1.What is Translation？
Translation and Interpretation
Translation standards：Faithfulness，Expressiveness and Elegance
要求：中文與英文均無(wú)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，無(wú)錯(cuò)別字，無(wú)拼寫錯(cuò)誤。終于原文結(jié)構(gòu)、實(shí)事和內(nèi)容，翻譯時(shí)要注意overall understanding在整體全篇的理解的基礎(chǔ)上再翻譯，意思才能表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確。
2.Passage Translation
1） A merchant ，whose daughter had married a man with whom it proved she could not get on very well， was surprised some weeks later to see the young lady return home with all her belongings.
有一個(gè)商人的女兒嫁人了，但是與丈夫關(guān)系過(guò)得不是很好，幾周后帶著隨身物品回到娘家，商人看見(jiàn)了和驚訝。
The old man listened very attentively to her story， and then went to his desk and wrote a note to his son-in-law， which he gave to his daughter assuring her that her husband would receive her kindly after this.
商人仔細(xì)聽(tīng)了女兒的述說(shuō)，然后到桌旁寫了一張便條給他女婿，把它交給女兒并向她保證他的丈夫在看到便條后一定會(huì)善待她的。
The pair， on reading the letter， found in it the following notice：“Dear sir，goods that have been selected of one's own free will at my establishment are not to be taken back.” The young couple laughed heartily， and were reconciled.
女兒回到家后與丈夫打開信來(lái)看時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)這封信里是封通知：“親愛(ài)的顧客，在本店自由選擇的貨物一經(jīng)售出概不退還。
2） Until the nineteenth century，the Asians were relatively successful in holding the European traders and missionaries at bay.
在十九世紀(jì)之前，亞洲人才相對(duì)成功地把歐洲商人和傳教士拒之國(guó)門之外。
hold sb. at bay=keep sb. far away， missionary 傳教士
The Chinese court assumed an aloof and patronizing attitude toward these Westerners， keeping them confined（limited） to the southern port cities of Macao and later， Canton.
中國(guó)朝廷對(duì)這些西方人采取的是冷漠和施恩的態(tài)度，把他們限制在南部的港口城市：澳門以及和后來(lái)的廣州。
Canton 廣州， patronizing 傲慢的，惠顧的， aloof 遠(yuǎn)離的，冷淡的
China's rulers supremely confident in their own tradition， professed little need of Western goods and ideas.
中國(guó)的統(tǒng)治者對(duì)待自己的傳統(tǒng)及其自信，聲稱對(duì)待西方的商品和思想根本不需要。
supreme 的，的，最重要的，profess 聲稱；自稱
Thus responding to a British request for diplomatic representation in Beijing in 1816， the Chinese Emperor avowed that “my dynasty attached no value to products from abroad： your nation's strange wares do not appeal to me in the least，nor do they interest me，”
因此在1896年，中國(guó)的皇帝在回復(fù)英國(guó)人請(qǐng)求在北京設(shè)立外交代表時(shí)，中國(guó)皇帝聲稱：“吾朝視外邦物產(chǎn)一文不值，汝國(guó)之怪異物品根本吸引不了朕，朕亦無(wú)興趣。
ware 商品（pl.）
3） 國(guó)家不分大小強(qiáng)弱，也不分社會(huì)制度和意識(shí)形態(tài)異同，都一律平等，互相尊重。
All countries ，（whether） big or small，strong or week，will be equal and respect each other regardless of/irrespcet of the differences in social system and ideology.
看完全文后應(yīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)說(shuō)話場(chǎng)合是在聯(lián)合國(guó)，在聯(lián)合國(guó)提議用will，不用should.一對(duì)反意詞可作形容詞后置。
任何國(guó)家都不得把自己的意志強(qiáng)加于人，都不得謀求霸權(quán)。
Any country will not impose/force/press its will on others，or seek hegemony.
各國(guó)內(nèi)部事務(wù)由各國(guó)自己處理，世界的共同事務(wù)由各國(guó)協(xié)商處理。
The internal affairs of one country will be addressed by itself while the common affairs of the world will be handled by all countries through consultation.
為了避免英語(yǔ)中的重復(fù)，用不同的詞表示“處理”。其中address可以解釋為“解決”
國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端都通過(guò)和平談判解決，而不訴諸武力或以武力相威脅。
All international disputes will be resolved through peaceful negotiations instead of /rather than/without resorting to force or threat by force.
我們深信，這樣的世界是符合各國(guó)人民的利益和愿望的。
We are convinced that such a world is in line with interests and aspirations of the people of various country.
我愿借助聯(lián)合國(guó)的崇高講壇，把中國(guó)政府這一設(shè)想提出來(lái)，希望各國(guó)政治家在討論世界前途時(shí)，加以認(rèn)真考慮。
We would like to take advangtage of the august/dignified/stately/majestic forum of the United Nations to present the idea of Chinese government and hope/hoping that the statesmen of all countries will take it into （serious） consideration when exploring the future of the world.
lofty用于形容人的崇高，目標(biāo)、idea等，形容建筑物的高度，holy神圣的（帶有宗教色彩）
求同存異 seek common ground while preserving differences
奉行睦鄰友好政策 uphold （pursue） the good-neighbor （good-neighborly） policy
戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系 the strategic partnership
中國(guó)國(guó)際地位顯著提高 china's international standing has risen notably
Translation and Interpretation
Translation standards：Faithfulness，Expressiveness and Elegance
要求：中文與英文均無(wú)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，無(wú)錯(cuò)別字，無(wú)拼寫錯(cuò)誤。終于原文結(jié)構(gòu)、實(shí)事和內(nèi)容，翻譯時(shí)要注意overall understanding在整體全篇的理解的基礎(chǔ)上再翻譯，意思才能表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確。
2.Passage Translation
1） A merchant ，whose daughter had married a man with whom it proved she could not get on very well， was surprised some weeks later to see the young lady return home with all her belongings.
有一個(gè)商人的女兒嫁人了，但是與丈夫關(guān)系過(guò)得不是很好，幾周后帶著隨身物品回到娘家，商人看見(jiàn)了和驚訝。
The old man listened very attentively to her story， and then went to his desk and wrote a note to his son-in-law， which he gave to his daughter assuring her that her husband would receive her kindly after this.
商人仔細(xì)聽(tīng)了女兒的述說(shuō)，然后到桌旁寫了一張便條給他女婿，把它交給女兒并向她保證他的丈夫在看到便條后一定會(huì)善待她的。
The pair， on reading the letter， found in it the following notice：“Dear sir，goods that have been selected of one's own free will at my establishment are not to be taken back.” The young couple laughed heartily， and were reconciled.
女兒回到家后與丈夫打開信來(lái)看時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)這封信里是封通知：“親愛(ài)的顧客，在本店自由選擇的貨物一經(jīng)售出概不退還。
2） Until the nineteenth century，the Asians were relatively successful in holding the European traders and missionaries at bay.
在十九世紀(jì)之前，亞洲人才相對(duì)成功地把歐洲商人和傳教士拒之國(guó)門之外。
hold sb. at bay=keep sb. far away， missionary 傳教士
The Chinese court assumed an aloof and patronizing attitude toward these Westerners， keeping them confined（limited） to the southern port cities of Macao and later， Canton.
中國(guó)朝廷對(duì)這些西方人采取的是冷漠和施恩的態(tài)度，把他們限制在南部的港口城市：澳門以及和后來(lái)的廣州。
Canton 廣州， patronizing 傲慢的，惠顧的， aloof 遠(yuǎn)離的，冷淡的
China's rulers supremely confident in their own tradition， professed little need of Western goods and ideas.
中國(guó)的統(tǒng)治者對(duì)待自己的傳統(tǒng)及其自信，聲稱對(duì)待西方的商品和思想根本不需要。
supreme 的，的，最重要的，profess 聲稱；自稱
Thus responding to a British request for diplomatic representation in Beijing in 1816， the Chinese Emperor avowed that “my dynasty attached no value to products from abroad： your nation's strange wares do not appeal to me in the least，nor do they interest me，”
因此在1896年，中國(guó)的皇帝在回復(fù)英國(guó)人請(qǐng)求在北京設(shè)立外交代表時(shí)，中國(guó)皇帝聲稱：“吾朝視外邦物產(chǎn)一文不值，汝國(guó)之怪異物品根本吸引不了朕，朕亦無(wú)興趣。
ware 商品（pl.）
3） 國(guó)家不分大小強(qiáng)弱，也不分社會(huì)制度和意識(shí)形態(tài)異同，都一律平等，互相尊重。
All countries ，（whether） big or small，strong or week，will be equal and respect each other regardless of/irrespcet of the differences in social system and ideology.
看完全文后應(yīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)說(shuō)話場(chǎng)合是在聯(lián)合國(guó)，在聯(lián)合國(guó)提議用will，不用should.一對(duì)反意詞可作形容詞后置。
任何國(guó)家都不得把自己的意志強(qiáng)加于人，都不得謀求霸權(quán)。
Any country will not impose/force/press its will on others，or seek hegemony.
各國(guó)內(nèi)部事務(wù)由各國(guó)自己處理，世界的共同事務(wù)由各國(guó)協(xié)商處理。
The internal affairs of one country will be addressed by itself while the common affairs of the world will be handled by all countries through consultation.
為了避免英語(yǔ)中的重復(fù)，用不同的詞表示“處理”。其中address可以解釋為“解決”
國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端都通過(guò)和平談判解決，而不訴諸武力或以武力相威脅。
All international disputes will be resolved through peaceful negotiations instead of /rather than/without resorting to force or threat by force.
我們深信，這樣的世界是符合各國(guó)人民的利益和愿望的。
We are convinced that such a world is in line with interests and aspirations of the people of various country.
我愿借助聯(lián)合國(guó)的崇高講壇，把中國(guó)政府這一設(shè)想提出來(lái)，希望各國(guó)政治家在討論世界前途時(shí)，加以認(rèn)真考慮。
We would like to take advangtage of the august/dignified/stately/majestic forum of the United Nations to present the idea of Chinese government and hope/hoping that the statesmen of all countries will take it into （serious） consideration when exploring the future of the world.
lofty用于形容人的崇高，目標(biāo)、idea等，形容建筑物的高度，holy神圣的（帶有宗教色彩）
求同存異 seek common ground while preserving differences
奉行睦鄰友好政策 uphold （pursue） the good-neighbor （good-neighborly） policy
戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系 the strategic partnership
中國(guó)國(guó)際地位顯著提高 china's international standing has risen notably