GRE填空法寶

字號(hào):

一、 凡例
    1. 粉紅色:標(biāo)示表邏輯關(guān)系或作者褒貶態(tài)度的信號(hào)詞,以及標(biāo)示大粘連和小粘連結(jié)構(gòu)中表信息重復(fù)方式的信號(hào)詞,還標(biāo)示表分隔的信號(hào)詞
    2. 藍(lán)色:標(biāo)示與空格對(duì)應(yīng)的中心詞
    3. 青色:標(biāo)示句子中已出現(xiàn)的成對(duì)的對(duì)應(yīng)詞(同義或反義)
    4. “ ”放在相應(yīng)空格位置表示正或褒態(tài)度;“-” 放在相應(yīng)空格位置表示負(fù)或貶態(tài)度
    5. 紅色:標(biāo)示不認(rèn)識(shí)的生詞
    6. 單箭頭:由中心詞指向相應(yīng)空格 雙箭頭:指向兩個(gè)空格表明兩空應(yīng)同時(shí)做
    箭頭為紅色表示反義 箭頭為黑色表示同義
    7. 紅色“*”號(hào):放在題干后表明本題為錯(cuò)題或難題
    8. 題干后也可簡要注明解題要點(diǎn)
    二、 句子填空解題步驟
    1. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu):分隔與粘連是主要的重復(fù)信息的方式
    A. 分隔:句子中對(duì)主干進(jìn)行修飾或補(bǔ)充的成分
    定語從句:that 同位語:that who “,” 插入語:“,” 分詞結(jié)構(gòu):分詞 不定式結(jié)構(gòu):to 介詞短語:介詞
    B. 粘連:由分號(hào)或冒號(hào)分開的上下句結(jié)構(gòu)(大粘連)和一個(gè)句子內(nèi)部的直接簡單重復(fù)(小粘連)
    大粘連:直接同義重復(fù):并列、因果關(guān)系詞
    雙重否定與肯定句重復(fù):(1)A;not 非A (2)A;It’s wrong/foolish/presumptuous to say 非A
    主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句重復(fù):is the result of is the outgrowth of is the product of A??B;B??by A
    逆否命題重復(fù):A??B;非B??非 A(無被動(dòng)句標(biāo)志詞)
    比較句重復(fù):to the same degree/extent as…as more/less -er better than
    手段目的句重復(fù):by for in terms of
    特殊并列句重復(fù):包含兩個(gè)并列關(guān)系從句的句式
    時(shí)間對(duì)比句重復(fù): once formerly initial pristine erstwhile hereto hitherto now future before recent begin start create until no longer previous
    比喻句重復(fù):like as
    小粘連:and but rather than even as…as so…as to…
    2. 判斷句子邏輯關(guān)系:找出信號(hào)詞,判斷句子的并列、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系和正( )、反(—)態(tài)度關(guān)系
    A. 并列關(guān)系:并列 遞進(jìn) 條件 因果 分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)
    并列:and also or just as similarly correspondingly in the same way indeed accordingly
    遞進(jìn):even
    因果: derive from lead to due to because cause since for therefore thus hence in that so…that so…as to as a result result in result from accordingly consequently give rise to
    B. 讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折:even though although even… though while whereas but yet however nevertheless notwithstanding despite in spite of in contrast to on the contrary on the other hand far from rather than whatever otherwise ironically illogically paradoxically curiously surprisingly unfortunately
    although…, remain/continue(兩次轉(zhuǎn)折,— —)
    分號(hào)
    C. 作者的正、反態(tài)度:態(tài)度語氣詞;在沒有中心詞時(shí),特別要注意靠空格的正、反態(tài)度來解題
    D. 強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比:時(shí)間強(qiáng)對(duì)比 人物強(qiáng)對(duì)比 對(duì)象強(qiáng)對(duì)比(句子敘述對(duì)象的轉(zhuǎn)移)
    E. 照應(yīng):人稱代詞:it 指示代詞:such this that those these 定冠詞:the
    F. 主體詞:主體動(dòng)詞:continue remain shift from…to oscillate between…and turn…into reconcile…and… 人物身份名詞 特征人物的特征性質(zhì)或特征動(dòng)作
    3. 定位中心詞:定位與空格對(duì)應(yīng)的詞匯或短語;無中心詞時(shí)一般要根據(jù)句子邏輯關(guān)系兩空格同時(shí)做,兩空格相隔很近時(shí)一般也要同時(shí)做
    4. 解題:以上三步是做題的關(guān)鍵,體現(xiàn)了解題的思路流程,但并不是每題都必須完成這三步才能解題,這三步分別強(qiáng)調(diào)了解題的不同方面和角度,一般用兩步或三步即可解題。
    5. 四種錯(cuò)誤原因:
    A. 邏輯關(guān)系弄反
    B. 因?yàn)榫渥訌?fù)雜或含義晦澀, 找不到中心詞
    C. 沒有中心詞
    D. 選項(xiàng)中的詞義理解不到位
    三、 T9302
    1. The corporation expects only - increases in sales
    next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing
    business.
    A. unquestionable
    B. sequential
    C. modest
    D. exaggerated
    E. groundless
    ————————————————————————
    答案:(C)
    revive: v.1.蘇醒,復(fù)蘇 2.復(fù)原,恢復(fù)生機(jī) 3.復(fù)興,重新流行
    retailing: n.零售業(yè)
    unquestionable: a.無可置疑的,無可爭(zhēng)議的
    sequential: a.1.相繼連續(xù)的,按順序的 2.作為結(jié)果而產(chǎn)生的,隨之而來的
    modest: a.不太大(或多)的,不過分的,適度的
    exaggerated: a.夸張的,言過其實(shí)的
    groundless: a.無根據(jù)的,無理由的,無基礎(chǔ)的
    盡管這個(gè)公司一年多以來致力于振興其零售業(yè)務(wù),但它只期望在來年中有一個(gè)適度的銷售
    增長。
    2. No computer system is immune to a virus, a particularly
    malicious program that is designed to - and elec-
    tronically - the disks on which data are stored.
    A. prepare…… improve
    B. restore…… disable
    C. infect…… damage
    D. preserve…… secure
    E. invade…… repair
    ————————————————————————
    答案:(C)
    be immune to: v.1.免除的,豁免的 2.可防止的,不受影響的 3.對(duì)…有免疫力的
    virus: n.病毒
    malicious: a.惡毒的,蓄意謀害的
    disable: v.使喪失能力,使傷殘
    infect: v.侵染,感染,腐蝕
    沒有任何計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)能免受病毒的影響;所謂病毒,指的是一種用心極為歹毒的程序,旨
    在侵染并通過電子的手段給儲(chǔ)存有數(shù)據(jù)的磁盤帶來損害。
    3. Recent research indicates that a system of particles
    which has apparently decayed to randomness from
    state can be returned to that state; thus the system
    exhibits a kind of memory of its condition.
    A. an equilibrium…… lesser
    B. an ordered…… earlier
    C. an unusual…… settled
    D. a chaotic…… last
    E. a higher…… present
    ————————————————————————
    答案:(B)
    decay: v.(放射性物質(zhì)等)衰減,衰變
    randomness: n.胡亂,任意,無定規(guī),隨機(jī)性
    exhibit: v.展現(xiàn),顯示
    equilibrium: n.1.平衡,均衡 2.(心情的)平靜
    lesser: a.較小的,更少的,次要的
    ordered: a.1.有條理的,整齊的 2.〔數(shù)〕有次序的
    chaotic: a.紊(雜)亂的,混沌的
    最近的研究表明,某一系統(tǒng)的粒子,當(dāng)它明顯地自一種井然有序的狀態(tài)衰變?yōu)闊o序狀態(tài)之
    后,依然能被恢復(fù)至那種狀態(tài);這樣,該系統(tǒng)便展示出一種對(duì)其早期狀況的記憶。
    4. A number of writers who once greatly the
    literary critic have recently recanted, substituting
    for their former criticism.
    A. lauded…… censure
    B. influenced…… analysis
    C. simulated…… ambivalence
    D. disparaged…… approbation
    E. honored…… adulation
    ————————————————————————
    答案:(D)
    recant: v.(正式并公開地)撤銷,放棄,認(rèn)錯(cuò)
    laud: v.贊美,稱贊
    censure: n.指謫,責(zé)備,公開譴責(zé)
    simulate: v.1.假裝,冒充 2.模仿,模擬
    ambivalence: n.1.矛盾情緒(或態(tài)度) 2.搖擺,舉棋不定
    disparage: v.1.貶低,輕視 2.詆毀
    approbation: n.1.批(核)準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可 2.贊成,滿意
    adulation: n.過分稱贊,謅媚,奉承
    許多作家過去曾不遺余力地詆毀過某位文學(xué)評(píng)論家,最近他們已摒棄原先的做法,對(duì)先前
    的批評(píng)代諸以褒獎(jiǎng)之辭。
    5. She writes across generational lines, making the past
    so that our belief that the present is the true
    locus of experience is undermined.*
    A. complex
    B. distant
    C. vivid
    D. mysterious
    E. mundane
    ————————————————————————
    答案:(C)
    locus: n.地點(diǎn),所在地,中心
    undermine: v.1.在…下挖 2.侵蝕…的基礎(chǔ) 3.暗中破壞,逐漸損害(或削弱)
    vivid: a.1.鮮明的,生氣勃勃的 2.形象的,逼真的,栩栩如生的
    mundane: a.1.塵世的,世俗的 2.單調(diào)的,平凡的
    她的創(chuàng)作跨越了代與代之間的界限,將過去描繪得如此形象生動(dòng),以致于我們的信念——
    即現(xiàn)在才是真正的經(jīng)驗(yàn)之中心——倍遭削弱。
    6. Individual freedom of thought should be more
    absolutely than individual freedom of action, given that
    the latter, though also desirable, must be - the
    limits imposed by the rights and freedom of others.*
    A. protected…… subject to
    B. assessed…… measured by
    C. valued…… superior to
    D. exercised…… indifferent to
    E. curtailed…… conscious of
    ————————————————————————
    答案:(A)
    given that: conj.因?yàn)?,以…作為前提條件,只要
    desirable: a.合意的,值得擁有的,可取的
    be subject to: v.受…支配,傾向于,易于接受
    exercise: v.1.履行,執(zhí)行 2.行使,發(fā)揮
    indifferent: a.1.不感興趣的,冷淡的,淡漠的 2.不偏不倚的,中立的 3.不重要的
    curtail: v.截短,削減
    個(gè)人的思想自由比諸于個(gè)人的行動(dòng)自由應(yīng)受到更加絕對(duì)的保護(hù),因?yàn)楸M管后者亦甚為可取,但它必須受制于他人的權(quán)利和自由所施加帶來的限制。