考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng) Unit 1

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一、真題文章(1994年)
    The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission——reception system breaks down.
    Moreover,inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be unable to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.
    二、考研核心詞匯
    choice n. 選擇, 抉擇, 精選品, 選擇機(jī)會, 選擇權(quán) adj. 精選的, 上等的, 挑三揀四的, 可選的, 寵愛的, 愛惜的
    [例] She had to make a choice between the two dresses.
    她得在兩件衣服中選擇一件。
    [同義] alternative , cream ,decision ,option, pick, preference ,selection
    [派生] choose v. 選擇, 選定
    [固定搭配] at one's own choice 隨意挑選, 自由選擇;be choice of 好挑剔的;
    [熟詞生意] choice a.斟酌得當(dāng)?shù)?BR>    eg.Some of his remarks are really choice.
    他的有些話真精辟。
    utmost [原為out的級] n. 極限, 可能, 極力 adj. 極度的, 最遠(yuǎn)的
    [例] the utmost ends of the earth 天涯海角
    [同義] extreme, farthest ,greatest, most
    [固定搭配] at the utmost 至多;do one's utmost 盡全力; make the utmost of …… 充分利用; to the utmost 竭力; 盡力;
    reaction n. 反應(yīng), 反作用, 反動(力)
    [例] What is his reaction to your proposal? 他對你的建議有什么反應(yīng)?
    [反義] action n. 動作, 作用, 戰(zhàn)斗, 行動, 舉動, 行為, (戲劇或書中)的情節(jié), (某一地區(qū)、領(lǐng)域或團(tuán)體中)最能產(chǎn)生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活動 vt. 對……起訴
    [派生] react vi. 起反應(yīng), 起作用, 反抗, 起反作用
    reactive adj. 反應(yīng)的, 起反作用的, 反動的, 電抗性的
    [固定搭配] reaction to 對……的反應(yīng);chain reaction 連鎖反應(yīng);chemical reaction 化學(xué)反應(yīng);physiological reaction 生理反應(yīng);replacement reaction 置換反應(yīng)
    interfere vi. 干涉, 干預(yù), 妨礙, 打擾
    [例] I was playing with Jane, but Anne interfered and spoiled the game.
    我正在和珍妮玩,可是安妮插了進(jìn)來,把游戲給打亂了。
    [同義] arbitrate, encroach, intercede ,interrupt, intervene, intrude, meddle
    [派生] interference n. 沖突, 干涉
    [固定搭配] interfere in 干涉, 干預(yù); interfere with 妨礙; 干涉, 干擾;
    comprehension n. 理解, 包含
    [例] Reading depends on the comprehension of the ideas expressed by the words used.
    閱讀有賴于對所用詞句所表達(dá)的含義的理解。
    [同義] apprehension
    [反義] incomprehension n. 不了解, 不領(lǐng)悟
    [派生] comprehensive adj. 全面的, 廣泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的
    comprehend vt. 領(lǐng)會, 理解, 包括(包含), 由……組成
    hence adv. 因此, 從此
    [例] They grew up in the Sudan; hence their interest in Nubian art.
    他們在蘇丹長大;由是產(chǎn)生了對努比亞藝術(shù)的興趣
    [同義] accordingly, away, consequently, elsewhere, from now on, later therefore
    [反義] ago adv. 以前的, 以往的
    transmission n. 播送, 發(fā)射, 傳動, 傳送, 傳輸, 轉(zhuǎn)播
    [例] transmission of news 消息的傳播
    [同義] sending ,transport, transfer, broadcast
    [反義] reception n. 接待, 招待會, 接收
    [派生] transmissible adj. 可傳送的, 可遺傳的
    transmit vt. 傳輸, 轉(zhuǎn)送, 傳達(dá), 傳導(dǎo), 發(fā)射, 遺傳, 傳播 vi.發(fā)射信號, 發(fā)報
    inaccurate adj. 錯誤的, 不準(zhǔn)確的
    [例] There is a slight inaccuracy in this design. 這張設(shè)計圖中有一點(diǎn)不大準(zhǔn)確。
    [同義] incorrect , inexact
    [反義] accurate adj. 正確的, 精確的
    [派生] inaccuracy n. 錯誤
    indefinite adj. 模糊的, 不確定的, [語]不定的
    [例] an indefinite leave of absence 對在場者的離席無明確限制的
    [同義] broad, confused, general, hazy, indistinct, obscure, unclear, vague
    [反義] definite adj. 明確的, 一定的
    [派生] indefinitely adv. 不確定地
    [固定搭配] an indefinite answer 含糊的答復(fù);in an indefinite manner 模模糊糊地;不明確地;an indefinite prison term 無期徒刑;for an indefinite time/period 無限期地;to be indefinite about their plans 尚未決定他們的計劃