??所有代詞、部分副詞（如 here，then）和一些助動(dòng)詞都能起代替作用。本文將主要討論以下幾個(gè)常用的、需要注意其代替用法的詞。
??1．one ／ones
??（1）one ／ones既可指人又可指物
??a．兩者只能用來代替可數(shù)名詞。one用來代替可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)；ones用來代替可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。例
如：
??I don't like coloured envelopes．I like white ones．
??b．當(dāng)one前面有修飾語時(shí)，常在修飾詞前加a／ an。例如：
??My question is a difficult one．
??c．ones 前面一般都帶有修飾語。例如：
??Here are the small bags．The large ones are fifty yuan．
??d．one ／ones 后面經(jīng)常跟修飾語或定語從句。例如：
??Her life was one devoted to the education of students in remote areas．
??（2）one ／ones在句子中的省略用法
??a．如果one前面是形容詞的級，或者one前面有this、that或another等修飾語時(shí)，one常常被
省去。例如：
??Of allher questions，it is the most difficult（one）．
??b．如果ones前面有these或those做修飾語時(shí)，ones常常被省去。例如：
??These desks are for our class while those（ones）are for theirs．
??2．that／those
??（1）that用來代替前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞，并且后面常常跟有修飾 語；that相當(dāng)于the one，只能用來指物。例如：
??The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986．
??（2）those 用來代替前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，后面一般跟有修飾語；those相當(dāng)于the
ones，既可指人又可指物。例如：
??These machines are better than those we turned out last year．
??3．do ／do so
??（1）do、does 或 did 可以用來代替前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的動(dòng)詞或謂語。例如：
??Who broke her glasses？
??Her little son did（＝Her little son broke her glasses）．
? （2）do so可以用來代替前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的動(dòng)詞及其相關(guān)的后續(xù)成分。例如：
??He asked me to buy him a book and I did so．
??注意：當(dāng)do so中的do在句子中為doing時(shí)，常常用 so doing。例如：
??I wanted to go out for a walk in the park but my son prevented me from so doing．
??4．so
??（1）有時(shí)so在句子中用來代替主語補(bǔ)語或賓語補(bǔ)語。例如：
??Prices were reasonably stable，and probably remain so．（＝stable，主語補(bǔ)語）
If she is successful，it is her mother who made her so．（＝successful，賓語補(bǔ)語）
? （2）so可以用做諸如lessso，more so，so much so 等搭配。例如：
??The weather is cold in winter here-so much so（＝ cold）that we have to stay indoors
allday．
? （3）so常常用在某些動(dòng)詞后面以代替that所引導(dǎo)的肯定從句。例如：
??Do you think Mary will come to our party？I think so．
??注意：a．a(chǎn)sk 和 know 后面不能用so代替這種肯定從句。
??b．如果上面句子的回答是否定的，那么它的否定回答就應(yīng)該為：
??I think not（＝that Mary will not come to our party）．
??（4）在it appears 與 it seems 的句型中也可以用so代替that從句。例如：
??He must be our new English teacher．It seems so（＝that He is our new English
teacher）．
??注意：這里，也可以將so放在句首。即：So it appears 和 So it seems。
??a．主、謂語有時(shí)倒裝，有時(shí)不倒裝。例如：
??He can succeed in finishing the task on time．
??So think most of his friends．
??So most of his friends think．
??b．有時(shí)用 if so 來代替整個(gè)句子。例如：
??His girlfriend may be ill．
??If so，he will not go to cinema with me tonight．
??1．one ／ones
??（1）one ／ones既可指人又可指物
??a．兩者只能用來代替可數(shù)名詞。one用來代替可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)；ones用來代替可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。例
如：
??I don't like coloured envelopes．I like white ones．
??b．當(dāng)one前面有修飾語時(shí)，常在修飾詞前加a／ an。例如：
??My question is a difficult one．
??c．ones 前面一般都帶有修飾語。例如：
??Here are the small bags．The large ones are fifty yuan．
??d．one ／ones 后面經(jīng)常跟修飾語或定語從句。例如：
??Her life was one devoted to the education of students in remote areas．
??（2）one ／ones在句子中的省略用法
??a．如果one前面是形容詞的級，或者one前面有this、that或another等修飾語時(shí)，one常常被
省去。例如：
??Of allher questions，it is the most difficult（one）．
??b．如果ones前面有these或those做修飾語時(shí)，ones常常被省去。例如：
??These desks are for our class while those（ones）are for theirs．
??2．that／those
??（1）that用來代替前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞，并且后面常常跟有修飾 語；that相當(dāng)于the one，只能用來指物。例如：
??The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986．
??（2）those 用來代替前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，后面一般跟有修飾語；those相當(dāng)于the
ones，既可指人又可指物。例如：
??These machines are better than those we turned out last year．
??3．do ／do so
??（1）do、does 或 did 可以用來代替前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的動(dòng)詞或謂語。例如：
??Who broke her glasses？
??Her little son did（＝Her little son broke her glasses）．
? （2）do so可以用來代替前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的動(dòng)詞及其相關(guān)的后續(xù)成分。例如：
??He asked me to buy him a book and I did so．
??注意：當(dāng)do so中的do在句子中為doing時(shí)，常常用 so doing。例如：
??I wanted to go out for a walk in the park but my son prevented me from so doing．
??4．so
??（1）有時(shí)so在句子中用來代替主語補(bǔ)語或賓語補(bǔ)語。例如：
??Prices were reasonably stable，and probably remain so．（＝stable，主語補(bǔ)語）
If she is successful，it is her mother who made her so．（＝successful，賓語補(bǔ)語）
? （2）so可以用做諸如lessso，more so，so much so 等搭配。例如：
??The weather is cold in winter here-so much so（＝ cold）that we have to stay indoors
allday．
? （3）so常常用在某些動(dòng)詞后面以代替that所引導(dǎo)的肯定從句。例如：
??Do you think Mary will come to our party？I think so．
??注意：a．a(chǎn)sk 和 know 后面不能用so代替這種肯定從句。
??b．如果上面句子的回答是否定的，那么它的否定回答就應(yīng)該為：
??I think not（＝that Mary will not come to our party）．
??（4）在it appears 與 it seems 的句型中也可以用so代替that從句。例如：
??He must be our new English teacher．It seems so（＝that He is our new English
teacher）．
??注意：這里，也可以將so放在句首。即：So it appears 和 So it seems。
??a．主、謂語有時(shí)倒裝，有時(shí)不倒裝。例如：
??He can succeed in finishing the task on time．
??So think most of his friends．
??So most of his friends think．
??b．有時(shí)用 if so 來代替整個(gè)句子。例如：
??His girlfriend may be ill．
??If so，he will not go to cinema with me tonight．