，to visit a place of historical importance or to walk 20km．a(chǎn)s a training exercise．They are often admired for their immense enjoyment of the arts．All the parks are beautifully kept and are for the use and enjoyment of the people．Quite ordinary people will talk with obvious delight about concerts．There is nearly always a crowd at the door of the theatre，asking for returned tickets．People in Poland now have far more leisure time and more money than even before．It is therefore possible to spend the weekends in many new ways．Many people now have over 20 days' holiday a year．This provides an opportunity for holidays in the country or at the seaside．