四、大綱樣題(Sample Two)
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
［A］I just don't know how to motivate them to do a better job. We're in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we'll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It's hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn't-it's boring, routine paperwork, and there isn't much you can do about it.
［B］Finally, I can't say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it's not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.
［C］I've got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat, They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.
［D］"Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that's not fair-too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn't necessarily mean you'll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff."
［E］The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.
［F］So I just don't know What to do. I've been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.
［G］A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation-how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.
Order:
G→41→42→43→44→45→F
［試題分析］
樣題中共有七個(gè)段落，其中已給出篇首和篇尾段落。首先我們看一下已知段落。首段說的是整個(gè)文章的背景，一個(gè)大都市的市政廳舉行全市各部門管理、行政人員的研討會(huì)，其中有一個(gè)研討會(huì)的主題是如何發(fā)動(dòng)公務(wù)員做好工作。這個(gè)研討會(huì)上一個(gè)警察局警長(zhǎng)的難題成了討論的焦點(diǎn)。尾段是一個(gè)引語："所以我不知道該怎么辦。多年來我一直在黑暗中探索。我希望這次研討會(huì)能給我的難題帶來些啟發(fā)，能幫我應(yīng)對(duì)未來的工作。"然后我們?cè)倏匆幌缕溆嗟倪x項(xiàng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)都是引語，可以推斷，除第一段外剩下的部分都是警長(zhǎng)說的話。尾段似乎是一個(gè)結(jié)語，第一段是介紹背景，那么第二段應(yīng)該是話語的開端。接著，我們將選項(xiàng)，即其余的五段都通讀一遍。[A]大意是說警長(zhǎng)不知道采取什么樣的措施才能調(diào)動(dòng)起警員的積極性，因?yàn)槊媾R許多困難；[B]大意是為什么警長(zhǎng)說警員不能因?yàn)閳?bào)告寫得不好而得不到提升；[C]大意是警長(zhǎng)敘說起警員對(duì)實(shí)際工作的愛好；[D]是說將報(bào)告作為評(píng)判警員表現(xiàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不太合理，實(shí)施效果不明顯；[E]大意是講述警長(zhǎng)碰到的具體難題是什么。
那么我們首先來看第二段，已經(jīng)推斷出第二段是發(fā)言的開始，而由第一段可知是警長(zhǎng)講述難題，那么就需要在選項(xiàng)中辨別哪個(gè)關(guān)于這個(gè)問題發(fā)言的開始了。[C][E]都提到了problem這個(gè)詞，但[E]一開始就講警員回到警察局什么的，顯得很突兀；而[C]感覺像一個(gè)娓娓道來的故事，比較切合。
由第二段來推斷第三段，第二段第一句是說警長(zhǎng)的難題出在警員身上，而接下來講述了警員們喜歡自己的工作，這是正面的表現(xiàn)；可以推斷，真正問題應(yīng)該在后面，選項(xiàng)中[E]就是講的一個(gè)難題，而且開頭和上文連接自然，"一回到警局問題就來了"，正好形成一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折。
由第三段來推斷第四段，第三段最后一句是"寫得不好的報(bào)告給我們帶來的損失"。[A][B][D]中[A]是針對(duì)這種情況采取的措施,比較符合邏輯關(guān)系。
由第四段來推斷第五段，第四段是說采取的措施，剩下的選項(xiàng)中[B]是解釋無法實(shí)施解雇措施；[D]是說將撰寫報(bào)告作為警員表現(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沒有效果，可以看出，[B]和上段聯(lián)系更為緊密，說了措施后馬上就說出這種措施的不可實(shí)施的方面。
剩下的[D]選項(xiàng)就是第六段了，再看[D]和最后一段的銜接如何。最后一段是警長(zhǎng)向大家求助，而第六段是說措施無效。因?yàn)榇胧o效才會(huì)向別人求助，邏輯關(guān)系上成立。
考生在做這樣的題型時(shí)，如果沒有把握，可以多列出幾種可能的順序，然后根據(jù)這些順序重讀文章，看是否思路順暢。
［答案］41.C42.E43.A44.B45.D
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
［A］I just don't know how to motivate them to do a better job. We're in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we'll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It's hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn't-it's boring, routine paperwork, and there isn't much you can do about it.
［B］Finally, I can't say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it's not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.
［C］I've got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat, They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.
［D］"Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that's not fair-too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn't necessarily mean you'll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff."
［E］The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.
［F］So I just don't know What to do. I've been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.
［G］A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation-how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.
Order:
G→41→42→43→44→45→F
［試題分析］
樣題中共有七個(gè)段落，其中已給出篇首和篇尾段落。首先我們看一下已知段落。首段說的是整個(gè)文章的背景，一個(gè)大都市的市政廳舉行全市各部門管理、行政人員的研討會(huì)，其中有一個(gè)研討會(huì)的主題是如何發(fā)動(dòng)公務(wù)員做好工作。這個(gè)研討會(huì)上一個(gè)警察局警長(zhǎng)的難題成了討論的焦點(diǎn)。尾段是一個(gè)引語："所以我不知道該怎么辦。多年來我一直在黑暗中探索。我希望這次研討會(huì)能給我的難題帶來些啟發(fā)，能幫我應(yīng)對(duì)未來的工作。"然后我們?cè)倏匆幌缕溆嗟倪x項(xiàng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)都是引語，可以推斷，除第一段外剩下的部分都是警長(zhǎng)說的話。尾段似乎是一個(gè)結(jié)語，第一段是介紹背景，那么第二段應(yīng)該是話語的開端。接著，我們將選項(xiàng)，即其余的五段都通讀一遍。[A]大意是說警長(zhǎng)不知道采取什么樣的措施才能調(diào)動(dòng)起警員的積極性，因?yàn)槊媾R許多困難；[B]大意是為什么警長(zhǎng)說警員不能因?yàn)閳?bào)告寫得不好而得不到提升；[C]大意是警長(zhǎng)敘說起警員對(duì)實(shí)際工作的愛好；[D]是說將報(bào)告作為評(píng)判警員表現(xiàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不太合理，實(shí)施效果不明顯；[E]大意是講述警長(zhǎng)碰到的具體難題是什么。
那么我們首先來看第二段，已經(jīng)推斷出第二段是發(fā)言的開始，而由第一段可知是警長(zhǎng)講述難題，那么就需要在選項(xiàng)中辨別哪個(gè)關(guān)于這個(gè)問題發(fā)言的開始了。[C][E]都提到了problem這個(gè)詞，但[E]一開始就講警員回到警察局什么的，顯得很突兀；而[C]感覺像一個(gè)娓娓道來的故事，比較切合。
由第二段來推斷第三段，第二段第一句是說警長(zhǎng)的難題出在警員身上，而接下來講述了警員們喜歡自己的工作，這是正面的表現(xiàn)；可以推斷，真正問題應(yīng)該在后面，選項(xiàng)中[E]就是講的一個(gè)難題，而且開頭和上文連接自然，"一回到警局問題就來了"，正好形成一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折。
由第三段來推斷第四段，第三段最后一句是"寫得不好的報(bào)告給我們帶來的損失"。[A][B][D]中[A]是針對(duì)這種情況采取的措施,比較符合邏輯關(guān)系。
由第四段來推斷第五段，第四段是說采取的措施，剩下的選項(xiàng)中[B]是解釋無法實(shí)施解雇措施；[D]是說將撰寫報(bào)告作為警員表現(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沒有效果，可以看出，[B]和上段聯(lián)系更為緊密，說了措施后馬上就說出這種措施的不可實(shí)施的方面。
剩下的[D]選項(xiàng)就是第六段了，再看[D]和最后一段的銜接如何。最后一段是警長(zhǎng)向大家求助，而第六段是說措施無效。因?yàn)榇胧o效才會(huì)向別人求助，邏輯關(guān)系上成立。
考生在做這樣的題型時(shí)，如果沒有把握，可以多列出幾種可能的順序，然后根據(jù)這些順序重讀文章，看是否思路順暢。
［答案］41.C42.E43.A44.B45.D