石家莊市第20中學(xué) 鄢桂風(fēng)
一、疑點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)*
1. Can you tell me where there’s a good place to eat？你能告訴我哪里有吃飯的好地方嗎？
疑點(diǎn)：to eat動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)作place的后置定語(yǔ)。如：I want to find something to eat.
難點(diǎn)：當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，若不定式中的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞不能省略。如：It’s very cold outside. We must find a room to live in.
2. Peter，please lend me your pen.彼得，把你的鋼筆借給我一下。
疑點(diǎn)：lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb把某物借給某人,如：I have lent my pen to the teacher=I have lent the teacher my pen.
難點(diǎn)：“借”的表達(dá)方式不同，表達(dá)的含義也不同。觀察例句，體會(huì)“借”的不同。
1)May I borrow some books from the library？我可以從圖書館借幾本書嗎？borrow…from…從…借…(對(duì)主語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)是借進(jìn))
2)He has kept the book for five days.這本書他已經(jīng)借了五天了。keep sth. for some time借某物一段時(shí)間，用于完成時(shí)。
3)Can I have a piece of paper from you？我可以借你一張紙嗎？have sth. from sb.借某人某物(借后不用歸還)
3.They have organized games and the staff dress up as clown.他們組織各種游戲，所有人都裝扮成小丑。
疑點(diǎn)：dress up常用作不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，意為“穿著好的衣服、打扮、化妝”，其后一般不接表示衣服的名詞。如：They all dressed up as teachers and began to teach in the class.
難點(diǎn)：表示穿著的詞還有幾個(gè)，每一個(gè)都有不同的側(cè)重點(diǎn)，學(xué)習(xí)中注意區(qū)分。put on和get dress都表示穿上衣服的意思，強(qiáng)調(diào)穿的動(dòng)作；wear，be in，be dressed側(cè)重穿著、戴著的狀態(tài)；dress意為“給…穿衣服”。
4. On the other hand，it might be alright to say “Where is my book？”in some situations，perhaps with people you know well.另外一方面，與你熟識(shí)的人在某些場(chǎng)合說(shuō)“我的書哪兒去了？”或許更好一些。
疑點(diǎn)：alright=all right主要用法有三種：
1)用于系動(dòng)詞be之后，表示健康狀況，相當(dāng)于fine或well；如：How are you？I am alright/well/fine.
2)表示贊同對(duì)方的意見，意為“行、好吧”；如：Let’s meet outside the school gate.Alright=All right.
3)表示令人滿意、順利的,如：His teaching is alright.他教的課令人滿意。
難點(diǎn)：注意和That’s right. That’s all right.的區(qū)別。That’s right=You are right=Right表示贊同對(duì)方的意見或看法，意為“不錯(cuò)、正確”。
That’s all right.
1)用于回答別人表示感謝時(shí)的用語(yǔ)，意為“別客氣、不用謝”
2)用于回答別人道歉時(shí)的用語(yǔ)，意為“不要緊、沒關(guān)系”
3)用于對(duì)對(duì)方某一情況表明“沒問題、行了”
二、重點(diǎn)講解
1.Could you please tell me where the restrooms are？請(qǐng)你告訴我?guī)谀膬汉脝幔?BR> Could you…？是個(gè)句型，could在此不是過去形式，它此時(shí)表示語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)、有禮貌。在希望得到肯定答復(fù)的疑問句中，以及在含有表示建議、請(qǐng)求和征求意見語(yǔ)氣的疑問句中，常用some和something，而不用any和anything。
(1)Could you lend me your motorbike， please？ 請(qǐng)把你的摩托車借給我好嗎？
(2)Could you tell me something about yourself.請(qǐng)談?wù)勀阕约汉脝幔?BR> 2. The bank is next to the bookstore.銀行在書店的旁邊。
next to： a close beside貼近，靠近
如：I’m sitting next to Mary.我坐在瑪麗的旁邊。
英語(yǔ)中表示方位的表達(dá)有：close to在附近；on the left/right side在左/右邊；in the middle of在…的中間；in front of 在…的前面；between…and…在…之間；be opposite to在……對(duì)面；across from 在……對(duì)面。
3. It’s also just fun to watch people.觀察人是很有趣的。
It’s+adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.(對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)，做某事是……的)
該句型中，it是一個(gè)形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)to do sth.句型中的for sb.常根據(jù)需要省略。
如：It’s impossible for him to get up early.對(duì)于他來(lái)說(shuō)，早起床是不可能的。
4. When I go into stores I always spend too much money！當(dāng)我走進(jìn)商店，我總會(huì)花掉很多的錢。
spend，cost，take，pay 都可以表示“花費(fèi)”，但用法卻不盡相同。
1)spend的主語(yǔ)必須是人，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：spend time/money on sth. 在……上花費(fèi)時(shí)間(金錢)。如：I spent two hours on this maths problem.這道數(shù)學(xué)題花了我兩個(gè)小時(shí)。
spend time/money (in) doing sth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間(金錢)做某事。如：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造這座橋花了他們兩年時(shí)間。
spend money for sth. 花錢買……。如：His money was spent for books.他的錢用來(lái)買書了。
2)cost的主語(yǔ)是物或某種活動(dòng)，還可以表示“值”，常見用法如下：
sth. costs (sb.)+金錢，某物花了(某人)多少錢。如：A new computer costs a lot of money.買一臺(tái)新電腦要花一大筆錢。
(doing) sth. costs (sb.)+時(shí)間，某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少時(shí)間。如：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量時(shí)間才記住了這些單詞。
3)take后面常跟雙賓語(yǔ)，常見用法有以下幾種：
It takes sb.+時(shí)間+to do sth.做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。如：It took them three years to build this road.他們用了三年時(shí)間修完了這條路。doing sth. takes sb. +時(shí)間，做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。如：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修車。
4)pay的基本用法是：
pay(sb.) money for sth. 付錢(給某人)買,如：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每個(gè)月要付20英鎊的房租。
pay for sth. 付……的錢。如：I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不賠丟失的書款。
pay for sb.替某人付錢。
如：Don’t worry！ I’ll pay for you.別擔(dān)心，我會(huì)給你付錢的。
5. It’s kind of small.它有點(diǎn)小。kind of： rather；in a certain way 有點(diǎn)兒，有幾分。如：I’m feeling kind of tired.我感到有點(diǎn)兒累了。
a kind of：a sort of 一種。如：Shark is a kind of fish in the sea. 鯊魚是一種海里的魚。
三、語(yǔ)法展示
賓語(yǔ)從句：賓語(yǔ)從句是初中英語(yǔ)重要的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容，同時(shí)它也是中考必考項(xiàng)目。要學(xué)好賓語(yǔ)從句，必須掌握好它的基本概念，基本特點(diǎn)和有關(guān)難點(diǎn)。
基本概念：在復(fù)合句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。它是眾多從句中的一員，它在復(fù)合句中作主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞的賓語(yǔ)。
1、掌握引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的各種連詞
2、掌握賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序——主句+連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
3、掌握賓語(yǔ)從句與主句在時(shí)態(tài)上的呼應(yīng)。
重點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)
難點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)；與疑問詞+不定式的轉(zhuǎn)化；與狀語(yǔ)從句的辨析
(一)連接詞
1.連詞that(在口語(yǔ)、非正式文體中可以省略，本身沒有意義)。引導(dǎo)陳述句做賓語(yǔ)從句。如：I tell him that I have read the story.
2.連詞if或whether(是否)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Do you know if he will go to school tomorrow？
3.連接代詞who，whose，what，which和連接副詞how，when where引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這些連詞在句中作成分，有實(shí)際意義不能省略。
He didn’t know when he would leave for Shanghai.
注意：1、由連接代、副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以和“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化。如. I don’t know how I should do with the presents.=I don’t know how to do with the presents.
2、要注意區(qū)分判斷由if、when引導(dǎo)的從句類型.(賓語(yǔ)從句還是狀語(yǔ)從句)
(二)語(yǔ)序
從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，就是指賓語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)一定要放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。
1.主句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)vt)+(that)從句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)……)；
2.主句+if/whether從句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)…)；
3.主句+連接代詞who/whom/whose/what/which+陳述句語(yǔ)序(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)…)；
4.主句+連接副詞when/where/why/how+陳述句語(yǔ)序。
(三)時(shí)態(tài)一致
賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常常受主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的制約，這種現(xiàn)象稱為“時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)”。
1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可以使用各種時(shí)態(tài)。
2.主句是一般過去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)要用與過去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。比如，一般過去時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來(lái)時(shí)等等。
(四)相關(guān)的難點(diǎn)及考點(diǎn)
1.連結(jié)詞that的省略。在非正式場(chǎng)合下，that在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以省略。如：I think (that) it is terrible.
但在正式場(chǎng)合，特別是表示建議要求的從句，一般不省略。
2.Whether不能換為if的情況
一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn‘t been decided.
②在介詞前：It depends on whether it is going to rain.
③與or not連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3.語(yǔ)序例外的特例。
What’s the matter ？作為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)有兩種前況。當(dāng)它的解釋是“怎么了？”時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不要變化。當(dāng)它的解釋是“這是什么物質(zhì)？”時(shí)，要變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序。如：
The teacher asked the students what the matter was.
The teacher asked the students what was the matter？
4.時(shí)態(tài)例外的特例。
如果賓語(yǔ)從句所敘述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句或諺語(yǔ)等，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用原時(shí)態(tài)。
The teacher told us light travels much faster than sound .
5.賓語(yǔ)從句否定意義的轉(zhuǎn)移。
在think ， believe ， suppose， imagine等動(dòng)詞所跟的賓語(yǔ)中，如果從句謂語(yǔ)是否定的，一般要將否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移至主句謂語(yǔ)上去，而將從句謂語(yǔ)改為肯定形式。如：
I don‘t think he has time to play with the girl.
6.由think ， believe ， suppose， imagine 加賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問句。
其疑問部分的構(gòu)成方法是：“結(jié)構(gòu)看從句，肯定否定看主句”
如：He thought it was late ， wasn’t it ？
7.賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的分辯。
在某些情況下，同學(xué)們?nèi)菀谆煜e語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。如if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句?？梢杂靡韵路椒▉?lái)處理：
當(dāng)if解釋為“是否”時(shí)，其引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句。遵循賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)則。
He doesn‘t know if the famous singer will come tomorrow.
當(dāng)if解釋為“如果”時(shí)，其引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。遵循的是“主將從現(xiàn)”的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)則。
He will come if he has time tomorrow.
四、達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練
(一)單項(xiàng)選擇
( )1.Could you please us Mary’s telephone number？
A. to give B. give
C. givingD. to giving
( )2.He often makes big plans that never .
A. happen B. to happen
C. happening
D. to happening
( )3. Can you please tell me where the post office？
A. to find
B. can I find
C. how to find
D. find
( )4. Do you know where some maps？
A. can I buy
B. can buy
C. I can buy
D. buy
( )5. Mr Tan makes the best noodles in town. They’re .
A. sour B. delicious
C. crispy D. salty
( )6. Do you know there are any good restaurants this block？
A. if，on
B. how，on
C. if，to
D. where，to
( )7.I live next to Xinshilong supermarket. It’s very .
A. beautiful
B. clean
C. delicious
D. convenient
( )8. Do you know where ？
A. is the shop
B. is shop
C. shop is
D. the shop is
( )9.——Do you know how to go the restrooms？
——
A. Yes，I can.
B. I could.
C. Sure.
D. I could tell you.
( )10. ——Where is the bookstore？
——Take the elevator the second floor and turn left. And the bookstore is the furniture store and the drugstore.
A. at，next to
B. at，between
C. on，between
D. to，next to
( ) 11. Can you tell me ？
A. how much does it cost
B.how much it is
C.how much it costs
D. Both B and C
( )12-I don’t know Mr.Green will come to see us.
——He will help us with our English.
A.why B.when
C.how D.where
( )13. I don’t feel very well.Mum asked me this morning.
A. what the matter is
B.what was wrong
C.what the matter was
D.what wrong was
( ) 14. Yao Ming is a boy who is helping the Houston Rockets in NBA.
A.2.16-metres-tall
B. 2.26-metre-tall
C. 2.16 metres tall
D. 2.26 metres
( )15.——Where is Jack？
——He is away to spend his holiday.He’s gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan，but I’m not sure _____.
A.that B.which
C.where D.there
(二)同步寫作
先閱讀下面表格里的內(nèi)容并續(xù)寫短文(開頭已給出，80字左右).
Everyone likes to go to different places. .
答案：(一) 1-5 BAACB 6-10 ADDCC 11-15 DBBBC
(二)Everyone likes to go to different places. I like to go to libraries，because it is quiet and I can read all kinds of books there. But on Sundays there aren‘t enough seats. Shopping in the supermarket is convenient and inexpensive，so Tom likes shopping there. But sometimes there are too many people and he says he has to wait for a long time.Mario likes shopping in the mall. Though it is too crowed and noisy，it is relaxing and fascinating.
一、疑點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)*
1. Can you tell me where there’s a good place to eat？你能告訴我哪里有吃飯的好地方嗎？
疑點(diǎn)：to eat動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)作place的后置定語(yǔ)。如：I want to find something to eat.
難點(diǎn)：當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，若不定式中的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞不能省略。如：It’s very cold outside. We must find a room to live in.
2. Peter，please lend me your pen.彼得，把你的鋼筆借給我一下。
疑點(diǎn)：lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb把某物借給某人,如：I have lent my pen to the teacher=I have lent the teacher my pen.
難點(diǎn)：“借”的表達(dá)方式不同，表達(dá)的含義也不同。觀察例句，體會(huì)“借”的不同。
1)May I borrow some books from the library？我可以從圖書館借幾本書嗎？borrow…from…從…借…(對(duì)主語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)是借進(jìn))
2)He has kept the book for five days.這本書他已經(jīng)借了五天了。keep sth. for some time借某物一段時(shí)間，用于完成時(shí)。
3)Can I have a piece of paper from you？我可以借你一張紙嗎？have sth. from sb.借某人某物(借后不用歸還)
3.They have organized games and the staff dress up as clown.他們組織各種游戲，所有人都裝扮成小丑。
疑點(diǎn)：dress up常用作不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，意為“穿著好的衣服、打扮、化妝”，其后一般不接表示衣服的名詞。如：They all dressed up as teachers and began to teach in the class.
難點(diǎn)：表示穿著的詞還有幾個(gè)，每一個(gè)都有不同的側(cè)重點(diǎn)，學(xué)習(xí)中注意區(qū)分。put on和get dress都表示穿上衣服的意思，強(qiáng)調(diào)穿的動(dòng)作；wear，be in，be dressed側(cè)重穿著、戴著的狀態(tài)；dress意為“給…穿衣服”。
4. On the other hand，it might be alright to say “Where is my book？”in some situations，perhaps with people you know well.另外一方面，與你熟識(shí)的人在某些場(chǎng)合說(shuō)“我的書哪兒去了？”或許更好一些。
疑點(diǎn)：alright=all right主要用法有三種：
1)用于系動(dòng)詞be之后，表示健康狀況，相當(dāng)于fine或well；如：How are you？I am alright/well/fine.
2)表示贊同對(duì)方的意見，意為“行、好吧”；如：Let’s meet outside the school gate.Alright=All right.
3)表示令人滿意、順利的,如：His teaching is alright.他教的課令人滿意。
難點(diǎn)：注意和That’s right. That’s all right.的區(qū)別。That’s right=You are right=Right表示贊同對(duì)方的意見或看法，意為“不錯(cuò)、正確”。
That’s all right.
1)用于回答別人表示感謝時(shí)的用語(yǔ)，意為“別客氣、不用謝”
2)用于回答別人道歉時(shí)的用語(yǔ)，意為“不要緊、沒關(guān)系”
3)用于對(duì)對(duì)方某一情況表明“沒問題、行了”
二、重點(diǎn)講解
1.Could you please tell me where the restrooms are？請(qǐng)你告訴我?guī)谀膬汉脝幔?BR> Could you…？是個(gè)句型，could在此不是過去形式，它此時(shí)表示語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)、有禮貌。在希望得到肯定答復(fù)的疑問句中，以及在含有表示建議、請(qǐng)求和征求意見語(yǔ)氣的疑問句中，常用some和something，而不用any和anything。
(1)Could you lend me your motorbike， please？ 請(qǐng)把你的摩托車借給我好嗎？
(2)Could you tell me something about yourself.請(qǐng)談?wù)勀阕约汉脝幔?BR> 2. The bank is next to the bookstore.銀行在書店的旁邊。
next to： a close beside貼近，靠近
如：I’m sitting next to Mary.我坐在瑪麗的旁邊。
英語(yǔ)中表示方位的表達(dá)有：close to在附近；on the left/right side在左/右邊；in the middle of在…的中間；in front of 在…的前面；between…and…在…之間；be opposite to在……對(duì)面；across from 在……對(duì)面。
3. It’s also just fun to watch people.觀察人是很有趣的。
It’s+adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.(對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)，做某事是……的)
該句型中，it是一個(gè)形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)to do sth.句型中的for sb.常根據(jù)需要省略。
如：It’s impossible for him to get up early.對(duì)于他來(lái)說(shuō)，早起床是不可能的。
4. When I go into stores I always spend too much money！當(dāng)我走進(jìn)商店，我總會(huì)花掉很多的錢。
spend，cost，take，pay 都可以表示“花費(fèi)”，但用法卻不盡相同。
1)spend的主語(yǔ)必須是人，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：spend time/money on sth. 在……上花費(fèi)時(shí)間(金錢)。如：I spent two hours on this maths problem.這道數(shù)學(xué)題花了我兩個(gè)小時(shí)。
spend time/money (in) doing sth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間(金錢)做某事。如：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造這座橋花了他們兩年時(shí)間。
spend money for sth. 花錢買……。如：His money was spent for books.他的錢用來(lái)買書了。
2)cost的主語(yǔ)是物或某種活動(dòng)，還可以表示“值”，常見用法如下：
sth. costs (sb.)+金錢，某物花了(某人)多少錢。如：A new computer costs a lot of money.買一臺(tái)新電腦要花一大筆錢。
(doing) sth. costs (sb.)+時(shí)間，某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少時(shí)間。如：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量時(shí)間才記住了這些單詞。
3)take后面常跟雙賓語(yǔ)，常見用法有以下幾種：
It takes sb.+時(shí)間+to do sth.做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。如：It took them three years to build this road.他們用了三年時(shí)間修完了這條路。doing sth. takes sb. +時(shí)間，做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。如：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修車。
4)pay的基本用法是：
pay(sb.) money for sth. 付錢(給某人)買,如：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每個(gè)月要付20英鎊的房租。
pay for sth. 付……的錢。如：I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不賠丟失的書款。
pay for sb.替某人付錢。
如：Don’t worry！ I’ll pay for you.別擔(dān)心，我會(huì)給你付錢的。
5. It’s kind of small.它有點(diǎn)小。kind of： rather；in a certain way 有點(diǎn)兒，有幾分。如：I’m feeling kind of tired.我感到有點(diǎn)兒累了。
a kind of：a sort of 一種。如：Shark is a kind of fish in the sea. 鯊魚是一種海里的魚。
三、語(yǔ)法展示
賓語(yǔ)從句：賓語(yǔ)從句是初中英語(yǔ)重要的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容，同時(shí)它也是中考必考項(xiàng)目。要學(xué)好賓語(yǔ)從句，必須掌握好它的基本概念，基本特點(diǎn)和有關(guān)難點(diǎn)。
基本概念：在復(fù)合句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。它是眾多從句中的一員，它在復(fù)合句中作主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞的賓語(yǔ)。
1、掌握引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的各種連詞
2、掌握賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序——主句+連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
3、掌握賓語(yǔ)從句與主句在時(shí)態(tài)上的呼應(yīng)。
重點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)
難點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)；與疑問詞+不定式的轉(zhuǎn)化；與狀語(yǔ)從句的辨析
(一)連接詞
1.連詞that(在口語(yǔ)、非正式文體中可以省略，本身沒有意義)。引導(dǎo)陳述句做賓語(yǔ)從句。如：I tell him that I have read the story.
2.連詞if或whether(是否)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Do you know if he will go to school tomorrow？
3.連接代詞who，whose，what，which和連接副詞how，when where引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這些連詞在句中作成分，有實(shí)際意義不能省略。
He didn’t know when he would leave for Shanghai.
注意：1、由連接代、副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以和“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化。如. I don’t know how I should do with the presents.=I don’t know how to do with the presents.
2、要注意區(qū)分判斷由if、when引導(dǎo)的從句類型.(賓語(yǔ)從句還是狀語(yǔ)從句)
(二)語(yǔ)序
從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，就是指賓語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)一定要放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。
1.主句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)vt)+(that)從句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)……)；
2.主句+if/whether從句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)…)；
3.主句+連接代詞who/whom/whose/what/which+陳述句語(yǔ)序(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)…)；
4.主句+連接副詞when/where/why/how+陳述句語(yǔ)序。
(三)時(shí)態(tài)一致
賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常常受主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的制約，這種現(xiàn)象稱為“時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)”。
1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可以使用各種時(shí)態(tài)。
2.主句是一般過去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)要用與過去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。比如，一般過去時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來(lái)時(shí)等等。
(四)相關(guān)的難點(diǎn)及考點(diǎn)
1.連結(jié)詞that的省略。在非正式場(chǎng)合下，that在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以省略。如：I think (that) it is terrible.
但在正式場(chǎng)合，特別是表示建議要求的從句，一般不省略。
2.Whether不能換為if的情況
一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn‘t been decided.
②在介詞前：It depends on whether it is going to rain.
③與or not連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3.語(yǔ)序例外的特例。
What’s the matter ？作為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)有兩種前況。當(dāng)它的解釋是“怎么了？”時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不要變化。當(dāng)它的解釋是“這是什么物質(zhì)？”時(shí)，要變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序。如：
The teacher asked the students what the matter was.
The teacher asked the students what was the matter？
4.時(shí)態(tài)例外的特例。
如果賓語(yǔ)從句所敘述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句或諺語(yǔ)等，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用原時(shí)態(tài)。
The teacher told us light travels much faster than sound .
5.賓語(yǔ)從句否定意義的轉(zhuǎn)移。
在think ， believe ， suppose， imagine等動(dòng)詞所跟的賓語(yǔ)中，如果從句謂語(yǔ)是否定的，一般要將否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移至主句謂語(yǔ)上去，而將從句謂語(yǔ)改為肯定形式。如：
I don‘t think he has time to play with the girl.
6.由think ， believe ， suppose， imagine 加賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問句。
其疑問部分的構(gòu)成方法是：“結(jié)構(gòu)看從句，肯定否定看主句”
如：He thought it was late ， wasn’t it ？
7.賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的分辯。
在某些情況下，同學(xué)們?nèi)菀谆煜e語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。如if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句?？梢杂靡韵路椒▉?lái)處理：
當(dāng)if解釋為“是否”時(shí)，其引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句。遵循賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)則。
He doesn‘t know if the famous singer will come tomorrow.
當(dāng)if解釋為“如果”時(shí)，其引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。遵循的是“主將從現(xiàn)”的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)則。
He will come if he has time tomorrow.
四、達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練
(一)單項(xiàng)選擇
( )1.Could you please us Mary’s telephone number？
A. to give B. give
C. givingD. to giving
( )2.He often makes big plans that never .
A. happen B. to happen
C. happening
D. to happening
( )3. Can you please tell me where the post office？
A. to find
B. can I find
C. how to find
D. find
( )4. Do you know where some maps？
A. can I buy
B. can buy
C. I can buy
D. buy
( )5. Mr Tan makes the best noodles in town. They’re .
A. sour B. delicious
C. crispy D. salty
( )6. Do you know there are any good restaurants this block？
A. if，on
B. how，on
C. if，to
D. where，to
( )7.I live next to Xinshilong supermarket. It’s very .
A. beautiful
B. clean
C. delicious
D. convenient
( )8. Do you know where ？
A. is the shop
B. is shop
C. shop is
D. the shop is
( )9.——Do you know how to go the restrooms？
——
A. Yes，I can.
B. I could.
C. Sure.
D. I could tell you.
( )10. ——Where is the bookstore？
——Take the elevator the second floor and turn left. And the bookstore is the furniture store and the drugstore.
A. at，next to
B. at，between
C. on，between
D. to，next to
( ) 11. Can you tell me ？
A. how much does it cost
B.how much it is
C.how much it costs
D. Both B and C
( )12-I don’t know Mr.Green will come to see us.
——He will help us with our English.
A.why B.when
C.how D.where
( )13. I don’t feel very well.Mum asked me this morning.
A. what the matter is
B.what was wrong
C.what the matter was
D.what wrong was
( ) 14. Yao Ming is a boy who is helping the Houston Rockets in NBA.
A.2.16-metres-tall
B. 2.26-metre-tall
C. 2.16 metres tall
D. 2.26 metres
( )15.——Where is Jack？
——He is away to spend his holiday.He’s gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan，but I’m not sure _____.
A.that B.which
C.where D.there
(二)同步寫作
先閱讀下面表格里的內(nèi)容并續(xù)寫短文(開頭已給出，80字左右).
Everyone likes to go to different places. .
答案：(一) 1-5 BAACB 6-10 ADDCC 11-15 DBBBC
(二)Everyone likes to go to different places. I like to go to libraries，because it is quiet and I can read all kinds of books there. But on Sundays there aren‘t enough seats. Shopping in the supermarket is convenient and inexpensive，so Tom likes shopping there. But sometimes there are too many people and he says he has to wait for a long time.Mario likes shopping in the mall. Though it is too crowed and noisy，it is relaxing and fascinating.