“To arrange for an appointment with us, please complete the reply slip and sent it back to us.”
上面這句話很好，很客氣，但是第二分句的動(dòng)詞sent的時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，應(yīng)該改為send，從過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài)變成現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài)，使兩個(gè)等立分句中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一致。
在語(yǔ)法上，這叫做時(shí)態(tài)的一致（sequence of tenses）。下面是幾個(gè)指導(dǎo)原則：
Ⅰ 主句（main clause）里的動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的話，名詞從句（noun clause）或副詞從句（adverb clause）里的動(dòng)詞也要以過(guò)去式出現(xiàn)，如：
● Tom said/ that he was busy yesterday.
● Janet wanted to know/ why she was not given a more important job.
● Lily failed/ because she did not submit the project report.
● None could help you/ if you continued being lazy.
● Although David was unwell,/ he went to office as usual.
這原則有兩個(gè)例外，即：
（i）當(dāng)名詞從句表達(dá)一種真理或既成事實(shí)時(shí)，其動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在式，如：
● Newton discovered/ that gravitation causes apples to fall.
● Our elders told us/ that experience is the best teacher.
（ii）比較性的副詞從句里的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)有伸縮性，視情況而定，不一定非過(guò)去式不可，如：
● Susan valued his advice more/ than she values mine.
● Peter weighed as much/ as I shall weigh after my dinner.
Ⅱ 主句里的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在式時(shí)，名詞從句或副詞從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是現(xiàn)在式，也可以是其他適合的時(shí)態(tài)，如： ● Jim believes/ that he will get the job.
● The officer has just told us/that his annual leave was approved weeks ago.
● Christine is infuriated/ because she was criticised for her sloppy work.
Ⅲ 形容詞從句（adjective clause）中的時(shí)態(tài)最自由，最不受拘束，如： ● Tom mooted the idea/which some ignored, which others tend to attack, but which many will eventually accept.
這句里的主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去式，第一個(gè)形容詞從句的動(dòng)詞雖是過(guò)去，第二個(gè)里的卻是現(xiàn)在式，第三個(gè)里的是將來(lái)式。
最后請(qǐng)看看這句話：
“President Clinton stated/ that he will not run in the next presidential election.”
按照常理，名詞從句里的“will not run”要改為“would not run”才能和主句里的過(guò)去式“stated”一致。論者把這種現(xiàn)象視為 “特殊情況”，算是給名人的“特權(quán)”吧！一般人還是遁常道而行，避免爭(zhēng)議。
上面這句話很好，很客氣，但是第二分句的動(dòng)詞sent的時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，應(yīng)該改為send，從過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài)變成現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài)，使兩個(gè)等立分句中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一致。
在語(yǔ)法上，這叫做時(shí)態(tài)的一致（sequence of tenses）。下面是幾個(gè)指導(dǎo)原則：
Ⅰ 主句（main clause）里的動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的話，名詞從句（noun clause）或副詞從句（adverb clause）里的動(dòng)詞也要以過(guò)去式出現(xiàn)，如：
● Tom said/ that he was busy yesterday.
● Janet wanted to know/ why she was not given a more important job.
● Lily failed/ because she did not submit the project report.
● None could help you/ if you continued being lazy.
● Although David was unwell,/ he went to office as usual.
這原則有兩個(gè)例外，即：
（i）當(dāng)名詞從句表達(dá)一種真理或既成事實(shí)時(shí)，其動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在式，如：
● Newton discovered/ that gravitation causes apples to fall.
● Our elders told us/ that experience is the best teacher.
（ii）比較性的副詞從句里的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)有伸縮性，視情況而定，不一定非過(guò)去式不可，如：
● Susan valued his advice more/ than she values mine.
● Peter weighed as much/ as I shall weigh after my dinner.
Ⅱ 主句里的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在式時(shí)，名詞從句或副詞從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是現(xiàn)在式，也可以是其他適合的時(shí)態(tài)，如： ● Jim believes/ that he will get the job.
● The officer has just told us/that his annual leave was approved weeks ago.
● Christine is infuriated/ because she was criticised for her sloppy work.
Ⅲ 形容詞從句（adjective clause）中的時(shí)態(tài)最自由，最不受拘束，如： ● Tom mooted the idea/which some ignored, which others tend to attack, but which many will eventually accept.
這句里的主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去式，第一個(gè)形容詞從句的動(dòng)詞雖是過(guò)去，第二個(gè)里的卻是現(xiàn)在式，第三個(gè)里的是將來(lái)式。
最后請(qǐng)看看這句話：
“President Clinton stated/ that he will not run in the next presidential election.”
按照常理，名詞從句里的“will not run”要改為“would not run”才能和主句里的過(guò)去式“stated”一致。論者把這種現(xiàn)象視為 “特殊情況”，算是給名人的“特權(quán)”吧！一般人還是遁常道而行，避免爭(zhēng)議。