Questions 1-7
A band has five members-Jack, Karen, Louse, Mark, and Nancy. Whenever they give a performance, each of them plays one of five instruments-a banjo, a drum, a guitar, a harmonica, and a piano. All five instruments are used in each performance.
Karen is able to play only the banjo.
Jack is able to play only the harmonica.
Nancy is able to play any instrument except the piano.
Mark is able to play both the guitar and the drum, but no other instruments.
Louise is able to play any instrument.
1. Which of the following could be true?
(A) Mark plays the drum at a performance.
(B) Karen plays the harmonica at a performance.
(C) Jack plays the piano at a performance.
(D) Nancy plays the piano at a performance.
(E) Louise plays the harmonica at a performance.
2. What instrument must Louise play at a performance?
(A) Banjo
(B) Drum
(C) Guitar
(D) Harmonica
(E) Piano
3. Which of the following CANNOT be true?
(A) Jack plays the harmonica at a performance.
(B) Karen plays the piano at a performance.
(C) Nancy plays the drum at a performance.
(D) Mark plays the guitar at a performance.
(E) Louise plays the piano at a performance.
4. If Nancy plays the drum at a performance, who plays the guitar?
(A) Jack
(B) Karen
(C) Louise
(D) Mark
(E) Nancy
5. Political campaigns to win election to an office are much more costly than campaigns to retain an office. Two separate econometric studies made three years ago found that a challenger's campaign expenditures would have to exceed those of the incumbent by $200,000 to make a difference. And this is just an average figure. Since campaign expenses differ widely from election district to election district, there will be individual districts where this figure is considerable higher.
The information above provides which of the following reasons for not placing limits on campaign spending?
(A) Such limits undemocratically, and thus indefensibly, restrict political competition by favoring incumbents.
(B) Such limits are currently set too high for actual campaign expenditures to be affected.
(C) Such limits run counter to the stilit of constitutional granaries of an individual's right to act freely as long as nobody else's rights are abridged.
(D) Such limits are determined separately for each election district on the basis of previous levels of campaign expenditures.
(E) Such limits in no way guarantee a candidate's ability to raise as much money as he or she is entitled to raise.
6. In 1974, Congress reduced the income tax rates for single persons. This change had the effect of penalizing married couples with two incomes, because they then were required to pay more in taxes than they would have if they had remained single. Since 1974, there has been a 149 percent increase in the number of unmarried couples living together. Therefore, Congress could significantly increase the number of marriages among such couples by revising the present income tax rates.
The main flaw in the reasoning in the passage above is that it
(A) suggests that Congress revamp current income tax laws to favor married couples with two incomes
(B) assumes that Congress intentionally penalized married couples when it required that they pay higher income taxes than single people
(C) suggests that Congress should consider now its income tax legislation affects ail segments of the population
(D) suggests that current income tax law, rather than one or more other factors, is responsible for the increase in the number of unmarried couples living together
(E) assumes that current income tax rates determine whether or not most married couples choose to remain married
7. Cars made in the United States average 21.5 miles per gallon of gas, whereas imported cars average 30.5 miles per gallon. Therefore, owners of cars made in the United States spend substantially more for gas than do owners of imported cars. As a result, the automobile industry in the United States is losing a significant portion of the car market to foreign car makers.
The passage above presupposes that
(A) imported cars are better engineered than most cars made in the United States
(B) automobile buyers in the United States are eager to preserve dwindling petroleum resources
(C)the cost of operation is an important consideration for those who buy automobiles
(D) imported cars and cars made in the United States cost approximately the same amount
(E) the automobile industry in the United States will continue to lose a significant portion of the car market to foreign car makers
Questions 8-11
While researching family tree, Anne discovered the following sketchy information about four of her ancestors:
Roy was born before John was born.
Stella died before Roy died.
Hazel died after John, Roy, and Stella died.
8. Which of the following must be true?
(A) John was born before Hazel was born.
(B) Stella was born before John died.
(C) Stella was born before Hazel, John, and Roy were born.
(D) Hazel was born after John, Roy, and Stella were born.
(E) Stella was born before Roy died.
9. If Hazel was born before Roy was born, which of the following must be true?
Ⅰ. Hazel lived longer than Roy.
Ⅱ. Hazel lived longer than John.
Ⅲ. Hazel lived longer than Stella.
(A)Ⅰonly
(B)Ⅱonly
(C)Ⅰand Ⅱ only
(D)Ⅱand Ⅲ only
(E)Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲ
10. If John died before Roy died, and Roy died before Hazel was born, which of the following must be true?
(A) Stella was not alive during Roy's lifetime.
(B) John was not alive during Hazel's lifetime.
(C) Stella was not alive during John's lifetime.
(D) John was born and died during Stella's lifetime.
(E) Stella was born and died during Roy's lifetime.
11. If Hazel was born after Roy died, which of the following could be true?
(A) John was Roy's father.
(B) Roy was Stella's father.
(C) Hazel was Stella's mother.
(D) Hazel was Roy's wife.
(E) Stella was Hazel's granddaughter.
Questions 12-14
A pegboard has a total of six holes, all in a horizontal line, numbered one through six from left to right. Five pegs-one blue, one green, one red, one white, and one yellow-are to be arranged in the pegboard, one peg per hole, leaving exactly one empty hole for any arrangement. To be acceptable, any arrangement of the pegs must meet the following conditions:
The green peg must be closer to the red peg than to the blue peg.
The yellow peg must be in the hole immediately to the left of the blue peg.
The white peg must not be in a hole immediately adjacent to the blue peg.
The red peg must not be in hole number one.
12. All of the following arrangements, given in left-to-right order, meet the conditions
EXCEPT
(A) green, red, white, empty hole, yellow blue
(B) green, red, empty hole, yellow, blue, white
(C) green, white, red, yellow, blue, empty hole
(D) white, empty hole, yellow, blue, red, green
(E) empty hole, green, white, red, yellow, blue
13. If the green peg must be in the hole immediately to the left to the yellow peg, which of the following arrangements, given in left-to-right, is acceptable?
(A) Red, green, yellow, blue, empty hole, white
(B) White, red, empty hole, green, yellow, blue
(C) Empty hole, red, green, yellow, blue, white
(D) Empty hole, white, red, green, yellow, blue
(E) Empty hole, red, white, green, yellow, blue
14. If the conditions are changed so that the red peg must be in hole number one, and if hole number six is the empty hole, then the only acceptable left-to-right arrangement of the remaining pegs is
(A) green, white, yellow, blue
(B) green, yellow, blue, white
(C) green, blue, yellow, white
(D) white, yellow, blue, green
(E) white, green, yellow, blue
Questions 15-17
The Apollo Movie Theatre showed six movies during a six-day period that began on Sunday and ended the following Friday. The movies shown, not necessarily in this order, were a musical, a comedy, a Western, a science fiction film, a horror film, and a disaster film. There was only one showing of only one movie on each day. During this six-day period, each of five paying movie reviewers, N, O, P, Q, and R, attended all the showing with the following exceptions:
There was no day of the week on which both
P and Q went to the movie.
On Tuesday and Friday, N did not go to the movies.
O never went to science fiction or horror films.
On Monday, Thursday, and Friday, P did not go to the movies.
Q never went to comedies, Westerns, or disaster films.
R never went to musicals, comedies, or Westerns.
15. If the Apollo Movie Theatre management charged the same price at all showings of the six movies, which of the following, if shown on Monday, would have brought in the LEAST revenue from the five reviewers?
(A) A musical
(B) A comedy
(C) A science fiction film
(D) A horror film
(E) A disaster film
16. If only two of the reviewers went to the same movie on a certain day, which of the following could be true?
(A) The day was Wednesday and the musical was shown.
(B) The day was Thursday and the disaster film was shown.
(C) The day was Monday and the musical was shown.
(D) the day was Tuesday and the science fiction film was shown.
(E) The day was Thursday and the horror film was shown.
17. If each of the reviewers went to the movies only once in the two-day period from Tuesday to Wednesday, and not all of the reviewers went to the movies on the same day, which of the following are possible kinds of movies shown on Tuesday and Wednesday, respectively?
(A) Horror film, Western
(B) Disaster film, comedy
(C) Western, musical
(D) Musical, Western
(E) Comedy, Western
Questions 18-22
Three women-Helene, Jane, and Sue-and four men-Elliott, George, Leonard, and Robert-are eligible to serve on a three-member committee, No other people are eligible.
Jane and George are the only people in the group who are related to each other.
People who are related to each other cannot serve together.
Robert cannot serve with any of the women.
18. If Jane has been appointed, the other two members must be selected from how many people?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
19. If Helene and Sue have been appointed, which of the following is a complete and accurate list of those people who could possibly be selected as the third member?
(A) Jane
(B) Jane, Elliott, Leonard
(C) Elliott, George, Leonard
(D) Jane, George, Elliott, Leonard
(E) Jane, George, Elliott, Leonard, Robert
20. If Elliott and Leonard refuse to serve, what is the total number of possible combinations of committee members?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
21. If there is an additional condition that the committee members cannot all be of the same sex, and if George has been appointed, what is the total number of people from which the other two members must be selected?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
22. If there is an additional condition that the committee members cannot all be of the same sex, what is the total numbers of possible combinations of committee members?
(A) 6
(B) 8
(C) 10
(D) 12
(E) 14
23. A presidential candidate argues that the best way to fight inflation and unemployment is for the federal government to increase taxes and use the increased revenues for the creation of new jobs. His vice-presidential candidate has argued that the best way to fight inflation and unemployment is for the federal government to cut taxes and thereby encourage the private sector to create new jobs. The vice-presidential candidate says he can accept his running mate's position because they both favor creating new jobs to fight inflation and unemployment.
The vice-presidential candidate minimizes his differences with the presidential candidate by
(A) confusing their two different approaches for fighting inflation and unemployment with one another
(B) ignoring the difficulty in implementing the presidential candidate's proposes solution
(C) suggesting that there are different ways to fight inflation and unemployment
(D) implying that they will be able to work together
(E) claiming that they both have the same goal
24. The consumer and the general taxpayer subsidize the automobile in many ways that may at first be overlooked. They pay for traffic signals, extra police officers, pollution cleanup, and traffic engineering departments. They also pay when the cost of purchasing and maintaining land for parking space is added into a store's overhead and becomes a factor in determining the prices that the store will charge.
Which of the following sentences would provide the most logical conclusion for this paragraph?
(A) People who demand public subsidy of underground mass transportation are asking for an unprecedented kind of support.
(B) Because only the automobile incurs hidden expenses, this country should support underground mass transit systems.
(C) People who expect underground mass transit systems to operate without subsidy, therefore, are not being realist.
(D) Increasing emphasis on underground mass transportation, therefore, will change our style of life in ways we cannot even imagine.
(E) People who expect underground mass transit systems to gradually supplant out reliance on the automobile are not being realistic.
25. People who advocate gun control often do so because they think that potentially harmful weapons should be registered with proper authorities; but would they also be in favor of registering kitchen knives, crowbars, and even people's hands?
Which of the following parallels the method of argumentation above but argues for an opposing view?
(A) If potentially harmful weapons like guns do not need to be registered, then why can citizens not posses their own atom bombs without government regulation?
(B) If the ownership of guns is controlled through a system of registration, would it not be harder for criminals to purchase and use such weapons?
(C) Since the Second Amendment guarantees citizens the right to bear arms, would it not be unconstitutional for that right to be limited, even by the government?
(D) Since the government issues many regulations governing ordinary activities, why should it not regulate a serious activity like the use of handguns and rifles?
(E) If the government requires that guns be registered, then what is to stop it from requiring that hunting bows, spears, and even fishing rods be registered?
A band has five members-Jack, Karen, Louse, Mark, and Nancy. Whenever they give a performance, each of them plays one of five instruments-a banjo, a drum, a guitar, a harmonica, and a piano. All five instruments are used in each performance.
Karen is able to play only the banjo.
Jack is able to play only the harmonica.
Nancy is able to play any instrument except the piano.
Mark is able to play both the guitar and the drum, but no other instruments.
Louise is able to play any instrument.
1. Which of the following could be true?
(A) Mark plays the drum at a performance.
(B) Karen plays the harmonica at a performance.
(C) Jack plays the piano at a performance.
(D) Nancy plays the piano at a performance.
(E) Louise plays the harmonica at a performance.
2. What instrument must Louise play at a performance?
(A) Banjo
(B) Drum
(C) Guitar
(D) Harmonica
(E) Piano
3. Which of the following CANNOT be true?
(A) Jack plays the harmonica at a performance.
(B) Karen plays the piano at a performance.
(C) Nancy plays the drum at a performance.
(D) Mark plays the guitar at a performance.
(E) Louise plays the piano at a performance.
4. If Nancy plays the drum at a performance, who plays the guitar?
(A) Jack
(B) Karen
(C) Louise
(D) Mark
(E) Nancy
5. Political campaigns to win election to an office are much more costly than campaigns to retain an office. Two separate econometric studies made three years ago found that a challenger's campaign expenditures would have to exceed those of the incumbent by $200,000 to make a difference. And this is just an average figure. Since campaign expenses differ widely from election district to election district, there will be individual districts where this figure is considerable higher.
The information above provides which of the following reasons for not placing limits on campaign spending?
(A) Such limits undemocratically, and thus indefensibly, restrict political competition by favoring incumbents.
(B) Such limits are currently set too high for actual campaign expenditures to be affected.
(C) Such limits run counter to the stilit of constitutional granaries of an individual's right to act freely as long as nobody else's rights are abridged.
(D) Such limits are determined separately for each election district on the basis of previous levels of campaign expenditures.
(E) Such limits in no way guarantee a candidate's ability to raise as much money as he or she is entitled to raise.
6. In 1974, Congress reduced the income tax rates for single persons. This change had the effect of penalizing married couples with two incomes, because they then were required to pay more in taxes than they would have if they had remained single. Since 1974, there has been a 149 percent increase in the number of unmarried couples living together. Therefore, Congress could significantly increase the number of marriages among such couples by revising the present income tax rates.
The main flaw in the reasoning in the passage above is that it
(A) suggests that Congress revamp current income tax laws to favor married couples with two incomes
(B) assumes that Congress intentionally penalized married couples when it required that they pay higher income taxes than single people
(C) suggests that Congress should consider now its income tax legislation affects ail segments of the population
(D) suggests that current income tax law, rather than one or more other factors, is responsible for the increase in the number of unmarried couples living together
(E) assumes that current income tax rates determine whether or not most married couples choose to remain married
7. Cars made in the United States average 21.5 miles per gallon of gas, whereas imported cars average 30.5 miles per gallon. Therefore, owners of cars made in the United States spend substantially more for gas than do owners of imported cars. As a result, the automobile industry in the United States is losing a significant portion of the car market to foreign car makers.
The passage above presupposes that
(A) imported cars are better engineered than most cars made in the United States
(B) automobile buyers in the United States are eager to preserve dwindling petroleum resources
(C)the cost of operation is an important consideration for those who buy automobiles
(D) imported cars and cars made in the United States cost approximately the same amount
(E) the automobile industry in the United States will continue to lose a significant portion of the car market to foreign car makers
Questions 8-11
While researching family tree, Anne discovered the following sketchy information about four of her ancestors:
Roy was born before John was born.
Stella died before Roy died.
Hazel died after John, Roy, and Stella died.
8. Which of the following must be true?
(A) John was born before Hazel was born.
(B) Stella was born before John died.
(C) Stella was born before Hazel, John, and Roy were born.
(D) Hazel was born after John, Roy, and Stella were born.
(E) Stella was born before Roy died.
9. If Hazel was born before Roy was born, which of the following must be true?
Ⅰ. Hazel lived longer than Roy.
Ⅱ. Hazel lived longer than John.
Ⅲ. Hazel lived longer than Stella.
(A)Ⅰonly
(B)Ⅱonly
(C)Ⅰand Ⅱ only
(D)Ⅱand Ⅲ only
(E)Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲ
10. If John died before Roy died, and Roy died before Hazel was born, which of the following must be true?
(A) Stella was not alive during Roy's lifetime.
(B) John was not alive during Hazel's lifetime.
(C) Stella was not alive during John's lifetime.
(D) John was born and died during Stella's lifetime.
(E) Stella was born and died during Roy's lifetime.
11. If Hazel was born after Roy died, which of the following could be true?
(A) John was Roy's father.
(B) Roy was Stella's father.
(C) Hazel was Stella's mother.
(D) Hazel was Roy's wife.
(E) Stella was Hazel's granddaughter.
Questions 12-14
A pegboard has a total of six holes, all in a horizontal line, numbered one through six from left to right. Five pegs-one blue, one green, one red, one white, and one yellow-are to be arranged in the pegboard, one peg per hole, leaving exactly one empty hole for any arrangement. To be acceptable, any arrangement of the pegs must meet the following conditions:
The green peg must be closer to the red peg than to the blue peg.
The yellow peg must be in the hole immediately to the left of the blue peg.
The white peg must not be in a hole immediately adjacent to the blue peg.
The red peg must not be in hole number one.
12. All of the following arrangements, given in left-to-right order, meet the conditions
EXCEPT
(A) green, red, white, empty hole, yellow blue
(B) green, red, empty hole, yellow, blue, white
(C) green, white, red, yellow, blue, empty hole
(D) white, empty hole, yellow, blue, red, green
(E) empty hole, green, white, red, yellow, blue
13. If the green peg must be in the hole immediately to the left to the yellow peg, which of the following arrangements, given in left-to-right, is acceptable?
(A) Red, green, yellow, blue, empty hole, white
(B) White, red, empty hole, green, yellow, blue
(C) Empty hole, red, green, yellow, blue, white
(D) Empty hole, white, red, green, yellow, blue
(E) Empty hole, red, white, green, yellow, blue
14. If the conditions are changed so that the red peg must be in hole number one, and if hole number six is the empty hole, then the only acceptable left-to-right arrangement of the remaining pegs is
(A) green, white, yellow, blue
(B) green, yellow, blue, white
(C) green, blue, yellow, white
(D) white, yellow, blue, green
(E) white, green, yellow, blue
Questions 15-17
The Apollo Movie Theatre showed six movies during a six-day period that began on Sunday and ended the following Friday. The movies shown, not necessarily in this order, were a musical, a comedy, a Western, a science fiction film, a horror film, and a disaster film. There was only one showing of only one movie on each day. During this six-day period, each of five paying movie reviewers, N, O, P, Q, and R, attended all the showing with the following exceptions:
There was no day of the week on which both
P and Q went to the movie.
On Tuesday and Friday, N did not go to the movies.
O never went to science fiction or horror films.
On Monday, Thursday, and Friday, P did not go to the movies.
Q never went to comedies, Westerns, or disaster films.
R never went to musicals, comedies, or Westerns.
15. If the Apollo Movie Theatre management charged the same price at all showings of the six movies, which of the following, if shown on Monday, would have brought in the LEAST revenue from the five reviewers?
(A) A musical
(B) A comedy
(C) A science fiction film
(D) A horror film
(E) A disaster film
16. If only two of the reviewers went to the same movie on a certain day, which of the following could be true?
(A) The day was Wednesday and the musical was shown.
(B) The day was Thursday and the disaster film was shown.
(C) The day was Monday and the musical was shown.
(D) the day was Tuesday and the science fiction film was shown.
(E) The day was Thursday and the horror film was shown.
17. If each of the reviewers went to the movies only once in the two-day period from Tuesday to Wednesday, and not all of the reviewers went to the movies on the same day, which of the following are possible kinds of movies shown on Tuesday and Wednesday, respectively?
(A) Horror film, Western
(B) Disaster film, comedy
(C) Western, musical
(D) Musical, Western
(E) Comedy, Western
Questions 18-22
Three women-Helene, Jane, and Sue-and four men-Elliott, George, Leonard, and Robert-are eligible to serve on a three-member committee, No other people are eligible.
Jane and George are the only people in the group who are related to each other.
People who are related to each other cannot serve together.
Robert cannot serve with any of the women.
18. If Jane has been appointed, the other two members must be selected from how many people?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
19. If Helene and Sue have been appointed, which of the following is a complete and accurate list of those people who could possibly be selected as the third member?
(A) Jane
(B) Jane, Elliott, Leonard
(C) Elliott, George, Leonard
(D) Jane, George, Elliott, Leonard
(E) Jane, George, Elliott, Leonard, Robert
20. If Elliott and Leonard refuse to serve, what is the total number of possible combinations of committee members?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
21. If there is an additional condition that the committee members cannot all be of the same sex, and if George has been appointed, what is the total number of people from which the other two members must be selected?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
22. If there is an additional condition that the committee members cannot all be of the same sex, what is the total numbers of possible combinations of committee members?
(A) 6
(B) 8
(C) 10
(D) 12
(E) 14
23. A presidential candidate argues that the best way to fight inflation and unemployment is for the federal government to increase taxes and use the increased revenues for the creation of new jobs. His vice-presidential candidate has argued that the best way to fight inflation and unemployment is for the federal government to cut taxes and thereby encourage the private sector to create new jobs. The vice-presidential candidate says he can accept his running mate's position because they both favor creating new jobs to fight inflation and unemployment.
The vice-presidential candidate minimizes his differences with the presidential candidate by
(A) confusing their two different approaches for fighting inflation and unemployment with one another
(B) ignoring the difficulty in implementing the presidential candidate's proposes solution
(C) suggesting that there are different ways to fight inflation and unemployment
(D) implying that they will be able to work together
(E) claiming that they both have the same goal
24. The consumer and the general taxpayer subsidize the automobile in many ways that may at first be overlooked. They pay for traffic signals, extra police officers, pollution cleanup, and traffic engineering departments. They also pay when the cost of purchasing and maintaining land for parking space is added into a store's overhead and becomes a factor in determining the prices that the store will charge.
Which of the following sentences would provide the most logical conclusion for this paragraph?
(A) People who demand public subsidy of underground mass transportation are asking for an unprecedented kind of support.
(B) Because only the automobile incurs hidden expenses, this country should support underground mass transit systems.
(C) People who expect underground mass transit systems to operate without subsidy, therefore, are not being realist.
(D) Increasing emphasis on underground mass transportation, therefore, will change our style of life in ways we cannot even imagine.
(E) People who expect underground mass transit systems to gradually supplant out reliance on the automobile are not being realistic.
25. People who advocate gun control often do so because they think that potentially harmful weapons should be registered with proper authorities; but would they also be in favor of registering kitchen knives, crowbars, and even people's hands?
Which of the following parallels the method of argumentation above but argues for an opposing view?
(A) If potentially harmful weapons like guns do not need to be registered, then why can citizens not posses their own atom bombs without government regulation?
(B) If the ownership of guns is controlled through a system of registration, would it not be harder for criminals to purchase and use such weapons?
(C) Since the Second Amendment guarantees citizens the right to bear arms, would it not be unconstitutional for that right to be limited, even by the government?
(D) Since the government issues many regulations governing ordinary activities, why should it not regulate a serious activity like the use of handguns and rifles?
(E) If the government requires that guns be registered, then what is to stop it from requiring that hunting bows, spears, and even fishing rods be registered?