??在英語的情態(tài)動詞中,只有can(及其否定形式 can't),could(及其形式couldn't),may,might,must可用來表示猜測。下面是這些表示猜測的情態(tài)動詞的用法及舉例:
??(一)can用來表示"可能"的猜測
??1.can可用來表示"理論上的可能性",用來表示事件或情況在理論上可能發(fā)生,并不牽涉到是否真的會發(fā)生。在這種用法中can只能與動詞原形連用。
??2.can可用來表示現(xiàn)實的可能性,但只能用在疑問句之中,可與動詞原形或不定式的完成式連用。
??2.1.Who can that be at the door?(門外會是誰?)
??2.2.Can it be Susan?(她會上哪兒去了呢?)
??(二)can't和couldn't表示"不可能"的猜測,在這種用法中can't和couldn't用法相同,只是couldn't的語氣更弱。下面以can't為例:
??1.對現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)的"不可能"的猜測:
??1.1.It can't be true.(這不可能是真的。)
??1.2.He can't be Mike's father.(他不可能是邁克的爸爸。)
??1.3.She can't be more than thirty.(她不可能超過三十歲。)
??2.對正在發(fā)生的動作或行為的"不可能"的猜測:(can't + be + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞)
??2.1.He can't be watching TV at home.I met him at school a moment ago.(他不可能在家看電視,我剛在學校見過他。)
??2.2.He can't be sleeping in his bedroom.I saw him go out.(他不可能在臥室睡覺,我看見
他出去了。)
??3.對過去的動作或行為的"不可能"的猜測:(can't + have + 動詞過去分詞)
??3.1.She can't have gone to school.It is Saturday.(她不可能上學去了,今天是星期六。)
??3.2.They can't have gone out because the light is on.(他們不可能已經(jīng)出去了,因為燈還開著。)
??(三)may和might常用來談論可能性:某事可能將發(fā)生,某事可能正在發(fā)生和某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生。might所表示的可能性要比may所表示的可能性弱一些,但用法相同,下面以may的用法舉例:
??1.may用來表示某事可能將發(fā)生:(may + 動詞原形)
??1.1.He may go climbing in the Alps next summer.(明年夏天他可能去阿爾卑斯山。)
??1.2.They may come to visit us this summer.(他們可能今年夏天來看望我們。)
??2.may用來表示對現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)可能性的猜測:(may + be + 其他成分)
??2.1.He may be engaged.(他可能很忙。)
??2.2.It may be a new species.(這可能是個新的品種。)
??2.3.I'm only afraid I may be bored.(我只害怕我可能會覺得無聊。)
??3.may用來表示某事可能正在發(fā)生:(may + be + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞)
??3.1.They may be sleeping because we can hear no sound in their room.(他們可能正在房間里睡覺,國為我們聽到任何聲音。)
??3.2.He may be doing his homework.Don't disturb him.(他可能正在做作業(yè),別打擾他。)
??4.may用來表示某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生:(may + have + 動詞的過去分詞)
??4.1.You may have read some account of the matter.(關(guān)于這件事你可能已經(jīng)聽過一些描述
了。)
??4.2.Mathews may have written that letter.(馬修斯可能已寫了那封信。)
??注:may和might表示"可能"時一般不用于疑問句。表達疑問時要用別的說法。例如:
??Is it likely to rain,do you think?(錯誤的句子是:May it rain?)
??表示否定時要用can't或couldn't("不可能")。
??(四)must用來表示"肯定"的猜測:
??1.must用來表示對現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)的"肯定"的猜測:
??1.1.Judging by the smell,the food must be good.(從氣味來判斷,這食物肯定很好吃。)
??1.2.It's a quarter past three.He must be in by now.(現(xiàn)在已是三點一刻了,他肯定已到家
了。)
??1.3.I'm always running into him,he must live neat here.(我總是遇見他,他肯定就住在附
近。)
??1.4.Mary must have some problem.She keeps crying.(瑪麗肯定有什么問題,她一直在哭。)
??2.對正在進行的動作的"肯定"的猜測:
??2.1.You must be joking.(你肯定在開玩笑。)
??2.2.If she is borrowing money,she must be getting into debt.(如果她在借錢,她肯定陷入
債務當中了。)
??2.3.His progress indicates that he must be working hard.(他的進步表明他正在努力。)
??3.對過去動作的"肯定"的猜測:
??3.1.He must have arrived by air.(他肯定已乘機到達了。)
??3.2.He must have received my letter.(他肯定已收到我的信了。)
??3.3.His watch must have stopped.I'll go and call him.(他的表肯定已停了,我去叫他。)
??(一)can用來表示"可能"的猜測
??1.can可用來表示"理論上的可能性",用來表示事件或情況在理論上可能發(fā)生,并不牽涉到是否真的會發(fā)生。在這種用法中can只能與動詞原形連用。
??2.can可用來表示現(xiàn)實的可能性,但只能用在疑問句之中,可與動詞原形或不定式的完成式連用。
??2.1.Who can that be at the door?(門外會是誰?)
??2.2.Can it be Susan?(她會上哪兒去了呢?)
??(二)can't和couldn't表示"不可能"的猜測,在這種用法中can't和couldn't用法相同,只是couldn't的語氣更弱。下面以can't為例:
??1.對現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)的"不可能"的猜測:
??1.1.It can't be true.(這不可能是真的。)
??1.2.He can't be Mike's father.(他不可能是邁克的爸爸。)
??1.3.She can't be more than thirty.(她不可能超過三十歲。)
??2.對正在發(fā)生的動作或行為的"不可能"的猜測:(can't + be + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞)
??2.1.He can't be watching TV at home.I met him at school a moment ago.(他不可能在家看電視,我剛在學校見過他。)
??2.2.He can't be sleeping in his bedroom.I saw him go out.(他不可能在臥室睡覺,我看見
他出去了。)
??3.對過去的動作或行為的"不可能"的猜測:(can't + have + 動詞過去分詞)
??3.1.She can't have gone to school.It is Saturday.(她不可能上學去了,今天是星期六。)
??3.2.They can't have gone out because the light is on.(他們不可能已經(jīng)出去了,因為燈還開著。)
??(三)may和might常用來談論可能性:某事可能將發(fā)生,某事可能正在發(fā)生和某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生。might所表示的可能性要比may所表示的可能性弱一些,但用法相同,下面以may的用法舉例:
??1.may用來表示某事可能將發(fā)生:(may + 動詞原形)
??1.1.He may go climbing in the Alps next summer.(明年夏天他可能去阿爾卑斯山。)
??1.2.They may come to visit us this summer.(他們可能今年夏天來看望我們。)
??2.may用來表示對現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)可能性的猜測:(may + be + 其他成分)
??2.1.He may be engaged.(他可能很忙。)
??2.2.It may be a new species.(這可能是個新的品種。)
??2.3.I'm only afraid I may be bored.(我只害怕我可能會覺得無聊。)
??3.may用來表示某事可能正在發(fā)生:(may + be + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞)
??3.1.They may be sleeping because we can hear no sound in their room.(他們可能正在房間里睡覺,國為我們聽到任何聲音。)
??3.2.He may be doing his homework.Don't disturb him.(他可能正在做作業(yè),別打擾他。)
??4.may用來表示某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生:(may + have + 動詞的過去分詞)
??4.1.You may have read some account of the matter.(關(guān)于這件事你可能已經(jīng)聽過一些描述
了。)
??4.2.Mathews may have written that letter.(馬修斯可能已寫了那封信。)
??注:may和might表示"可能"時一般不用于疑問句。表達疑問時要用別的說法。例如:
??Is it likely to rain,do you think?(錯誤的句子是:May it rain?)
??表示否定時要用can't或couldn't("不可能")。
??(四)must用來表示"肯定"的猜測:
??1.must用來表示對現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)的"肯定"的猜測:
??1.1.Judging by the smell,the food must be good.(從氣味來判斷,這食物肯定很好吃。)
??1.2.It's a quarter past three.He must be in by now.(現(xiàn)在已是三點一刻了,他肯定已到家
了。)
??1.3.I'm always running into him,he must live neat here.(我總是遇見他,他肯定就住在附
近。)
??1.4.Mary must have some problem.She keeps crying.(瑪麗肯定有什么問題,她一直在哭。)
??2.對正在進行的動作的"肯定"的猜測:
??2.1.You must be joking.(你肯定在開玩笑。)
??2.2.If she is borrowing money,she must be getting into debt.(如果她在借錢,她肯定陷入
債務當中了。)
??2.3.His progress indicates that he must be working hard.(他的進步表明他正在努力。)
??3.對過去動作的"肯定"的猜測:
??3.1.He must have arrived by air.(他肯定已乘機到達了。)
??3.2.He must have received my letter.(他肯定已收到我的信了。)
??3.3.His watch must have stopped.I'll go and call him.(他的表肯定已停了,我去叫他。)