DAY59
Reading comprehension
Direction： In this part， there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements， each with four suggested answers marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.
Passage 1
Legitimacy has long been considered essential to an organizations continued existence. Though intangible， like a brand， it amounts to a de facto license to operate conferred on a firm by those it comes into contact with. Legitimacy is earned when there is satisfaction about how companies are governed in terms of inclusivity， transparency and accountability. It is not a static resource， but is built or eroded over time.
Iraq presents firms with unique legitimacy challenges， not least in terms of identifying those who can confer it in a country where civil society has been repressed for decades. The costs to business of the ongoing conflict are both indirect — the breakdown in governance， trust and tolerance， and the undermining of environmental and economic capital and direct — the higher cost of security and other forms of risk management， lost materials， capital， personnel， litigation， opportunity costs， and the damage to reputation. In May 2000， the Economist described the risks companies face in conflict zones： “pipelines can be blown up by crooked partners. Fragile economies can collapse. And in recent years， firms doing business in counties with unpleasant governments have been pilloried by nongovernmental organizations （NGOs）， endangering the most priceless of assets， their good name.” An unstable environment is also a disincentive for the substantial investment required over long periods by oil companies， and many gave postponed a decision over Iraq pending the establishment of a legitimate regime. Sir Philip Watts， chairman of Royal Dutch/Shell， exemplified this stance in July： “The safety of our people is paramount. There has to be proper security， legitimate authority and a legitimate process — by which we will be able to negotiate agreement that would be longstanding for decades. We wouldnt go into that situation unless these conditions were satisfied because we are a longterm projects and we need the framework in which we can make this sort of investment decision.”
The challenges are sufficient to ensure that only those companies prepared to take a longterm view should venture in， and such a venture which will be uniquely exposed should instability endure.
Stability will not come while the regime is regarded as illegitimate. That illegitimacy is reflected on businesses entering Iraq under government sponsorship and on those that pay insufficient regard to their local partners. Business can begin to break the cycle and earn its own legitimacy by attending to its internals administration， ensuring it is inclusive， transparent and accountable to Iraqis. In this way， companies can also help to confer legitimacy on the interim authority， creating a virtuous circle building towards the stability that firms need to operate profitably for the long term. Conversely， businesses that fail to engage adequately will merely undermine further the Iraqis sense of involvement in their own future and so contribute to the downward spiral of instability.
1. In the first paragraph， legitimacy is an asset.
A. gained smoothly and swiftly while trading with other firms
B. like a credential for transaction business
C. to retain a companys inclusivity， transparency， and accountability
D. awarded by government or partners when they are satisfied
2. How do you understand the first sentence in second paragraph？
A. Companies in Iraq under dictatorial regime lack legitimacy
B. Companies in Iraq face more security problems since it is a conflicting zone
C. The unstable environment deters investment
D. Stern governance repressed civil society that indirectly harmed commercial development
3. According to Economists description in May 2000， companies in conflict zones faced following risks EXCEPT.
A. incredibility of cooperators B. danger of losing its good name
C. the present political climate in IraqD. uncertainty of economy
4. What Sir Philip Watts said implies that.
A. Sir Philip Watts will by no means invest or launch business in Iraq
B. presently only those companies who plan to take shortterm business dare to set up their business in Iraq
C. legitimate authority is the key point among all risky factors now in Iraq
D. most local firms in Iraq are illegitimate and untrustworthy
5. From the last paragraph， we can conclude .
A. business entering Iraq can expand prosperously with the guidance of government
B. temporary government in Iraq can never be trusted
C. there is still certain leeway for business to establish legitimacy in Iraq
D. without stability foreign business can survive profitably for long time in Iraq
Passage 2
For more than two decades， Americas public schools have been expected to cure societys discontents. In the midfifties， we demanded that our schools create a harmony among races that existed nowhere else in American life. In the midsixties， when our young were engaged in a rebellion that seemed to threaten virtually every ideal we embraced as a nation， we insisted that the schools restore social order and preserve the status quo. In the midseventies， we instructed our schools to go one step further to look first to the wants of the individual， to nurture a childs discovery of self， while at the same time distracting him from his attempts to reduce his school to rubble.
Clearly， this prolonged and illadvised effort to make the education system the principal tool for social change has contributed to such problems as the sharply increased incidence of functional illiteracy.
To rehabilitate our schools， we must look to the hard realities of why our system of public education is not working and learn from them.
Schools are asked to do too much. Racial， economic， and sexual inequalities， poor parenting malnutrition crime， and a lengthy list of other social disorders unquestionably affect an individuals capacity to participate in society. But while education can enhance the students ability to cope with， and to change， the conditions of life around them， it cannot， in and of itself， make them better. In thrusting the schools to the forefront of social change， we have diverted their energies from their basic purposeeducation.
The issue of acculturation of ethnic minorities provides a case in point. Greater emphasis has been placed on bilingual education in the public schools as the number and variety of ethnic minorities have grown in the nation. We are insisting both that the schools improve the way they teach English， so that language is removed as a barrier to learning and that they increase the number of courses taught in students native tongues， so that the pace of learning begun in their homelands continues uninterrupted. The conflict that such demands create can be seen in Chicago where as a condition of $90 million in aid， the federal government extracted a pledge that the public schools offer bilingual courses in 20 languages， from Arabic to Vietnamese.
While we do not yet know what affect the study of major courses in a native language has on a childs ability to learn English， we may be allowed the suspicion that it will prove as counterproductive as it sounds， In addition the burden these extra courses place on the schools is obvious.
Once we stop asking the schools to do too much， they can get on with solving the more acute problem of performing their basic task — that of education — more effectively.
1. The main idea the author expressing in the first paragraph is that
A. Americas public schools should restore social order and preserve the status quo when the young were engaged in a rebellion.
B. Americas public schools were instructed to go one step further to look first to the wants of the individual.
C. Americas public schools had been expected to cure societys discontents.
D. American public school was demanded to create a harmony among races that existed nowhere else in American life.
2. The underlined phrase “status quo” in paragraph 1， Line 5， refers to.
A. situation or state of affairs as it is now， or as it was before a recent change
B. possession that is thought to show somebodys high social rank， wealth
C. persons social， legal or professional position or rank in relation to others
D. figure of a person， an animal
3. What causes such problems as the sharply increased incidence of functional illiteracy？
A. Because public schools stop doing too much which are not their basic task.
B. Because there are too many ethical minority students in the United States.
C. Because public school provide bilingual education.
D. Because public school divert their most energies from their basic purpose — education.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true？
A. Public schools are asked to deal with too many social problems such as racial， economic， and sexual inequalities.
B. With the growth of number and variety of ethnic minorities in the USA， the public schools offer bilingual education.
C. The students of ethnic minorities are taught in native tongues in order to keep their identities.
D. Once the public school stop doing too much， they can perform their basic purpose — education more effectively.
5. It is suspicious that the bilingual education will prove as .
A. satisfactory B. counterproductive C. beneficial D.harmful
Passage 3
Whoever said that victory has many fathers and defeat is an orphan， surely had never heard of the World Trade Organization （WTO）。 In the case of the hapless multilateral trade body and its longsuffering representatives， the total failure of the opening meeting of the socalled Millennium trade round has lots of people boasting of their role in the melee. Well， thats just brilliant. They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economic growth， prosperity and overall global rising living standards we have — the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.
The 135member WTO is composed of sovereign governments wishing to further this goal and ease the settlement of international trade disputes. From the sounds emanating from Seattle， though， it would now seem the WTO has now replaced the Trilateral Commission and the Freemasons as candidate to take over the world.
Everybody has his favorite Seattle story. The citys police chief will have plenty of time to think about his， having now resigned in disgrace over the loss of control of downtown Seattle. The Seattle business community may be more inclined to brood over theirs； the poor fools invested $9 million to attract the meeting to their fine city. What stands out more？ I would nominate the union of steel workers who were marching in protest. Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come.
The debate now is over just how effective this antiglobalist coalition will turn out to be. In the heat of the moment， it always looks as though the world as we know it is coming to an end. But the overwhelming likelihood is that we have not actually seen a replay of the antiVietnam War movement， which had much clearer focus， obviously， though its consequences were farreaching. How long， after all， can you protest against cheap imports when those same imports are all over your house？
No， the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political， and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit， which may be both good and bad. Taking the long view， other trade rounds have had difficult beginnings， too. It took years to get the Uruguay Round under way， which finally happened in 1986. Thankfully， we will soon be electing another president， and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric.
Still， it is a disgrace that the worlds greatest trading nation， i.e， the United States， is currently led by a man whose motivations are so narrowly political and egocentric that he has now wrecked any chance of entering the history books as a champion of free trade.
1. According to the passage， which of the following statement is TRUE？
A. The WTO has already replaced the Trilateral Commission and the Freemason to take over the world.
B. The opening meeting of the socalled Millennium trade round was successful.
C. People who wanted to wreck the WTO felt very guilty about their behavior.
D. The Seattle business community invested $9 million to attract the meeting to their fine city.
2. Which of the following goals that the WTO wants to achieve are NOT mentioned in the passage？
A. It wants to promote the world economic growth and bring about prosperity.
B. It can ease the settlement of international trade dispute.
C. We will have more expensive imports from other countries.
D. We have the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.
3. Whats the real reason for the disaster in Seattle？
A. The police chief in Seattle has resigned in disgrace because of his incompetence to control the chaos.
B. A lot of people are part of a movement that wants to wreck the WTO.
C. The President Clinton has his wrong political attitude.
D. The Seattle business community lost too much money on this meeting.
4. The meaning of the underlined word “melee” is.
A. a large noisy uncontrolled crowd
B. a state of untidiness， dirtiness or lack of organization
C. happy or showing enjoyment
D. a persons appearance， esp， the typical expression on their face
5. The author has a（n）attitude towards the President Clintons handling the WTO issue.
A. critical B. objective C. optimistic D. satisfying
Passage 4
Most people would agree that， although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge， there has been no correlative increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define“wisdom”and consider means of promoting it. I want to ask first what wisdom is， and then what can we done to reach it.
There are， I think， several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion； the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the specialized knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose， for example， that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your intellectual energy. You have no time to consider the effect which you discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed （let us say）， as modern medicine has succeeded， in enormously lowering the infant death rate， not only in Europe and America， but also in Asia and Africa. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the most populous parts of the world. To take an even more spectacular example， which is in everybodys mind at the present time： you study the composition of the atom from a disinterested desire for knowledge. And incidentally place in the hands of powerful lunatics the means of destroying the human race. In such ways the pursuit of knowledge may become harmful unless it is combined with wisdom； and wisdom in the sense of comprehensive vision is not necessarily present in specialists in the pursuit of knowledge.
Comprehensiveness alone， however， is not enough to constitute wisdom. There must be， also， a certain awareness of the ends of human life. This maybe illustrated by the study of history. Many eminent historians have done more harm than good because they viewed facts through the distorting medium of their own passions. Hegel had a philosophy of history which did not suffer from any lack of comprehensiveness. Since it started from the earliest times and continued into an indefinite future. But the chief lesson of history which he sought to inculcate was that from the year A.D.400 down to his own time Germany had been the most important nation and the standardbearer of progress in the world. Perhaps one could stretch the comprehensiveness that constitutes wisdom to include not only intellect but also feeling. It is by no means uncommon to find men whose knowledge is wide but whose feelings are narrow. Such men lack what I am calling wisdom.
1. According to the author， several factors mentioned in the text that contribute to “wisdom” EXCPET.
A. the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem
B. a good knowledge of history
C. comprehensive knowledge as well as wide feeling
D. the specialized knowledge
2. What does the underlined word “disinterested” mean in the sentence？
A. unbiased ， not influenced by personal feeling or interests
B. not like
C. unwilling， reluctant
D. give a false appearance
3. By saying that “wisdom in the sense of comprehensive vision is not necessarily present in specialists in the pursuit of knowledge”， the author means that
A. every specialist in the pursuit of knowledge has the wisdom in the sense of comprehensive.
B. not every specialist in the pursuit of knowledge has the wisdom in the sense of comprehensive.
C. now specialists with the sense of comprehensive vision dont pursuit wisdom.
D. wisdom in the sense of comprehensive vision is a kind of knowledge.
4. Which of the following statement is NOT true？
A. The success of modern medicine incidentally results in the food shortage.
B. Some scientific researches may become harmful if they are in the hands of powerful lunatics.
C. Its very usual to find men whose knowledge is wide but whose feelings are narrow.
D. Many eminent historians have done more harm than good because of lack of comprehensiveness.
5. From the passage， it can be inferred that Hegel was a
A. historian B. philosopher C. poet D. writer
Keys and notes for the passage reading：
Passage 1
這是一篇經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章，講述了合法性企業(yè)發(fā)展的問題。通過介紹Iraq 當(dāng)前政權(quán)不合法、環(huán)境因素險(xiǎn)惡等不利條件，說明在伊境內(nèi)創(chuàng)辦企業(yè)的重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
第二段第一句：伊拉克境內(nèi)企業(yè)的合法性面臨前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)，特別是考慮它們是在一個(gè)社會文明被壓制了幾十年之久的國家里進(jìn)行協(xié)商活動，其鑒別難度更大。
1. 「B」B項(xiàng)是“it amounts to a de facto license to operate conferred on a firm by those it comes into contact with”的另一種說法。
2. 「A」見難句解析。
3. 「C」C中關(guān)于伊拉克當(dāng)前的政治狀況不在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的分析中，其他項(xiàng)的“合作伙伴可信度低；名譽(yù)喪失的危險(xiǎn)；經(jīng)濟(jì)不確定性”都有原文依據(jù)。
4. 「C」legitimate authority 在Watts的整段話中被重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)。另外，Watts的言論背景在文中也有介紹，“many have postponed a…establishment of a legitimate regime”。
5. 「C」后一段介紹了企業(yè)在伊拉克目前情況下如何求取生存，獲得一定的合法性，正是C項(xiàng)的意思。A，B，D均為錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)。
Passage 2
社會要求美國學(xué)校治愈社會的種種不滿意現(xiàn)狀，把教育制度變成社會變革的主要手段，這些使得學(xué)校偏離了教學(xué)這一基本目標(biāo)，雙語言教育加重了學(xué)校負(fù)擔(dān)。作者希望學(xué)?；貧w本位。
1. Clearly， this prolonged and illadvised effort to make the education system the principal tool for social change has contributed to such problems as the sharply increased incidence of functional illiteracy. 很明顯， 教育制度變成了社會變革的主要手段，這種持久且不明智的努力已引發(fā)了諸如半文盲劇增等一系列問題。
2. We are insisting both that the schools improve the way they teach English， so that language is removed as a barrier to learning and that they increase the number of courses taught in students native tongues， so that the pace of learning begun in their homelands continues uninterrupted. 我們不僅主張各學(xué)校改進(jìn)教授英語的方法，以使語言不再是學(xué)習(xí)的障礙；同時(shí)也主張?jiān)黾佑脤W(xué)生們自己的母語教授的課程數(shù)量，以便使學(xué)生們對他們在祖國開始的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度得以繼續(xù)而不被打斷。
1. 「C」第一段是總分結(jié)構(gòu)， 第一句話概括了整段大意，而選項(xiàng)A， B， D 分別是對C選項(xiàng)的補(bǔ)充說明。
2. 「A」“status quo” 的中文意思是指現(xiàn)狀或原來的狀況， 即選項(xiàng)A； 選項(xiàng)B是 “status symbol” 的英文解釋； 選項(xiàng)C是 “status” 的英文解釋； 選項(xiàng)D是 “statue” 的英文解釋。
3. 「D」選項(xiàng) A， B， C 都不是主要原因， 第二段提到教育制度變成了社會變革的主要手段，而這種持久且不明智的努力已引發(fā)了諸如半文盲劇增等一系列問題， 第四段說學(xué)校的大部分精力從教育這一基本任務(wù)上轉(zhuǎn)移到了別處。
4. 「C」選項(xiàng)A見第四段第一句； 選項(xiàng) B見第五段第二句； 選項(xiàng)D見后一段； 學(xué)校主張用學(xué)生自己的母語授課， 不是為了讓他們保留自己的身份，而是便于學(xué)生對他們在祖國開始的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度得以繼續(xù)而不被打斷。所以C是錯(cuò)的。
5. 「B」答案可在第六段后一句中找到。
Passage 3
本文描述世界貿(mào)易組織前期會談的艱難歷程，美國總統(tǒng)狹隘的政治動機(jī)和搞自我中心主義導(dǎo)致西雅圖會議的失敗。
1. In the case of the hapless multilateral trade body and its longsuffering representatives， the total failure of the opening meeting of the socalled Millennium trade round has lots of people boasting of their role in the melee. 對這個(gè)不幸的多國貿(mào)易會談的徹底失敗，許多人卻在鼓吹他們在導(dǎo)致其失敗中所起的作用。
2. It took years to get the Uruguay Round under way， which finally happened in 1986. Thankfully， we will soon be electing another president， and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric. 人們幾年后才走出1986年烏拉圭會談的陰影。值得慶幸的是，我們馬上就要選出一位新總統(tǒng)，新總統(tǒng)應(yīng)該是一位言行一致的人。
1. 「D」第二段后一句說：來自西雅圖會議的聲音似乎證明 “世界貿(mào)易組織”已經(jīng)取代了 “三邊會議”和 “經(jīng)濟(jì)互助組織”而成為有權(quán)威的組織來管理世界經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序。A項(xiàng)過于絕對肯定。從第一段的 “the total failure of the opening meeting……” 可看出這次會議是失敗的而不是成功的。B錯(cuò)，人們?yōu)槌蔀閾魯∈蕾Q(mào)組織這臺重要機(jī)器運(yùn)動的一員而感到驕傲而不是內(nèi)疚。選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)。
2. 「C」我們應(yīng)該有更多便宜的進(jìn)口貨物而不是昂貴的進(jìn)口貨物， 所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)了， 其他選項(xiàng)可在文中找到。
3. 「C」文中第五、六段指出：西雅圖會議失敗的真正原因是目前美國總統(tǒng)狹隘的政治動機(jī)， 搞自我中心主義。
4. 「A」“melee”的意思是 “混亂的人群，混戰(zhàn)”。A正確。
5. 「A」答案可參考第3題。
Passage 4
作者對智慧下了新的定義，指出智慧不僅包括知識上的全面，也包括情感上的寬容。
To take an even more spectacular example， which is in everybodys mind at the present time： you study the composition of the atom from a disinterested desire for knowledge. And incidentally place in the hands of powerful lunatics the means of destroying the human race. 舉一個(gè)更引人矚目而且現(xiàn)在人人關(guān)心的例子吧：你原本只是出于一種對知識客觀無私的渴望去研究原子的構(gòu)造，可到頭來卻將毀滅整個(gè)人類的工具交給了大權(quán)在握的戰(zhàn)爭狂。
1. 「B」從文中第二段可找到答案，A，C，D都包含在智慧的范圍里，而在文中沒提到B項(xiàng)是智慧的一個(gè)因素。
2. 「A」“disinterested” 意為 “公正不阿的， 無偏見和私欲的”； “dislike” 意為“不喜歡， 反感”； “disinclined” 意為 “不情愿， 勉強(qiáng)”； “disguised” 意為 “偽裝， 假扮”。
3. 「B」原句意為“并不是每個(gè)求知的專家人士都具有把握全局的智慧”。選項(xiàng)A，C，D與原意不符。
4. 「D」A見第二段第七句， B見第二段第九句， C見第三段倒數(shù)第二句。許多歷史學(xué)家?guī)Ыo人們的是壞處多于好處， 因?yàn)樗麄兪峭高^個(gè)人情感看待史事， 不是缺少全面的知識。所以D錯(cuò)。
5. 「B」可從后一段第五行找到答案。黑格爾是德國的哲學(xué)家。
Reading comprehension
Direction： In this part， there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements， each with four suggested answers marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.
Passage 1
Legitimacy has long been considered essential to an organizations continued existence. Though intangible， like a brand， it amounts to a de facto license to operate conferred on a firm by those it comes into contact with. Legitimacy is earned when there is satisfaction about how companies are governed in terms of inclusivity， transparency and accountability. It is not a static resource， but is built or eroded over time.
Iraq presents firms with unique legitimacy challenges， not least in terms of identifying those who can confer it in a country where civil society has been repressed for decades. The costs to business of the ongoing conflict are both indirect — the breakdown in governance， trust and tolerance， and the undermining of environmental and economic capital and direct — the higher cost of security and other forms of risk management， lost materials， capital， personnel， litigation， opportunity costs， and the damage to reputation. In May 2000， the Economist described the risks companies face in conflict zones： “pipelines can be blown up by crooked partners. Fragile economies can collapse. And in recent years， firms doing business in counties with unpleasant governments have been pilloried by nongovernmental organizations （NGOs）， endangering the most priceless of assets， their good name.” An unstable environment is also a disincentive for the substantial investment required over long periods by oil companies， and many gave postponed a decision over Iraq pending the establishment of a legitimate regime. Sir Philip Watts， chairman of Royal Dutch/Shell， exemplified this stance in July： “The safety of our people is paramount. There has to be proper security， legitimate authority and a legitimate process — by which we will be able to negotiate agreement that would be longstanding for decades. We wouldnt go into that situation unless these conditions were satisfied because we are a longterm projects and we need the framework in which we can make this sort of investment decision.”
The challenges are sufficient to ensure that only those companies prepared to take a longterm view should venture in， and such a venture which will be uniquely exposed should instability endure.
Stability will not come while the regime is regarded as illegitimate. That illegitimacy is reflected on businesses entering Iraq under government sponsorship and on those that pay insufficient regard to their local partners. Business can begin to break the cycle and earn its own legitimacy by attending to its internals administration， ensuring it is inclusive， transparent and accountable to Iraqis. In this way， companies can also help to confer legitimacy on the interim authority， creating a virtuous circle building towards the stability that firms need to operate profitably for the long term. Conversely， businesses that fail to engage adequately will merely undermine further the Iraqis sense of involvement in their own future and so contribute to the downward spiral of instability.
1. In the first paragraph， legitimacy is an asset.
A. gained smoothly and swiftly while trading with other firms
B. like a credential for transaction business
C. to retain a companys inclusivity， transparency， and accountability
D. awarded by government or partners when they are satisfied
2. How do you understand the first sentence in second paragraph？
A. Companies in Iraq under dictatorial regime lack legitimacy
B. Companies in Iraq face more security problems since it is a conflicting zone
C. The unstable environment deters investment
D. Stern governance repressed civil society that indirectly harmed commercial development
3. According to Economists description in May 2000， companies in conflict zones faced following risks EXCEPT.
A. incredibility of cooperators B. danger of losing its good name
C. the present political climate in IraqD. uncertainty of economy
4. What Sir Philip Watts said implies that.
A. Sir Philip Watts will by no means invest or launch business in Iraq
B. presently only those companies who plan to take shortterm business dare to set up their business in Iraq
C. legitimate authority is the key point among all risky factors now in Iraq
D. most local firms in Iraq are illegitimate and untrustworthy
5. From the last paragraph， we can conclude .
A. business entering Iraq can expand prosperously with the guidance of government
B. temporary government in Iraq can never be trusted
C. there is still certain leeway for business to establish legitimacy in Iraq
D. without stability foreign business can survive profitably for long time in Iraq
Passage 2
For more than two decades， Americas public schools have been expected to cure societys discontents. In the midfifties， we demanded that our schools create a harmony among races that existed nowhere else in American life. In the midsixties， when our young were engaged in a rebellion that seemed to threaten virtually every ideal we embraced as a nation， we insisted that the schools restore social order and preserve the status quo. In the midseventies， we instructed our schools to go one step further to look first to the wants of the individual， to nurture a childs discovery of self， while at the same time distracting him from his attempts to reduce his school to rubble.
Clearly， this prolonged and illadvised effort to make the education system the principal tool for social change has contributed to such problems as the sharply increased incidence of functional illiteracy.
To rehabilitate our schools， we must look to the hard realities of why our system of public education is not working and learn from them.
Schools are asked to do too much. Racial， economic， and sexual inequalities， poor parenting malnutrition crime， and a lengthy list of other social disorders unquestionably affect an individuals capacity to participate in society. But while education can enhance the students ability to cope with， and to change， the conditions of life around them， it cannot， in and of itself， make them better. In thrusting the schools to the forefront of social change， we have diverted their energies from their basic purposeeducation.
The issue of acculturation of ethnic minorities provides a case in point. Greater emphasis has been placed on bilingual education in the public schools as the number and variety of ethnic minorities have grown in the nation. We are insisting both that the schools improve the way they teach English， so that language is removed as a barrier to learning and that they increase the number of courses taught in students native tongues， so that the pace of learning begun in their homelands continues uninterrupted. The conflict that such demands create can be seen in Chicago where as a condition of $90 million in aid， the federal government extracted a pledge that the public schools offer bilingual courses in 20 languages， from Arabic to Vietnamese.
While we do not yet know what affect the study of major courses in a native language has on a childs ability to learn English， we may be allowed the suspicion that it will prove as counterproductive as it sounds， In addition the burden these extra courses place on the schools is obvious.
Once we stop asking the schools to do too much， they can get on with solving the more acute problem of performing their basic task — that of education — more effectively.
1. The main idea the author expressing in the first paragraph is that
A. Americas public schools should restore social order and preserve the status quo when the young were engaged in a rebellion.
B. Americas public schools were instructed to go one step further to look first to the wants of the individual.
C. Americas public schools had been expected to cure societys discontents.
D. American public school was demanded to create a harmony among races that existed nowhere else in American life.
2. The underlined phrase “status quo” in paragraph 1， Line 5， refers to.
A. situation or state of affairs as it is now， or as it was before a recent change
B. possession that is thought to show somebodys high social rank， wealth
C. persons social， legal or professional position or rank in relation to others
D. figure of a person， an animal
3. What causes such problems as the sharply increased incidence of functional illiteracy？
A. Because public schools stop doing too much which are not their basic task.
B. Because there are too many ethical minority students in the United States.
C. Because public school provide bilingual education.
D. Because public school divert their most energies from their basic purpose — education.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true？
A. Public schools are asked to deal with too many social problems such as racial， economic， and sexual inequalities.
B. With the growth of number and variety of ethnic minorities in the USA， the public schools offer bilingual education.
C. The students of ethnic minorities are taught in native tongues in order to keep their identities.
D. Once the public school stop doing too much， they can perform their basic purpose — education more effectively.
5. It is suspicious that the bilingual education will prove as .
A. satisfactory B. counterproductive C. beneficial D.harmful
Passage 3
Whoever said that victory has many fathers and defeat is an orphan， surely had never heard of the World Trade Organization （WTO）。 In the case of the hapless multilateral trade body and its longsuffering representatives， the total failure of the opening meeting of the socalled Millennium trade round has lots of people boasting of their role in the melee. Well， thats just brilliant. They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economic growth， prosperity and overall global rising living standards we have — the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.
The 135member WTO is composed of sovereign governments wishing to further this goal and ease the settlement of international trade disputes. From the sounds emanating from Seattle， though， it would now seem the WTO has now replaced the Trilateral Commission and the Freemasons as candidate to take over the world.
Everybody has his favorite Seattle story. The citys police chief will have plenty of time to think about his， having now resigned in disgrace over the loss of control of downtown Seattle. The Seattle business community may be more inclined to brood over theirs； the poor fools invested $9 million to attract the meeting to their fine city. What stands out more？ I would nominate the union of steel workers who were marching in protest. Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come.
The debate now is over just how effective this antiglobalist coalition will turn out to be. In the heat of the moment， it always looks as though the world as we know it is coming to an end. But the overwhelming likelihood is that we have not actually seen a replay of the antiVietnam War movement， which had much clearer focus， obviously， though its consequences were farreaching. How long， after all， can you protest against cheap imports when those same imports are all over your house？
No， the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political， and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit， which may be both good and bad. Taking the long view， other trade rounds have had difficult beginnings， too. It took years to get the Uruguay Round under way， which finally happened in 1986. Thankfully， we will soon be electing another president， and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric.
Still， it is a disgrace that the worlds greatest trading nation， i.e， the United States， is currently led by a man whose motivations are so narrowly political and egocentric that he has now wrecked any chance of entering the history books as a champion of free trade.
1. According to the passage， which of the following statement is TRUE？
A. The WTO has already replaced the Trilateral Commission and the Freemason to take over the world.
B. The opening meeting of the socalled Millennium trade round was successful.
C. People who wanted to wreck the WTO felt very guilty about their behavior.
D. The Seattle business community invested $9 million to attract the meeting to their fine city.
2. Which of the following goals that the WTO wants to achieve are NOT mentioned in the passage？
A. It wants to promote the world economic growth and bring about prosperity.
B. It can ease the settlement of international trade dispute.
C. We will have more expensive imports from other countries.
D. We have the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.
3. Whats the real reason for the disaster in Seattle？
A. The police chief in Seattle has resigned in disgrace because of his incompetence to control the chaos.
B. A lot of people are part of a movement that wants to wreck the WTO.
C. The President Clinton has his wrong political attitude.
D. The Seattle business community lost too much money on this meeting.
4. The meaning of the underlined word “melee” is.
A. a large noisy uncontrolled crowd
B. a state of untidiness， dirtiness or lack of organization
C. happy or showing enjoyment
D. a persons appearance， esp， the typical expression on their face
5. The author has a（n）attitude towards the President Clintons handling the WTO issue.
A. critical B. objective C. optimistic D. satisfying
Passage 4
Most people would agree that， although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge， there has been no correlative increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define“wisdom”and consider means of promoting it. I want to ask first what wisdom is， and then what can we done to reach it.
There are， I think， several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion； the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the specialized knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose， for example， that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your intellectual energy. You have no time to consider the effect which you discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed （let us say）， as modern medicine has succeeded， in enormously lowering the infant death rate， not only in Europe and America， but also in Asia and Africa. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the most populous parts of the world. To take an even more spectacular example， which is in everybodys mind at the present time： you study the composition of the atom from a disinterested desire for knowledge. And incidentally place in the hands of powerful lunatics the means of destroying the human race. In such ways the pursuit of knowledge may become harmful unless it is combined with wisdom； and wisdom in the sense of comprehensive vision is not necessarily present in specialists in the pursuit of knowledge.
Comprehensiveness alone， however， is not enough to constitute wisdom. There must be， also， a certain awareness of the ends of human life. This maybe illustrated by the study of history. Many eminent historians have done more harm than good because they viewed facts through the distorting medium of their own passions. Hegel had a philosophy of history which did not suffer from any lack of comprehensiveness. Since it started from the earliest times and continued into an indefinite future. But the chief lesson of history which he sought to inculcate was that from the year A.D.400 down to his own time Germany had been the most important nation and the standardbearer of progress in the world. Perhaps one could stretch the comprehensiveness that constitutes wisdom to include not only intellect but also feeling. It is by no means uncommon to find men whose knowledge is wide but whose feelings are narrow. Such men lack what I am calling wisdom.
1. According to the author， several factors mentioned in the text that contribute to “wisdom” EXCPET.
A. the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem
B. a good knowledge of history
C. comprehensive knowledge as well as wide feeling
D. the specialized knowledge
2. What does the underlined word “disinterested” mean in the sentence？
A. unbiased ， not influenced by personal feeling or interests
B. not like
C. unwilling， reluctant
D. give a false appearance
3. By saying that “wisdom in the sense of comprehensive vision is not necessarily present in specialists in the pursuit of knowledge”， the author means that
A. every specialist in the pursuit of knowledge has the wisdom in the sense of comprehensive.
B. not every specialist in the pursuit of knowledge has the wisdom in the sense of comprehensive.
C. now specialists with the sense of comprehensive vision dont pursuit wisdom.
D. wisdom in the sense of comprehensive vision is a kind of knowledge.
4. Which of the following statement is NOT true？
A. The success of modern medicine incidentally results in the food shortage.
B. Some scientific researches may become harmful if they are in the hands of powerful lunatics.
C. Its very usual to find men whose knowledge is wide but whose feelings are narrow.
D. Many eminent historians have done more harm than good because of lack of comprehensiveness.
5. From the passage， it can be inferred that Hegel was a
A. historian B. philosopher C. poet D. writer
Keys and notes for the passage reading：
Passage 1
這是一篇經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章，講述了合法性企業(yè)發(fā)展的問題。通過介紹Iraq 當(dāng)前政權(quán)不合法、環(huán)境因素險(xiǎn)惡等不利條件，說明在伊境內(nèi)創(chuàng)辦企業(yè)的重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
第二段第一句：伊拉克境內(nèi)企業(yè)的合法性面臨前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)，特別是考慮它們是在一個(gè)社會文明被壓制了幾十年之久的國家里進(jìn)行協(xié)商活動，其鑒別難度更大。
1. 「B」B項(xiàng)是“it amounts to a de facto license to operate conferred on a firm by those it comes into contact with”的另一種說法。
2. 「A」見難句解析。
3. 「C」C中關(guān)于伊拉克當(dāng)前的政治狀況不在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的分析中，其他項(xiàng)的“合作伙伴可信度低；名譽(yù)喪失的危險(xiǎn)；經(jīng)濟(jì)不確定性”都有原文依據(jù)。
4. 「C」legitimate authority 在Watts的整段話中被重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)。另外，Watts的言論背景在文中也有介紹，“many have postponed a…establishment of a legitimate regime”。
5. 「C」后一段介紹了企業(yè)在伊拉克目前情況下如何求取生存，獲得一定的合法性，正是C項(xiàng)的意思。A，B，D均為錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)。
Passage 2
社會要求美國學(xué)校治愈社會的種種不滿意現(xiàn)狀，把教育制度變成社會變革的主要手段，這些使得學(xué)校偏離了教學(xué)這一基本目標(biāo)，雙語言教育加重了學(xué)校負(fù)擔(dān)。作者希望學(xué)?；貧w本位。
1. Clearly， this prolonged and illadvised effort to make the education system the principal tool for social change has contributed to such problems as the sharply increased incidence of functional illiteracy. 很明顯， 教育制度變成了社會變革的主要手段，這種持久且不明智的努力已引發(fā)了諸如半文盲劇增等一系列問題。
2. We are insisting both that the schools improve the way they teach English， so that language is removed as a barrier to learning and that they increase the number of courses taught in students native tongues， so that the pace of learning begun in their homelands continues uninterrupted. 我們不僅主張各學(xué)校改進(jìn)教授英語的方法，以使語言不再是學(xué)習(xí)的障礙；同時(shí)也主張?jiān)黾佑脤W(xué)生們自己的母語教授的課程數(shù)量，以便使學(xué)生們對他們在祖國開始的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度得以繼續(xù)而不被打斷。
1. 「C」第一段是總分結(jié)構(gòu)， 第一句話概括了整段大意，而選項(xiàng)A， B， D 分別是對C選項(xiàng)的補(bǔ)充說明。
2. 「A」“status quo” 的中文意思是指現(xiàn)狀或原來的狀況， 即選項(xiàng)A； 選項(xiàng)B是 “status symbol” 的英文解釋； 選項(xiàng)C是 “status” 的英文解釋； 選項(xiàng)D是 “statue” 的英文解釋。
3. 「D」選項(xiàng) A， B， C 都不是主要原因， 第二段提到教育制度變成了社會變革的主要手段，而這種持久且不明智的努力已引發(fā)了諸如半文盲劇增等一系列問題， 第四段說學(xué)校的大部分精力從教育這一基本任務(wù)上轉(zhuǎn)移到了別處。
4. 「C」選項(xiàng)A見第四段第一句； 選項(xiàng) B見第五段第二句； 選項(xiàng)D見后一段； 學(xué)校主張用學(xué)生自己的母語授課， 不是為了讓他們保留自己的身份，而是便于學(xué)生對他們在祖國開始的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度得以繼續(xù)而不被打斷。所以C是錯(cuò)的。
5. 「B」答案可在第六段后一句中找到。
Passage 3
本文描述世界貿(mào)易組織前期會談的艱難歷程，美國總統(tǒng)狹隘的政治動機(jī)和搞自我中心主義導(dǎo)致西雅圖會議的失敗。
1. In the case of the hapless multilateral trade body and its longsuffering representatives， the total failure of the opening meeting of the socalled Millennium trade round has lots of people boasting of their role in the melee. 對這個(gè)不幸的多國貿(mào)易會談的徹底失敗，許多人卻在鼓吹他們在導(dǎo)致其失敗中所起的作用。
2. It took years to get the Uruguay Round under way， which finally happened in 1986. Thankfully， we will soon be electing another president， and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric. 人們幾年后才走出1986年烏拉圭會談的陰影。值得慶幸的是，我們馬上就要選出一位新總統(tǒng)，新總統(tǒng)應(yīng)該是一位言行一致的人。
1. 「D」第二段后一句說：來自西雅圖會議的聲音似乎證明 “世界貿(mào)易組織”已經(jīng)取代了 “三邊會議”和 “經(jīng)濟(jì)互助組織”而成為有權(quán)威的組織來管理世界經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序。A項(xiàng)過于絕對肯定。從第一段的 “the total failure of the opening meeting……” 可看出這次會議是失敗的而不是成功的。B錯(cuò)，人們?yōu)槌蔀閾魯∈蕾Q(mào)組織這臺重要機(jī)器運(yùn)動的一員而感到驕傲而不是內(nèi)疚。選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)。
2. 「C」我們應(yīng)該有更多便宜的進(jìn)口貨物而不是昂貴的進(jìn)口貨物， 所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)了， 其他選項(xiàng)可在文中找到。
3. 「C」文中第五、六段指出：西雅圖會議失敗的真正原因是目前美國總統(tǒng)狹隘的政治動機(jī)， 搞自我中心主義。
4. 「A」“melee”的意思是 “混亂的人群，混戰(zhàn)”。A正確。
5. 「A」答案可參考第3題。
Passage 4
作者對智慧下了新的定義，指出智慧不僅包括知識上的全面，也包括情感上的寬容。
To take an even more spectacular example， which is in everybodys mind at the present time： you study the composition of the atom from a disinterested desire for knowledge. And incidentally place in the hands of powerful lunatics the means of destroying the human race. 舉一個(gè)更引人矚目而且現(xiàn)在人人關(guān)心的例子吧：你原本只是出于一種對知識客觀無私的渴望去研究原子的構(gòu)造，可到頭來卻將毀滅整個(gè)人類的工具交給了大權(quán)在握的戰(zhàn)爭狂。
1. 「B」從文中第二段可找到答案，A，C，D都包含在智慧的范圍里，而在文中沒提到B項(xiàng)是智慧的一個(gè)因素。
2. 「A」“disinterested” 意為 “公正不阿的， 無偏見和私欲的”； “dislike” 意為“不喜歡， 反感”； “disinclined” 意為 “不情愿， 勉強(qiáng)”； “disguised” 意為 “偽裝， 假扮”。
3. 「B」原句意為“并不是每個(gè)求知的專家人士都具有把握全局的智慧”。選項(xiàng)A，C，D與原意不符。
4. 「D」A見第二段第七句， B見第二段第九句， C見第三段倒數(shù)第二句。許多歷史學(xué)家?guī)Ыo人們的是壞處多于好處， 因?yàn)樗麄兪峭高^個(gè)人情感看待史事， 不是缺少全面的知識。所以D錯(cuò)。
5. 「B」可從后一段第五行找到答案。黑格爾是德國的哲學(xué)家。