一、真題文章 （ 1994年text 5 ）
Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not， as legend would have it， look at the mold （ 霉 ） on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer； even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal ——and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas， but innovators work consciously on theirs， and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions ， professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there' s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done， " wrote Rudolph Flesch ， a language authority， this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient ： "How come nobody thought of that before？"
The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B， the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses， which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.
Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
二、譯文
一些不了解情況的人認(rèn)為科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)自盲目的靈感或者是戲劇性的意外事故的結(jié)果。但Alexander Fleming 并不像傳說(shuō)中的那樣，看著奶酪上長(zhǎng)出的霉，在那一瞬間就想到了青霉素。在這一發(fā)現(xiàn)之前，他已經(jīng)花了九年的時(shí)間實(shí)驗(yàn)抗生素物質(zhì)。發(fā)明創(chuàng)造幾乎總是來(lái)自辛勤的實(shí)驗(yàn)和不斷的錯(cuò)誤之后。創(chuàng)造就像踢足球，即使的球員也會(huì)失球，并且球被堵射的機(jī)會(huì)總是比進(jìn)球的機(jī)會(huì)要頻繁的多。
比賽中得分最多的球員正是那些射門(mén)次數(shù)最多的——任何領(lǐng)域中的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造也都是這樣的。發(fā)明家與其他人的主要區(qū)別在于方法的不同，每個(gè)人都會(huì)有些想法，但發(fā)明家有意識(shí)的試驗(yàn)自己的想法，直到最終證明可行或不可行。而普通人認(rèn)為是奇思怪想的東西，在職業(yè)發(fā)明家的眼里也許就是極大的可能。
語(yǔ)言學(xué)權(quán)威Rudolph Flesch 曾寫(xiě)道："創(chuàng)造性思維的含義也許就是認(rèn)識(shí)到?jīng)]有必要總是循規(guī)蹈矩的做事情。"這道出了我們對(duì)一些發(fā)明的反應(yīng)，如塑料垃圾和帶輪子的行李箱，它們外表簡(jiǎn)單，但給我們的生活卻帶來(lái)了極大的方便，我們總是想"為什么以前沒(méi)有人想到呢？"
創(chuàng)造性源自于認(rèn)為事情并不像它們表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的那樣。發(fā)明家從不認(rèn)為做一件事情的方法只有一種。普通人在面臨A到B的問(wèn)題時(shí)會(huì)自動(dòng)采取最為人熟悉、并且從表面上看來(lái)是最簡(jiǎn)單的路線。而發(fā)明家則會(huì)尋找其他路徑，這種可能從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看來(lái)更加簡(jiǎn)單，而且即使這種可能讓人走入了死胡同，也是非常有趣和富有挑戰(zhàn)性的。
具有創(chuàng)新思維的人的確有與眾不同的想法。
三、考研核心詞匯
technology / tek5nClEdVi / n. 技術(shù)， 工藝， 工程， 方法制造，
[例] Science and technology is the symbol of the modern society .
科技是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的標(biāo)志。
[派生] technological / 7teknE5lCdVikEl / adj. 科技的
technologist / tek5nClEdVist / n. 技術(shù)專家， 工藝學(xué)家， 工藝人員
dramatic / drE5mAtik / adj. 戲劇性的， 動(dòng)人的
[例] The mountains ， blue -green glaciers， and other dramatic sights are attracting more and more tourists each year . 連綿的山巒，翠綠的冰川，以及其他許多驚心動(dòng)魄的景色年年吸引著越來(lái)越多的游客。
[同義] significant ，noticeable
[派生] drama / 5drB：mE / n. （在舞臺(tái)上演的）戲劇， 戲劇藝術(shù)
dramatics / drE5mAtiks / n. 業(yè)余演出（或創(chuàng)作的）戲劇，戲劇效果
legend / 5ledVEnd / n. 傳說(shuō)， 傳奇，偉人傳；圖例
[例] He is a legend in his own lifetime for his scientific discoveries .
他在他那時(shí)代是科學(xué)發(fā)明界的傳奇人物。
[派生] legendary / 5ledVEndEri / n. 傳奇故事書(shū)， 傳奇文學(xué) adj. 傳說(shuō)中的
mold / mEuld / n.1模子， 鑄型2霉3性格， 氣質(zhì) vt. 澆鑄， 塑造
[例] He is cast in his father's mold. 他長(zhǎng)得和他父親一模一樣。
[派生] moldy / 5mEJldI / adj. 發(fā)霉的， 腐臭的
antibacterial / 5AntibAk5tiEriEl / adj. 抗菌的 n. 抗菌藥
[例]The chemist experimented for many times and at last he discovered the antibacterial substances.
這個(gè)藥劑師實(shí)驗(yàn)了很多次，最終發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些抗菌物質(zhì)。
innovation / 7inEu5veiFEn / n. 創(chuàng)新， 革新， 改革， 新發(fā)明
[例] The innovation of air travel during this century has made the world seem smaller.本世紀(jì)發(fā)明的空中飛行似乎使世界變小了。
[派生] innovate / 5inEuveit / vi. 改革， 創(chuàng)新
innovative / `InEJveItIv/ adj. 創(chuàng)新的， 革新（主義）的
soccer / 5sCkE / n. 英式足球
[例] Soccer is a popular game played between 2 teams of 11 players whokick or touch a round ball without using the arms or hands .
足球是一種非常受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)，比賽雙方由11名球員組成，球員不得用手或胳膊觸碰球。
[同義] football / 5futbC：l / n.足球， 橄欖球
prime / praim / n. 最初， 青春， 精華 adj. 1主要的， 最初的， 有青春活力的2的 v. 1預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備好， <口>讓人吃（喝）足2灌注， 填裝
[例] 1灌注： They primed the lamp with oil. 他們?yōu)闊艏訚M了油。
2：Spring is the prime time for planting trees. 春天是植樹(shù)的時(shí)間。
[派生] primely / `praImlI / adv. 最初， 地， 極好地
[同義] chief ，leading ，main ， principal
[反義] subordinate
approach / E5prEutF / n. 1接近， 逼近， 走進(jìn)2方法， 步驟， 途徑， 通路 vt. 1接近2動(dòng)手處理 vi . 靠近
[例] 1接近：The performance approaches perfection.
表演近乎完美
2方法：The approach is perfect.
這是一個(gè)完美的方案。
[同義] reach， come near
[反義] separate ，part
consciously / 5kCnFEs li / adv. 有意識(shí)地， 自覺(jué)地
[例] He was badly hurt and could not think consciously .
他傷的很重不能有意識(shí)的想問(wèn)題。
[派生] conscious / 5kCnFEs / adj. 知道的， 意識(shí)到的有知覺(jué)的； 處于清醒狀態(tài)的
fanciful / 5fAnsiful / adj. 愛(ài)空想的， 奇怪的， 稀奇的， 想像的
[例] Your idea is rather fanciful .你的想法頗為虛懸。
[派生] fancy / 5fAnsi / adj. 奇特的， 異樣的 vt. 想象， 設(shè)想， 認(rèn)為， 愛(ài)好， 自負(fù) n. 愛(ài)好， 迷戀， 想象力
abstraction / Ab5strAkFEn / n.1抽象概念2提取，萃取，抽出3不切實(shí)際的觀念4出神5引水，抽血
[例] The idea of redness is an abstraction. 紅色概念是一種抽象概念。
[派生]abstract / 5AbstrAkt / n. 摘要， 概要， 抽象 adj.抽象的， 深?yuàn)W的， 理論的
vt.摘要， 提煉， 抽象化
abstractionism / Ab`strAkFEnIzEm / n.「美」抽象主義； 抽象派藝術(shù)
professional / prE5feFEnl / n. 自由職業(yè)者， 專業(yè)人員， 職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員， 職業(yè)藝人
adj.專業(yè)的， 職業(yè)的
[例] A lawyer is a professional man. 律師是從事專門(mén)職業(yè)的人。
[同義] occupational， vocational
[反義] amateur
[派生] profession / prE5feFEn / n. 職業(yè)， 專業(yè)， 表白， 宣布
virtue / 5vE：tju： / n. 德行， 美德， 優(yōu)點(diǎn)
[例] Honesty is a virtue. 誠(chéng)實(shí)是一種美德。
[同義] morality， merit， goodness
[反義] vice
[派生] virtuous / 5vE：tjuEs / adj.善良的， 有道德的， 貞潔的， 有效力的
[固定搭配]by virtue of 由于；靠…的力量 （= in virtue of）；
woman of easy virtue （和許多男人發(fā)生性關(guān)系的）水性女子；
authority / C：5WCriti/ n. 權(quán)威；權(quán)威人士；著作權(quán)威
[例] Deputies were given authority to make arrests. 代表們被授予拘捕權(quán)
[同義] right， power
[派生] authorization / 7C：WErai5zeiFEn / n.授權(quán)， 認(rèn)可
authorize / 5C：WEraIz / v. 批準(zhǔn)
authorized / 5C：WEraIzd / adj. 權(quán)威認(rèn)可的， 審定的， 經(jīng)授權(quán)的
plastic / 5plAstik， plB：stik / n.1塑膠，可塑體，塑料制品2整形 adj.塑膠的， 塑造的， 有可塑性的， 造形的
[例] plastic cups 塑料杯 plastic surgery 整形外科
garbage / 5^B：bidV / n.垃圾， 廢物
[例] Their advice turned out to be nothing but garbage.
他們的意見(jiàn)僅僅是廢話
[同義] junk， litter， refuse， rubbish， trash， waste
proposition / 7prCpE5ziFEn / n. 主張， 建議；問(wèn)題 vi. 提議， 建議
[例] Finding an affordable apartment will be a difficult proposition.
要找到一間付得起的公寓是件難事
[同義] suggestion
[派生] propose / prE5pEuz / vt.計(jì)劃， 建議， 向……提議， 求（婚）
vi.打算， 求婚
apparently / E5pArEntlI / adv. 顯然地， 明白； 外觀上地
[例] I wasn't there ， but apparently she tried to drown him .
我當(dāng)時(shí)并不在場(chǎng)，不過(guò)她顯然想把他淹死。
[同義] evidently
alternate / C：l5tE：nit / adj. 交替的， 輪流的； 預(yù)備的 v. 交替， 輪流， 改變
[例] His life seems very dull and alternates between work and sleep.
他的生活似乎很枯燥，就是工作完了睡覺(jué)，睡完覺(jué)又工作。
[同義] periodic ，rotate ， change
[反義] consecutive， successive， sequent
[派生] alternation / 7C：ltE：5neiFEn / n.交替， 輪流， 間隔
alternative / C：l5tE：nEtiv / n. 二中擇一， 可供選擇的辦法， 事物 adj.選擇性的， 二中擇一的
bound / baund / n. 躍進(jìn)， 跳， 范圍， 限度 adj. 正要啟程的， 開(kāi)往？去的， 被束縛的， 裝訂的 v. 跳躍， 限制
[例]1跳： His heart bounded with excitement. 他興奮得心頭砰砰直跳。
2限度Our joy knew no bounds. 我們快樂(lè)無(wú)比。
[同義] jump， leap
[固定搭配]be bound to 必定， 一定；be bound up in 熱心于， 專心致志于；
be bound up with 與……有密切聯(lián)系； 與……利益一致；
四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
1. His character has been ________ more by his experiences in life than by the education he got at school .
A. beheld B. harnessed C. molded D. condensed
2. ________ in factories sometimes cause industrial troubles .
A. Processes B. Motivation C. Exclusion D. Innovations
3. I was attracted by a very _________ woman with flashing eyes and a long black dress.
A. drastic B. consistent C. dramatic D. implicit
4. His book presents a new _______ to the difficulty .
A. approach B. consumption C. contamination D. array
5. He wore a look of ________ and I knew his thought were far away .
A. excitement B. abstraction C. concentration D. strain
6. If a footballer handles the ball to stop another player getting it ， it is often called a ________ offence .
A. productive B. primitive C. professional D. potential
7. Look！ There are so many dark clouds . It's ________ to rain .
A. imperative B. rival C. bound D. desolate
8. The ________ at the town hall are slow to deal with the complaints .
A. blacksmith B. authority C. jargon D. mount
9. The man wanted to buy our house and made us an attractive _______ .
A. auction B. judge C. justice D. proposition
10. She was so nervous that she ________ in watching the clock and staring at the telephone .
A. alternated B. amended C. amazed D. succeeded
答案：CDCAB CCBDA
Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not， as legend would have it， look at the mold （ 霉 ） on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer； even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal ——and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas， but innovators work consciously on theirs， and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions ， professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there' s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done， " wrote Rudolph Flesch ， a language authority， this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient ： "How come nobody thought of that before？"
The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B， the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses， which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.
Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
二、譯文
一些不了解情況的人認(rèn)為科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)自盲目的靈感或者是戲劇性的意外事故的結(jié)果。但Alexander Fleming 并不像傳說(shuō)中的那樣，看著奶酪上長(zhǎng)出的霉，在那一瞬間就想到了青霉素。在這一發(fā)現(xiàn)之前，他已經(jīng)花了九年的時(shí)間實(shí)驗(yàn)抗生素物質(zhì)。發(fā)明創(chuàng)造幾乎總是來(lái)自辛勤的實(shí)驗(yàn)和不斷的錯(cuò)誤之后。創(chuàng)造就像踢足球，即使的球員也會(huì)失球，并且球被堵射的機(jī)會(huì)總是比進(jìn)球的機(jī)會(huì)要頻繁的多。
比賽中得分最多的球員正是那些射門(mén)次數(shù)最多的——任何領(lǐng)域中的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造也都是這樣的。發(fā)明家與其他人的主要區(qū)別在于方法的不同，每個(gè)人都會(huì)有些想法，但發(fā)明家有意識(shí)的試驗(yàn)自己的想法，直到最終證明可行或不可行。而普通人認(rèn)為是奇思怪想的東西，在職業(yè)發(fā)明家的眼里也許就是極大的可能。
語(yǔ)言學(xué)權(quán)威Rudolph Flesch 曾寫(xiě)道："創(chuàng)造性思維的含義也許就是認(rèn)識(shí)到?jīng)]有必要總是循規(guī)蹈矩的做事情。"這道出了我們對(duì)一些發(fā)明的反應(yīng)，如塑料垃圾和帶輪子的行李箱，它們外表簡(jiǎn)單，但給我們的生活卻帶來(lái)了極大的方便，我們總是想"為什么以前沒(méi)有人想到呢？"
創(chuàng)造性源自于認(rèn)為事情并不像它們表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的那樣。發(fā)明家從不認(rèn)為做一件事情的方法只有一種。普通人在面臨A到B的問(wèn)題時(shí)會(huì)自動(dòng)采取最為人熟悉、并且從表面上看來(lái)是最簡(jiǎn)單的路線。而發(fā)明家則會(huì)尋找其他路徑，這種可能從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看來(lái)更加簡(jiǎn)單，而且即使這種可能讓人走入了死胡同，也是非常有趣和富有挑戰(zhàn)性的。
具有創(chuàng)新思維的人的確有與眾不同的想法。
三、考研核心詞匯
technology / tek5nClEdVi / n. 技術(shù)， 工藝， 工程， 方法制造，
[例] Science and technology is the symbol of the modern society .
科技是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的標(biāo)志。
[派生] technological / 7teknE5lCdVikEl / adj. 科技的
technologist / tek5nClEdVist / n. 技術(shù)專家， 工藝學(xué)家， 工藝人員
dramatic / drE5mAtik / adj. 戲劇性的， 動(dòng)人的
[例] The mountains ， blue -green glaciers， and other dramatic sights are attracting more and more tourists each year . 連綿的山巒，翠綠的冰川，以及其他許多驚心動(dòng)魄的景色年年吸引著越來(lái)越多的游客。
[同義] significant ，noticeable
[派生] drama / 5drB：mE / n. （在舞臺(tái)上演的）戲劇， 戲劇藝術(shù)
dramatics / drE5mAtiks / n. 業(yè)余演出（或創(chuàng)作的）戲劇，戲劇效果
legend / 5ledVEnd / n. 傳說(shuō)， 傳奇，偉人傳；圖例
[例] He is a legend in his own lifetime for his scientific discoveries .
他在他那時(shí)代是科學(xué)發(fā)明界的傳奇人物。
[派生] legendary / 5ledVEndEri / n. 傳奇故事書(shū)， 傳奇文學(xué) adj. 傳說(shuō)中的
mold / mEuld / n.1模子， 鑄型2霉3性格， 氣質(zhì) vt. 澆鑄， 塑造
[例] He is cast in his father's mold. 他長(zhǎng)得和他父親一模一樣。
[派生] moldy / 5mEJldI / adj. 發(fā)霉的， 腐臭的
antibacterial / 5AntibAk5tiEriEl / adj. 抗菌的 n. 抗菌藥
[例]The chemist experimented for many times and at last he discovered the antibacterial substances.
這個(gè)藥劑師實(shí)驗(yàn)了很多次，最終發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些抗菌物質(zhì)。
innovation / 7inEu5veiFEn / n. 創(chuàng)新， 革新， 改革， 新發(fā)明
[例] The innovation of air travel during this century has made the world seem smaller.本世紀(jì)發(fā)明的空中飛行似乎使世界變小了。
[派生] innovate / 5inEuveit / vi. 改革， 創(chuàng)新
innovative / `InEJveItIv/ adj. 創(chuàng)新的， 革新（主義）的
soccer / 5sCkE / n. 英式足球
[例] Soccer is a popular game played between 2 teams of 11 players whokick or touch a round ball without using the arms or hands .
足球是一種非常受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)，比賽雙方由11名球員組成，球員不得用手或胳膊觸碰球。
[同義] football / 5futbC：l / n.足球， 橄欖球
prime / praim / n. 最初， 青春， 精華 adj. 1主要的， 最初的， 有青春活力的2的 v. 1預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備好， <口>讓人吃（喝）足2灌注， 填裝
[例] 1灌注： They primed the lamp with oil. 他們?yōu)闊艏訚M了油。
2：Spring is the prime time for planting trees. 春天是植樹(shù)的時(shí)間。
[派生] primely / `praImlI / adv. 最初， 地， 極好地
[同義] chief ，leading ，main ， principal
[反義] subordinate
approach / E5prEutF / n. 1接近， 逼近， 走進(jìn)2方法， 步驟， 途徑， 通路 vt. 1接近2動(dòng)手處理 vi . 靠近
[例] 1接近：The performance approaches perfection.
表演近乎完美
2方法：The approach is perfect.
這是一個(gè)完美的方案。
[同義] reach， come near
[反義] separate ，part
consciously / 5kCnFEs li / adv. 有意識(shí)地， 自覺(jué)地
[例] He was badly hurt and could not think consciously .
他傷的很重不能有意識(shí)的想問(wèn)題。
[派生] conscious / 5kCnFEs / adj. 知道的， 意識(shí)到的有知覺(jué)的； 處于清醒狀態(tài)的
fanciful / 5fAnsiful / adj. 愛(ài)空想的， 奇怪的， 稀奇的， 想像的
[例] Your idea is rather fanciful .你的想法頗為虛懸。
[派生] fancy / 5fAnsi / adj. 奇特的， 異樣的 vt. 想象， 設(shè)想， 認(rèn)為， 愛(ài)好， 自負(fù) n. 愛(ài)好， 迷戀， 想象力
abstraction / Ab5strAkFEn / n.1抽象概念2提取，萃取，抽出3不切實(shí)際的觀念4出神5引水，抽血
[例] The idea of redness is an abstraction. 紅色概念是一種抽象概念。
[派生]abstract / 5AbstrAkt / n. 摘要， 概要， 抽象 adj.抽象的， 深?yuàn)W的， 理論的
vt.摘要， 提煉， 抽象化
abstractionism / Ab`strAkFEnIzEm / n.「美」抽象主義； 抽象派藝術(shù)
professional / prE5feFEnl / n. 自由職業(yè)者， 專業(yè)人員， 職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員， 職業(yè)藝人
adj.專業(yè)的， 職業(yè)的
[例] A lawyer is a professional man. 律師是從事專門(mén)職業(yè)的人。
[同義] occupational， vocational
[反義] amateur
[派生] profession / prE5feFEn / n. 職業(yè)， 專業(yè)， 表白， 宣布
virtue / 5vE：tju： / n. 德行， 美德， 優(yōu)點(diǎn)
[例] Honesty is a virtue. 誠(chéng)實(shí)是一種美德。
[同義] morality， merit， goodness
[反義] vice
[派生] virtuous / 5vE：tjuEs / adj.善良的， 有道德的， 貞潔的， 有效力的
[固定搭配]by virtue of 由于；靠…的力量 （= in virtue of）；
woman of easy virtue （和許多男人發(fā)生性關(guān)系的）水性女子；
authority / C：5WCriti/ n. 權(quán)威；權(quán)威人士；著作權(quán)威
[例] Deputies were given authority to make arrests. 代表們被授予拘捕權(quán)
[同義] right， power
[派生] authorization / 7C：WErai5zeiFEn / n.授權(quán)， 認(rèn)可
authorize / 5C：WEraIz / v. 批準(zhǔn)
authorized / 5C：WEraIzd / adj. 權(quán)威認(rèn)可的， 審定的， 經(jīng)授權(quán)的
plastic / 5plAstik， plB：stik / n.1塑膠，可塑體，塑料制品2整形 adj.塑膠的， 塑造的， 有可塑性的， 造形的
[例] plastic cups 塑料杯 plastic surgery 整形外科
garbage / 5^B：bidV / n.垃圾， 廢物
[例] Their advice turned out to be nothing but garbage.
他們的意見(jiàn)僅僅是廢話
[同義] junk， litter， refuse， rubbish， trash， waste
proposition / 7prCpE5ziFEn / n. 主張， 建議；問(wèn)題 vi. 提議， 建議
[例] Finding an affordable apartment will be a difficult proposition.
要找到一間付得起的公寓是件難事
[同義] suggestion
[派生] propose / prE5pEuz / vt.計(jì)劃， 建議， 向……提議， 求（婚）
vi.打算， 求婚
apparently / E5pArEntlI / adv. 顯然地， 明白； 外觀上地
[例] I wasn't there ， but apparently she tried to drown him .
我當(dāng)時(shí)并不在場(chǎng)，不過(guò)她顯然想把他淹死。
[同義] evidently
alternate / C：l5tE：nit / adj. 交替的， 輪流的； 預(yù)備的 v. 交替， 輪流， 改變
[例] His life seems very dull and alternates between work and sleep.
他的生活似乎很枯燥，就是工作完了睡覺(jué)，睡完覺(jué)又工作。
[同義] periodic ，rotate ， change
[反義] consecutive， successive， sequent
[派生] alternation / 7C：ltE：5neiFEn / n.交替， 輪流， 間隔
alternative / C：l5tE：nEtiv / n. 二中擇一， 可供選擇的辦法， 事物 adj.選擇性的， 二中擇一的
bound / baund / n. 躍進(jìn)， 跳， 范圍， 限度 adj. 正要啟程的， 開(kāi)往？去的， 被束縛的， 裝訂的 v. 跳躍， 限制
[例]1跳： His heart bounded with excitement. 他興奮得心頭砰砰直跳。
2限度Our joy knew no bounds. 我們快樂(lè)無(wú)比。
[同義] jump， leap
[固定搭配]be bound to 必定， 一定；be bound up in 熱心于， 專心致志于；
be bound up with 與……有密切聯(lián)系； 與……利益一致；
四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
1. His character has been ________ more by his experiences in life than by the education he got at school .
A. beheld B. harnessed C. molded D. condensed
2. ________ in factories sometimes cause industrial troubles .
A. Processes B. Motivation C. Exclusion D. Innovations
3. I was attracted by a very _________ woman with flashing eyes and a long black dress.
A. drastic B. consistent C. dramatic D. implicit
4. His book presents a new _______ to the difficulty .
A. approach B. consumption C. contamination D. array
5. He wore a look of ________ and I knew his thought were far away .
A. excitement B. abstraction C. concentration D. strain
6. If a footballer handles the ball to stop another player getting it ， it is often called a ________ offence .
A. productive B. primitive C. professional D. potential
7. Look！ There are so many dark clouds . It's ________ to rain .
A. imperative B. rival C. bound D. desolate
8. The ________ at the town hall are slow to deal with the complaints .
A. blacksmith B. authority C. jargon D. mount
9. The man wanted to buy our house and made us an attractive _______ .
A. auction B. judge C. justice D. proposition
10. She was so nervous that she ________ in watching the clock and staring at the telephone .
A. alternated B. amended C. amazed D. succeeded
答案：CDCAB CCBDA