四、參考作文翻譯練習(xí)：
（1）提綱式作文
Road Accidents
Outline:
Losses caused by road accidents
Suggested ways to reduce road accidents
My comments
最近5年來道路事故的數(shù)目不斷上升，尤其在城市中。每當(dāng)發(fā)生交通事故，有關(guān)的人員不是受傷就是死亡。它們對國家和受害者的家庭造成了巨大的損失。因此，迫在眉睫的是，我們應(yīng)該采取措施來減少交通事故并確保道路安全。
我想有幾個(gè)方法可以降低事故率。首先，政府應(yīng)該采取有力措施來改善道路狀況。例如：應(yīng)該投資更多的錢來建造新的公路，許多又老又窄城市街道應(yīng)加寬或重建。其次，地方*應(yīng)該用各種可能的方法來教育人民遵守交通規(guī)則。最后，行人穿過繁華街道時(shí)應(yīng)小心謹(jǐn)慎。
我認(rèn)為，以上所提到的幾個(gè)方面是避免交通事故所必需的。隨著車輛不斷的增加，城市道路正變得越來越擁擠。但是假如每個(gè)人各盡其責(zé)并遵守交通規(guī)則，道路將會(huì)變得更安全。我相信，交通狀況將會(huì)改善，盡管我們還有許多的困難要克服。
Road Accidents
In the past five years the number of road accidents has been on the rise in big cities. Whenever they happen, the people involved are either injured or killed. They cause great losses both to the country and to victims’ families. Therefore, it is urgent that we do something to reduce traffic accidents and make our roads safe.
There are several ways I think to cut down to accident rate. In the first place, the government should take effective measures to improve road conditions. For example, more funds ought to be invested in building new highways and many of the old narrow streets in cities widened or reconstructed. Secondly, local authorities should educate people in every possible way to comply with traffic regulations. Finally, pedestrians should be very careful whenever crossing busy streets.
In my opinion, the above mentioned ways are essential to avoid traffic accidents. With the number of cars continuing to rise, the roads in cities are getting more and more crowded. But if everyone does his part and observes traffic rules, the road will be safer to all of us. I trust traffic conditions will be improving though we still have a long way to go. (200 words)
(2)規(guī)定情景式作文
Directions: Stress is a natural part of modern life. In this part, you are required to write within 40 minutes a composition of no less than 200 words about “Stress in Modern Life” (現(xiàn)代生活中的壓力). You are to state briefly the relationship between stress and modern life and the different attitudes towards stress. At the end of your composition you should draw your own conclusion.
眾所周知，壓力是日常生活中很自然的事，并且也無法躲避壓力。隨著現(xiàn)代生活的節(jié)奏不斷加快，我們從早到晚總是感到忙忙碌碌。而且很難減慢。我們似乎覺得我們周圍人人都在拼命干。因此，不管一個(gè)人干什么，他總會(huì)感到壓力。可見，在競爭社會(huì)中壓力和生活是影印不離的。
然而，不同的人對壓力的看法不同。有些人認(rèn)為，壓力并不是通常所認(rèn)為的壞事。他們的觀點(diǎn)是， 某種壓力對提供動(dòng)力和使生活喲目的所不可缺少的。其他人則爭辯說，壓力加劇了精力的消耗，因此危害人的健康。在他們看來，壓力的反面，即輕松，是身心健康所必不可少的。
就個(gè)人而言，我贊成前一種觀點(diǎn)。當(dāng)一個(gè)人全心投入到他所從事的事業(yè)時(shí)，壓力是不可能避免的。依我看，只有當(dāng)壓力失去控制時(shí)，它才會(huì)導(dǎo)致行為失調(diào)和身體不適。
Stress in Modern Life
As everyone knows, stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. As the pace of modern life continues to increase, we are always feeling on the go from morning till night. And it is hard to slow down. It seems to us that everyone around us is aggressive. Therefore, whatever one does, he feels under stress all the time. It is clear that stress has much to do with the life in a competitive society.
Different people, however, think of stress quite differently. Some believe that stress is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. They are of the opinion that a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and to give purpose to life. Others argue that stress contributes to one’s mental decline and hence endangers his health. According to them, relaxation, the opposite of stress, is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Personally, I’m in favor of the former view. I think it is impossible to avoid stress when one is entirely devoted to the career he pursues. In my opinion, it is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. (207 words)
注：be on the go 忙碌
(3)圖表或漫畫式作文
Sharp Increase in World Population
Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of about 200 words within 40 minutes. Your essay should cover all the information provided in the bar chart and meet the requirements below.
1. Interpret the pictures above.
2. Give your reasons for the increase in population.
3. Draw your own conclusion.
根據(jù)圖中所給的數(shù)字，從人類生活的初期到1830年地球人口達(dá)到了10億。那表明至少有200萬年的時(shí)間間隔。后來世界人口迅速增長，到1930年達(dá)到20億。到1960年又增加了10億，其間只有30年時(shí)間，從那時(shí)起，全球人口一直在上升，1975年總計(jì)為40億，只有15年又增加了10億。
我認(rèn)為，世界人口劇增的原因至少有兩點(diǎn)。首先，在許多國家，尤其是發(fā)展中國家出身率持續(xù)上升。一般來說，那里的人持有這樣的看法，孩子們費(fèi)不了多少錢，但孩子長大工作了，就能掙錢，當(dāng)父母親老了，孩子們會(huì)照料他們。其次，西方國家結(jié)婚年齡在上升，這也促使了人口的下降。最后，許多發(fā)達(dá)國家中的死亡率穩(wěn)步下降，因?yàn)槿藗兩钏教岣吡?，衛(wèi)生保健改善了。
依我看，人口增長的主要原因與其說是出生率的上升，還不如說是由于醫(yī)療保健的改善使死亡率下降了。
According to the figures given in the bar charts, it took from the beginning of human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then the world population increased rapidly, adding up to two billion in 1930. The next billion was added by 1960, only thirty years. From then on the global population was on the rise, amounting to 4 billion in 1975, which is another billion people in only 15 years.
There are at least two reasons. I think, for the sharp increase in world population. In the first place, the birth rate continues to climb in many countries, especially in developing ones. Generally speaking, people there hold the opinion that children don’t cost much and when they get old enough to work they will bring in money and that when parents are old, they will take care of them. Secondly, the marriage age in the West is rising, which contributes to the decline in population there. Finally, the death rate in most developed countries declines steadily because people’s standards of living are raised and health care improves.
In my opinion, the chief reason for the population growth is not so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care. (229 words)
（1）提綱式作文
Road Accidents
Outline:
Losses caused by road accidents
Suggested ways to reduce road accidents
My comments
最近5年來道路事故的數(shù)目不斷上升，尤其在城市中。每當(dāng)發(fā)生交通事故，有關(guān)的人員不是受傷就是死亡。它們對國家和受害者的家庭造成了巨大的損失。因此，迫在眉睫的是，我們應(yīng)該采取措施來減少交通事故并確保道路安全。
我想有幾個(gè)方法可以降低事故率。首先，政府應(yīng)該采取有力措施來改善道路狀況。例如：應(yīng)該投資更多的錢來建造新的公路，許多又老又窄城市街道應(yīng)加寬或重建。其次，地方*應(yīng)該用各種可能的方法來教育人民遵守交通規(guī)則。最后，行人穿過繁華街道時(shí)應(yīng)小心謹(jǐn)慎。
我認(rèn)為，以上所提到的幾個(gè)方面是避免交通事故所必需的。隨著車輛不斷的增加，城市道路正變得越來越擁擠。但是假如每個(gè)人各盡其責(zé)并遵守交通規(guī)則，道路將會(huì)變得更安全。我相信，交通狀況將會(huì)改善，盡管我們還有許多的困難要克服。
Road Accidents
In the past five years the number of road accidents has been on the rise in big cities. Whenever they happen, the people involved are either injured or killed. They cause great losses both to the country and to victims’ families. Therefore, it is urgent that we do something to reduce traffic accidents and make our roads safe.
There are several ways I think to cut down to accident rate. In the first place, the government should take effective measures to improve road conditions. For example, more funds ought to be invested in building new highways and many of the old narrow streets in cities widened or reconstructed. Secondly, local authorities should educate people in every possible way to comply with traffic regulations. Finally, pedestrians should be very careful whenever crossing busy streets.
In my opinion, the above mentioned ways are essential to avoid traffic accidents. With the number of cars continuing to rise, the roads in cities are getting more and more crowded. But if everyone does his part and observes traffic rules, the road will be safer to all of us. I trust traffic conditions will be improving though we still have a long way to go. (200 words)
(2)規(guī)定情景式作文
Directions: Stress is a natural part of modern life. In this part, you are required to write within 40 minutes a composition of no less than 200 words about “Stress in Modern Life” (現(xiàn)代生活中的壓力). You are to state briefly the relationship between stress and modern life and the different attitudes towards stress. At the end of your composition you should draw your own conclusion.
眾所周知，壓力是日常生活中很自然的事，并且也無法躲避壓力。隨著現(xiàn)代生活的節(jié)奏不斷加快，我們從早到晚總是感到忙忙碌碌。而且很難減慢。我們似乎覺得我們周圍人人都在拼命干。因此，不管一個(gè)人干什么，他總會(huì)感到壓力。可見，在競爭社會(huì)中壓力和生活是影印不離的。
然而，不同的人對壓力的看法不同。有些人認(rèn)為，壓力并不是通常所認(rèn)為的壞事。他們的觀點(diǎn)是， 某種壓力對提供動(dòng)力和使生活喲目的所不可缺少的。其他人則爭辯說，壓力加劇了精力的消耗，因此危害人的健康。在他們看來，壓力的反面，即輕松，是身心健康所必不可少的。
就個(gè)人而言，我贊成前一種觀點(diǎn)。當(dāng)一個(gè)人全心投入到他所從事的事業(yè)時(shí)，壓力是不可能避免的。依我看，只有當(dāng)壓力失去控制時(shí)，它才會(huì)導(dǎo)致行為失調(diào)和身體不適。
Stress in Modern Life
As everyone knows, stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. As the pace of modern life continues to increase, we are always feeling on the go from morning till night. And it is hard to slow down. It seems to us that everyone around us is aggressive. Therefore, whatever one does, he feels under stress all the time. It is clear that stress has much to do with the life in a competitive society.
Different people, however, think of stress quite differently. Some believe that stress is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. They are of the opinion that a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and to give purpose to life. Others argue that stress contributes to one’s mental decline and hence endangers his health. According to them, relaxation, the opposite of stress, is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Personally, I’m in favor of the former view. I think it is impossible to avoid stress when one is entirely devoted to the career he pursues. In my opinion, it is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. (207 words)
注：be on the go 忙碌
(3)圖表或漫畫式作文
Sharp Increase in World Population
Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of about 200 words within 40 minutes. Your essay should cover all the information provided in the bar chart and meet the requirements below.
1. Interpret the pictures above.
2. Give your reasons for the increase in population.
3. Draw your own conclusion.
根據(jù)圖中所給的數(shù)字，從人類生活的初期到1830年地球人口達(dá)到了10億。那表明至少有200萬年的時(shí)間間隔。后來世界人口迅速增長，到1930年達(dá)到20億。到1960年又增加了10億，其間只有30年時(shí)間，從那時(shí)起，全球人口一直在上升，1975年總計(jì)為40億，只有15年又增加了10億。
我認(rèn)為，世界人口劇增的原因至少有兩點(diǎn)。首先，在許多國家，尤其是發(fā)展中國家出身率持續(xù)上升。一般來說，那里的人持有這樣的看法，孩子們費(fèi)不了多少錢，但孩子長大工作了，就能掙錢，當(dāng)父母親老了，孩子們會(huì)照料他們。其次，西方國家結(jié)婚年齡在上升，這也促使了人口的下降。最后，許多發(fā)達(dá)國家中的死亡率穩(wěn)步下降，因?yàn)槿藗兩钏教岣吡?，衛(wèi)生保健改善了。
依我看，人口增長的主要原因與其說是出生率的上升，還不如說是由于醫(yī)療保健的改善使死亡率下降了。
According to the figures given in the bar charts, it took from the beginning of human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then the world population increased rapidly, adding up to two billion in 1930. The next billion was added by 1960, only thirty years. From then on the global population was on the rise, amounting to 4 billion in 1975, which is another billion people in only 15 years.
There are at least two reasons. I think, for the sharp increase in world population. In the first place, the birth rate continues to climb in many countries, especially in developing ones. Generally speaking, people there hold the opinion that children don’t cost much and when they get old enough to work they will bring in money and that when parents are old, they will take care of them. Secondly, the marriage age in the West is rising, which contributes to the decline in population there. Finally, the death rate in most developed countries declines steadily because people’s standards of living are raised and health care improves.
In my opinion, the chief reason for the population growth is not so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care. (229 words)