縱觀2006年中考英語試題，一個明顯特點(diǎn)，就是將語法、詞法和句法有機(jī)地融于情景中進(jìn)行檢測，凸顯對“語境”的考察。這一特點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了語言的運(yùn)用能力，使英語學(xué)習(xí)更加切合生活實(shí)際。如何能夠得心應(yīng)手地解答這類試題，關(guān)鍵是對所給語境進(jìn)行分析推理，捕捉有用信息。
一、單項(xiàng)選擇考“語境”
二、口語應(yīng)用考“語境”
近年來，很多省、市的中考題都增加了“口語應(yīng)用”題型，解答這類題關(guān)鍵是要聯(lián)系上下文，捕捉語境暗示，此外，還要注意中外交際習(xí)俗的差異。如：
選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)木渥油瓿上铝袑υ挕?2006年上海)
A. I will start today.
B. But in fact，I’m feeling a little tired these days.
C. When the weather is warmer,
I’ll do it.
D. Very well, thank you.
E. Never better, Henry.
F. I get more exercises than you.
And I’m more careful about my diet.
G. Henry, and you are heavier than you used to be.
Man: Hello, Susan. How is everything in New York？
Lady: 1 How are you？How is the family？
Man: Everyone’s fine. 2
Lady: You’re getting older, 3
Man: Everyone gets older. But you look younger than ever. What’s your secret(秘密)？
Lady: There is no secret. 4 You should too.
Man: You are right. 5
Lady: No, Henry. You should start now.
Man: Okey. 6 Thank you for the advice.
【評析】 解答口語應(yīng)用題，一定要先通讀兩遍，了解其大概交流內(nèi)容。這段對話從問候How is everything…？開始談到保持年輕的秘密是鍛煉。很平常的一段對話，貼近生活，容易讀懂，然后再細(xì)讀，尋找上下句的語境暗示。
(1)How is everything in New York ？問在紐約的情況怎么樣？所給答案只有Never better, Henry.可以回答，其余答案語意相差太遠(yuǎn)。
(2)How are you？ How is the family ？問朋友及家人身體狀況，且已作回答Everyone is fine.所給答案能回答身體狀況的只有B和D，如果選D，就與答句Everyone is fine.重復(fù)，因此只能選B。But與前句Everyone is fine. 形成轉(zhuǎn)折。I’m feeling a little tired these days. 引出下文You’re getting older.
(3)承接上句“感到累”，原因是年齡變大，體重增加，而下句則是人人在變老，而對方則顯得年輕，秘密何在？因此第(3)句選G，承前啟后。
(4)Lady說“There is no secret.”，憑常識自然容易想到“鍛煉和節(jié)食”，因此4只能選F，同時建議朋友也應(yīng)該這么做。
(5)、(6)兩個答案就容易選，接受朋友建議從現(xiàn)在做起。
正確答案：EBGFAC
(一)對話式“單項(xiàng)選擇”
2006年武漢市、黃岡市的“單項(xiàng)選擇”題全是“對話式”題干。題干雖然提供了一個小語境，但常存在省略現(xiàn)象，某些時態(tài)、詞義等都要通過上下文來揣測。答語的依據(jù)隱藏在問句中，或問句的依據(jù)包含在答語中，因此解答這類題，一定要注意語境暗示。例如：
1. (2006年重慶)— Where did you go last night？
— I ___ to go to Li Lei’s birthday party.
A. asked B. am asked
C. have been asked D. was asked
【評析】 問句Where did you go last night？昨天晚上你去了哪里，答句中省略時間狀語last night，因此答句中應(yīng)該用一般過去時態(tài)。然后再判斷主語I與動詞ask的關(guān)系。從句意判斷“我被邀請去參加Li Lei的生日晚會”(主語I應(yīng)該是承受者)，此題屬于在語境中考查一般過去式的被動語態(tài)，正確答案選D。
2. (2006年湖北黃岡)— Why does Joe look so ______ today？
— Because she has got an“A”in her English test.
A. exciting B. sad
C. happy D. angry
【評析】 此題考查的語言點(diǎn)是look作系動詞，譯為“顯得，看起來”，后面應(yīng)該跟形容詞。四個答案均為形容詞，因此答案暗示在語境She has got an“A”in her English test.中，自然排除B、D，而exciting是“令人興奮，令人激動”，主語通常是物，因此正確答案選C。
3. (2006年湖北武漢)— Do you think Brazil will beat Japan in World Cup 2006？
— Yes. They have better players , so I _____ them to win.
A. hope B. prefer
C. expect D. want
【評析】 此題是在語境中考查動詞的用法，從詞法上看hope sb. to do sth.是錯誤的，因此A不對，從提供語境They have better players. 看詞意hope和expect都對，綜合起來正確答案選C
(二)似考語言點(diǎn)，實(shí)考語境
1. (2006年重慶)The teacher said we needed to choose three _______ for the school concert.
A. farmers B. doctors
C. drivers D. singers
【評析】 此題表面上一看好像在考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，仔細(xì)一看四個名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式全部正確，實(shí)際上就是考查語境下的詞意，句中暗含語the school concert，因此答案選D。
2. (2006年湖北武漢)— What happened to you this morning？
— The teacher asked me for my ___ when I was late again.
A. meaning B. idea
C. excuse D. answer
【評析】 此題表面上考詞的辨析與詞類，實(shí)際上是考查詞的基本含義和在特定語境中的含義，excuse、answer既可以作動詞又可以作名詞，正確答案選C，此時的excuse是名詞，意思是“理由，借口”。
三、短文填空考“語境”
短文填空主要考查語言實(shí)際綜合運(yùn)用能力，在中考中屬于綜合題，而語言的應(yīng)用必須根據(jù)短文提供的語境獲取大意。例如2006年重慶中考(保持原題號)
根據(jù)下列短文內(nèi)容，在短文后的空格處填上一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。
Maybe you are more interested in sports than in history. You probably think you will never be a top student. In 77 , anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. If you can use your time well, you may improve your study 78 much work. Here’s how:
Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week time, you should make a 79 of things that you have to do. First write down the time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide on a good time for studying. Of course, studying shouldn’t take all of your time. Don’t forget to leave yourself enough 80 for hobbies.
Find a good place to study. Look around the house 81 a good study place. Keep this space, which may be a desk 82 just a corner of your room. No games, radio, or television！ When you sit down to work , think only about the subject！
Make good use of your time in class. Listen 83 to what the teacher says. Careful listening in class means less work later. You also need to take notes in class, because it can 84 it easier for you to learn well.
There are only a few ways mentioned here to 85 you with your studying. I believe you will find 86 other ways besides these.
【評析】 短文填空首先必須讀通大意。本文的關(guān)鍵句If you can use your time well, you may improve your study without much work. 而78是讀懂文章最關(guān)鍵的一詞，要準(zhǔn)確填寫這一關(guān)鍵詞，必須根據(jù)前后語境，尤其是后面三段的大語境：①Plan your time carefully. ②Find a good place to study. ③Make good use of your time in class. 只要做到這三點(diǎn)，用不著大量的作業(yè)和工作，就可以提高學(xué)習(xí)成績，但很多考生就沒有注意到整個文段的語境，只是孤立看一句話“如果利用好時間，通過努力工作就可以提高學(xué)習(xí)成績”，因此考生易填上with或through。實(shí)際上80、81、86都屬于語境考題，要準(zhǔn)確填詞，務(wù)必弄清前后語境暗示與聯(lián)系。又如：Of course, studying shouldn’t take all of your time. (當(dāng)然，學(xué)習(xí)不應(yīng)該占用你所有時間。)，自然就會聯(lián)想到“留時間做……”leave time for…因此80應(yīng)該填time。look around the house的目的就是為了a good study place，因此填上for表目的，相當(dāng)于to find，與前面語境find a good place to study吻合。最后一句I believe you’ll find ______ other ways besides these.結(jié)合前面語境There are only a few ways mentioned here. 中的only a few，很容易想到some或many。
一、單項(xiàng)選擇考“語境”
二、口語應(yīng)用考“語境”
近年來，很多省、市的中考題都增加了“口語應(yīng)用”題型，解答這類題關(guān)鍵是要聯(lián)系上下文，捕捉語境暗示，此外，還要注意中外交際習(xí)俗的差異。如：
選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)木渥油瓿上铝袑υ挕?2006年上海)
A. I will start today.
B. But in fact，I’m feeling a little tired these days.
C. When the weather is warmer,
I’ll do it.
D. Very well, thank you.
E. Never better, Henry.
F. I get more exercises than you.
And I’m more careful about my diet.
G. Henry, and you are heavier than you used to be.
Man: Hello, Susan. How is everything in New York？
Lady: 1 How are you？How is the family？
Man: Everyone’s fine. 2
Lady: You’re getting older, 3
Man: Everyone gets older. But you look younger than ever. What’s your secret(秘密)？
Lady: There is no secret. 4 You should too.
Man: You are right. 5
Lady: No, Henry. You should start now.
Man: Okey. 6 Thank you for the advice.
【評析】 解答口語應(yīng)用題，一定要先通讀兩遍，了解其大概交流內(nèi)容。這段對話從問候How is everything…？開始談到保持年輕的秘密是鍛煉。很平常的一段對話，貼近生活，容易讀懂，然后再細(xì)讀，尋找上下句的語境暗示。
(1)How is everything in New York ？問在紐約的情況怎么樣？所給答案只有Never better, Henry.可以回答，其余答案語意相差太遠(yuǎn)。
(2)How are you？ How is the family ？問朋友及家人身體狀況，且已作回答Everyone is fine.所給答案能回答身體狀況的只有B和D，如果選D，就與答句Everyone is fine.重復(fù)，因此只能選B。But與前句Everyone is fine. 形成轉(zhuǎn)折。I’m feeling a little tired these days. 引出下文You’re getting older.
(3)承接上句“感到累”，原因是年齡變大，體重增加，而下句則是人人在變老，而對方則顯得年輕，秘密何在？因此第(3)句選G，承前啟后。
(4)Lady說“There is no secret.”，憑常識自然容易想到“鍛煉和節(jié)食”，因此4只能選F，同時建議朋友也應(yīng)該這么做。
(5)、(6)兩個答案就容易選，接受朋友建議從現(xiàn)在做起。
正確答案：EBGFAC
(一)對話式“單項(xiàng)選擇”
2006年武漢市、黃岡市的“單項(xiàng)選擇”題全是“對話式”題干。題干雖然提供了一個小語境，但常存在省略現(xiàn)象，某些時態(tài)、詞義等都要通過上下文來揣測。答語的依據(jù)隱藏在問句中，或問句的依據(jù)包含在答語中，因此解答這類題，一定要注意語境暗示。例如：
1. (2006年重慶)— Where did you go last night？
— I ___ to go to Li Lei’s birthday party.
A. asked B. am asked
C. have been asked D. was asked
【評析】 問句Where did you go last night？昨天晚上你去了哪里，答句中省略時間狀語last night，因此答句中應(yīng)該用一般過去時態(tài)。然后再判斷主語I與動詞ask的關(guān)系。從句意判斷“我被邀請去參加Li Lei的生日晚會”(主語I應(yīng)該是承受者)，此題屬于在語境中考查一般過去式的被動語態(tài)，正確答案選D。
2. (2006年湖北黃岡)— Why does Joe look so ______ today？
— Because she has got an“A”in her English test.
A. exciting B. sad
C. happy D. angry
【評析】 此題考查的語言點(diǎn)是look作系動詞，譯為“顯得，看起來”，后面應(yīng)該跟形容詞。四個答案均為形容詞，因此答案暗示在語境She has got an“A”in her English test.中，自然排除B、D，而exciting是“令人興奮，令人激動”，主語通常是物，因此正確答案選C。
3. (2006年湖北武漢)— Do you think Brazil will beat Japan in World Cup 2006？
— Yes. They have better players , so I _____ them to win.
A. hope B. prefer
C. expect D. want
【評析】 此題是在語境中考查動詞的用法，從詞法上看hope sb. to do sth.是錯誤的，因此A不對，從提供語境They have better players. 看詞意hope和expect都對，綜合起來正確答案選C
(二)似考語言點(diǎn)，實(shí)考語境
1. (2006年重慶)The teacher said we needed to choose three _______ for the school concert.
A. farmers B. doctors
C. drivers D. singers
【評析】 此題表面上一看好像在考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，仔細(xì)一看四個名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式全部正確，實(shí)際上就是考查語境下的詞意，句中暗含語the school concert，因此答案選D。
2. (2006年湖北武漢)— What happened to you this morning？
— The teacher asked me for my ___ when I was late again.
A. meaning B. idea
C. excuse D. answer
【評析】 此題表面上考詞的辨析與詞類，實(shí)際上是考查詞的基本含義和在特定語境中的含義，excuse、answer既可以作動詞又可以作名詞，正確答案選C，此時的excuse是名詞，意思是“理由，借口”。
三、短文填空考“語境”
短文填空主要考查語言實(shí)際綜合運(yùn)用能力，在中考中屬于綜合題，而語言的應(yīng)用必須根據(jù)短文提供的語境獲取大意。例如2006年重慶中考(保持原題號)
根據(jù)下列短文內(nèi)容，在短文后的空格處填上一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。
Maybe you are more interested in sports than in history. You probably think you will never be a top student. In 77 , anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. If you can use your time well, you may improve your study 78 much work. Here’s how:
Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week time, you should make a 79 of things that you have to do. First write down the time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide on a good time for studying. Of course, studying shouldn’t take all of your time. Don’t forget to leave yourself enough 80 for hobbies.
Find a good place to study. Look around the house 81 a good study place. Keep this space, which may be a desk 82 just a corner of your room. No games, radio, or television！ When you sit down to work , think only about the subject！
Make good use of your time in class. Listen 83 to what the teacher says. Careful listening in class means less work later. You also need to take notes in class, because it can 84 it easier for you to learn well.
There are only a few ways mentioned here to 85 you with your studying. I believe you will find 86 other ways besides these.
【評析】 短文填空首先必須讀通大意。本文的關(guān)鍵句If you can use your time well, you may improve your study without much work. 而78是讀懂文章最關(guān)鍵的一詞，要準(zhǔn)確填寫這一關(guān)鍵詞，必須根據(jù)前后語境，尤其是后面三段的大語境：①Plan your time carefully. ②Find a good place to study. ③Make good use of your time in class. 只要做到這三點(diǎn)，用不著大量的作業(yè)和工作，就可以提高學(xué)習(xí)成績，但很多考生就沒有注意到整個文段的語境，只是孤立看一句話“如果利用好時間，通過努力工作就可以提高學(xué)習(xí)成績”，因此考生易填上with或through。實(shí)際上80、81、86都屬于語境考題，要準(zhǔn)確填詞，務(wù)必弄清前后語境暗示與聯(lián)系。又如：Of course, studying shouldn’t take all of your time. (當(dāng)然，學(xué)習(xí)不應(yīng)該占用你所有時間。)，自然就會聯(lián)想到“留時間做……”leave time for…因此80應(yīng)該填time。look around the house的目的就是為了a good study place，因此填上for表目的，相當(dāng)于to find，與前面語境find a good place to study吻合。最后一句I believe you’ll find ______ other ways besides these.結(jié)合前面語境There are only a few ways mentioned here. 中的only a few，很容易想到some或many。