二、英語習(xí)語的譯法
總的說來,英語習(xí)語的譯法大致可分為直譯、直譯加注法、套譯、意譯、直譯加意譯、意譯加注6種。
A. 直譯
直譯不僅能再現(xiàn)原文的意義和語言形式,還能保持其生動形象的比喻和新穎獨特的表達手法, 讓讀者體會原習(xí)語的風(fēng)采,同時豐富漢語表達形式。象"條條大路通羅馬"、"特洛伊木馬"等就是通過直譯進入漢語語言并成為漢語語言的一部分的。一般說來,英語習(xí)語如在形、義上與漢語習(xí)語全同或是基本相同的??刹捎弥弊g,原習(xí)語中的比喻或形象能為漢語讀者所接受的有時也可以采用直譯。例如:
to be armed to the teeth 武裝到牙齒(該典故出自從前南美的北海岸的海盜,他們除了兩手都持武器外,在牙齒間還要咬一把刀。)
Time is money. 時間就是金錢(比"一寸光陰一寸金"流行)
to shed crocodile tears 掉鱷魚眼淚 as cold as ice 冰冷
to trim the sail to the wind看風(fēng)使帆
Too many cooks spoil the broth. 廚子多了煮壞湯。
Blood is thicker than water. 血濃于水。
B. 直譯加注法
有些習(xí)語直譯后,仍不能把原意清楚準(zhǔn)確地表達出來, 就可采用直譯加注釋法。例如:
a bull in a china shop公牛闖進瓷器店──肆意搗亂
to shed crocodile tears流鱷魚眼淚──假慈悲
People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss.人們認(rèn)為他在那種場合所表演的不過是猶大之吻──居心險惡。
The favors of Government are like the box of Pandora, with this important difference; that they rarely leave hope at bottom. 政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子,后患無窮,主要不同之處是:盒底很少留有希望。
The best fish swim (are) near the bottom.好魚居水底——有價值的東西不能輕易得到。
Fish begins to stink at the end.魚要腐爛頭先爛——上梁不正下梁歪。
If two ride on a horse, one must ride behind.兩人騎一匹馬,總有一人坐在后面——兩人參加的事只能一人為主。
The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest.隔墻的蘋果最甜——這山看著那山高。
Don't forget to cross your t's.寫時不要忘記 t上面那一橫——一言一行都不要馬虎草率。
C.套譯
套譯就是借用漢語成語來翻譯。由于文化背景不同,原文的形象有時不符合中國習(xí)俗,如直譯出來寓意就會頗為費解,或原文的形象引起另一種聯(lián)想,從而影響到原文意思的準(zhǔn)確傳達,這時大多可以采用套譯。英漢習(xí)語形異義似時,有時可采用這種譯法。例如:
Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 寧為雞首,不為牛后。
Some prefer turnips and others pears.蘿卜白菜,各有所愛。(比譯為"有人喜歡蘿卜,有人喜歡梨"更能為中國讀者所理解和接受。 )
as lean as a rail 骨瘦如柴 (如 直譯為"瘦得像個橫桿",則不符合中國人習(xí)慣。)
clean hand 兩袖清風(fēng)
It was by no means a bed of rose. 這決不是安樂窩。
He cries wine and sells vinegar. 掛羊頭,賣狗肉。
as pale (or white) as ashes( or sheet or death) 面如土色
as red as rose 艷如桃李
as clear as daylight 洞若觀火
All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill. 有情人終成眷屬。
He robs Peter to pay Paul. 拆東墻補西墻。
Diamonds cut Diamonds. 棋逢對手,將遇良才。
Pay on the spot and borrow a lot; pay slow and you'll get no dough.好借好還,再借不難。
總的說來,英語習(xí)語的譯法大致可分為直譯、直譯加注法、套譯、意譯、直譯加意譯、意譯加注6種。
A. 直譯
直譯不僅能再現(xiàn)原文的意義和語言形式,還能保持其生動形象的比喻和新穎獨特的表達手法, 讓讀者體會原習(xí)語的風(fēng)采,同時豐富漢語表達形式。象"條條大路通羅馬"、"特洛伊木馬"等就是通過直譯進入漢語語言并成為漢語語言的一部分的。一般說來,英語習(xí)語如在形、義上與漢語習(xí)語全同或是基本相同的??刹捎弥弊g,原習(xí)語中的比喻或形象能為漢語讀者所接受的有時也可以采用直譯。例如:
to be armed to the teeth 武裝到牙齒(該典故出自從前南美的北海岸的海盜,他們除了兩手都持武器外,在牙齒間還要咬一把刀。)
Time is money. 時間就是金錢(比"一寸光陰一寸金"流行)
to shed crocodile tears 掉鱷魚眼淚 as cold as ice 冰冷
to trim the sail to the wind看風(fēng)使帆
Too many cooks spoil the broth. 廚子多了煮壞湯。
Blood is thicker than water. 血濃于水。
B. 直譯加注法
有些習(xí)語直譯后,仍不能把原意清楚準(zhǔn)確地表達出來, 就可采用直譯加注釋法。例如:
a bull in a china shop公牛闖進瓷器店──肆意搗亂
to shed crocodile tears流鱷魚眼淚──假慈悲
People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss.人們認(rèn)為他在那種場合所表演的不過是猶大之吻──居心險惡。
The favors of Government are like the box of Pandora, with this important difference; that they rarely leave hope at bottom. 政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子,后患無窮,主要不同之處是:盒底很少留有希望。
The best fish swim (are) near the bottom.好魚居水底——有價值的東西不能輕易得到。
Fish begins to stink at the end.魚要腐爛頭先爛——上梁不正下梁歪。
If two ride on a horse, one must ride behind.兩人騎一匹馬,總有一人坐在后面——兩人參加的事只能一人為主。
The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest.隔墻的蘋果最甜——這山看著那山高。
Don't forget to cross your t's.寫時不要忘記 t上面那一橫——一言一行都不要馬虎草率。
C.套譯
套譯就是借用漢語成語來翻譯。由于文化背景不同,原文的形象有時不符合中國習(xí)俗,如直譯出來寓意就會頗為費解,或原文的形象引起另一種聯(lián)想,從而影響到原文意思的準(zhǔn)確傳達,這時大多可以采用套譯。英漢習(xí)語形異義似時,有時可采用這種譯法。例如:
Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 寧為雞首,不為牛后。
Some prefer turnips and others pears.蘿卜白菜,各有所愛。(比譯為"有人喜歡蘿卜,有人喜歡梨"更能為中國讀者所理解和接受。 )
as lean as a rail 骨瘦如柴 (如 直譯為"瘦得像個橫桿",則不符合中國人習(xí)慣。)
clean hand 兩袖清風(fēng)
It was by no means a bed of rose. 這決不是安樂窩。
He cries wine and sells vinegar. 掛羊頭,賣狗肉。
as pale (or white) as ashes( or sheet or death) 面如土色
as red as rose 艷如桃李
as clear as daylight 洞若觀火
All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill. 有情人終成眷屬。
He robs Peter to pay Paul. 拆東墻補西墻。
Diamonds cut Diamonds. 棋逢對手,將遇良才。
Pay on the spot and borrow a lot; pay slow and you'll get no dough.好借好還,再借不難。