Section II Use of English
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1 . As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 3 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 8 . It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance between generations much 16 .
It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed 20 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
1. [A] between [B] before[C] since[D] later
2. [A] after[B] by[C] during[D] until
3. [A] means[B] method[C] medium[D] measure
4. [A] process[B] company[C] light[D] form
5. [A] gathered[B] speeded[C] worked[D] picked
6. [A] on[B] out[C] over[D] off
7. [A] of[B] for[C] beyond[D] into
8. [A] concept[B] dimension[C] effect[D] perspective
9. [A] indeed[B] hence[C] however[D] therefore
10. [A] brought[B] followed[C] stimulated[D] characterized
11. [A] unless[B] since[C] lest[D] although
12. [A] apparent[B] desirable[C] negative[D] plausible
13. [A] institutional [B] universal[C] fundamental[D] instrumental
14. [A]ability[B] capability[C] capacity[D] faculty
15. [A] by means of[B] in terms of[C] with regard to [D] in line with
16. [A] deeper[B] fewer[C] nearer[D] smaller
17. [A] context[B] range[C] scope[D] territory
18. [A] regarded[B] impressed[C]influenced[D] effected
19. [A] competitive[B] controversial[C] distracting[D] irrational
20. [A] above[B] upon[C] against[D] with
本文主要講述通訊業(yè)的革命。人們常常把20世紀(jì)電視的發(fā)展與15、16世紀(jì)印刷術(shù)的普及作比較。15、16世紀(jì)印刷術(shù)的普及到20世紀(jì)電視的發(fā)展，從電報、電話到現(xiàn)代社會的電腦、集成電路，通信變革的速度越來越快，對人們生活的各方面也產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。下面我們來看一下各題答案：
1.答案：[A] between
此題屬于語法題。先項[A] between表示“在……之間”?？忌赡苁煜etween作介詞的用法，卻不了解其實它還可作為副詞，例如：We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon, and we have lunch between. 我們上午有四節(jié)課，下午有兩節(jié)課，期間我們進(jìn)午餐。本題主要考查副詞的用法。上文中提到了20世紀(jì)電視的發(fā)展及15、16世紀(jì)印刷術(shù)的傳播，下文則講到了這兩個時間之間民生的一些事情。因此，根據(jù)上下文的關(guān)系，應(yīng)選擇[A] between。選項[B] before表示“在……之前”，既可作介詞，也可作連詞，例如：Before the class, I went over the lesson. 又如：Before the discussion began, I had a cup of tea. 選項[C] since 表示“既然”，可作介詞、連詞，也可作副詞，例如：I haven’t written home since Christmas. 又如：I have been at his bedside since he became ill. 再如：Things have not changed very much since. 選項[D] later 表示“后來”例如：a week later. 這三個選項都不符合題意。
全句可譯為：然而，在20世紀(jì)與15、16世紀(jì)之間發(fā)生了很多事情。
2.答案：[D] until
此題屬于詞語搭配題。讀完此句，考生可以發(fā)現(xiàn)本句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是it was not until...that...，這是固定搭配，not until用于強(qiáng)調(diào)，例如：It was not until you told me that I knew he was the famous singer. 故選[D] until.其余選項：[A] after, [B] by和[C] during都與本題的語意不符。
3.答案：[C] medium
此題屬于語意搭配題。選項[C] medium表示“媒體”。根據(jù)考生的常識不難判斷本句中的主語newspaper應(yīng)該屬于medium(媒體)的一種。選項[A] means 意為“方法，手段”；選項[B]method意為“方法”；選項[D] measure意為“措施”。
4.答案：[B] company
此題屬于語意搭配題。上文中的in the wake of the pamphlet and the book意為“伴隨首小冊子和書籍的出現(xiàn)”，據(jù)此可以判斷與此相對應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是in the company of the periodical(伴隨著期刊的興起)。所以[B]是正確答案。選項[B]是正確答案。選項[B]：in the company of意為“在……的陪同下，伴隨著”，例如：I traveled Egypt in the company of two teachers.(我在兩個老師陪同下游覽了埃及。)選項[A]：in the process意為“在進(jìn)行中”，例如：The new library is in the process of being decorated.新圖書館正在進(jìn)行裝修。選項[D]： in the light of意為“鑒于，依據(jù)……看來”，例如：In the light of the accident, we have put off the meeting till next week. (鑒于這次事故，我們已經(jīng)把會議推遲到下個星期。)選項[D]：in the form of意為“以……的形狀”，例如：Te cookies were in the form of stars.(那些餅干的形狀都像星星。)
全句可譯為：直到19世紀(jì)，伴隨著小冊子、書籍和期刊的興起，報紙成為前電子時代的主要媒體。
5.答案：[B] speed
此題屬于詞語搭配題。本題主要考查動詞短語的含義，這是考查的一個重點(diǎn)。選項[B]：speed (up)意為“加速”，例如：The train gradually speeded up.(火車逐漸加速了。)不難看出本句的含義是“在15世紀(jì)到20世紀(jì)之間，從火車、電報、電話到汽車、飛機(jī)、交通，通信業(yè)的變革速度越來越快”，故選[B]。選項[A]：gather (up)意為“收集”，例如：gather up one’s papers; 選項[C]：work (up)意為“逐步發(fā)展”，例如：work up to a climax(漸至高潮)；選項[D]：pick (up)意為“撿起，學(xué)會”，例如：pick up a few words.
6.答案：[A] on
此題屬于詞語搭配題。選項[A] on可表示“持續(xù)地”，例如：He coughed on the whole night. lead on則表示“帶頭，走在前面”，例如：If you lead on, we will follow behind.原句很長，考生可通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)來理解其含義。我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)主語是communications revolution，而beginning與leading兩個分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，因此所填的空格要與leading這個關(guān)鍵詞有關(guān)。因此[A]符合題意，是正確答案。選項[D]off跟在lead之后表示“開始”，例如：She led off with a song.(她以唱歌開始。)其他的選項[B]out和[C]over都不能與lead搭配。
7.答案：[D] into
此題屬于語法題。選項[D]into意為“進(jìn)入”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動態(tài)，例如：work far into the night。上文中有through the telegraph...，下文是the 20th century world, 說明革命一直持續(xù)直到進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)，故選[D]。選項[A]of可表示所有、所屬關(guān)系，例如：the legs of a chair。選項[B]for意為“為了”，例如：Do more exercise for the good of your health. 選項[C] beyond意為“超越”，例如：The town has changed beyond my recognition.
全句可譯為：正是在這段時間之內(nèi)，從火車的發(fā)明到電報、電話、收音機(jī)、電影的發(fā)明，再到20世紀(jì)汽車和飛機(jī)的發(fā)明，交通和通訊技術(shù)的革命一直占據(jù)的地位。
8.答案：[D] perspective
此題屬于語意搭配題。本題考查的是介詞與名詞的語意搭配。選項[D]perspective意為“透視圖，看法”； in perspective意為“正確地，適當(dāng)?shù)亍保纾簂ook at things in perspective(正確地觀察事物)。[D] 符合題意，是正確答案。選項[A]concept意為“概念”，例如：a concept of space; 選項[B]dimension意為“尺度，維度”，例如：The dimension of the window is 150cm long by 120cm wide. 選項[C]effect意為“效果”；in effect意為“實際上”，相當(dāng)于in fact, 例如：In effect the government has lowered the taxes for the rich and raised them for the poor.(實際上政府已經(jīng)降低了富人們的稅收而提高了窮人們的稅收。)此題表明考生應(yīng)多注意介詞與名詞的搭配詞語。
全句可譯為：并不是每個人都能正確觀察到這個變革的過程。
9.答案：[C] however
此題屬于語篇連接題。選項[C]however意為“然而”，插入句中，前后要用逗號隔開，例如：Certainly he apologized. However, I won’t forgive him. 本題所在的句子很長，又出現(xiàn)了四個空格，這就需要考生同時考慮分析句子的語法關(guān)系和關(guān)鍵詞語的搭配。上文說到“觀察過程本身是很重要的”；本句中又提到“20世紀(jì)初電腦的引進(jìn)……徹底地改變了這個過程”。那么，可以判斷上下文應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，所以選[C]。選項[A]indeed意為“確實，果然”，例如：I am indeed glad to hear the news. 選項[B] hence意為“所以”，它后面的動詞往往省略，例如：Her mother is a singer, hence her love for music. 該選項也可作副詞，意為“今后，從此”，例如：What will the world have become a hundred years hence? 選項[D]therefore意為“所以”，例如：We don’t have enough money and therefore we have to give up the plan.
10.答案：[B]followed
此題屬于語意搭配題。上文提到20世紀(jì)初電腦的發(fā)明，接著就是60年代集成電路的發(fā)明，后者應(yīng)跟隨在前者之后，所以正確的答案是[B]followed。 選項[A]brought意為“帶來”；選項[C]stimulated意為“刺激，激勵”，例如：The desire to become a successful businessman stimulated him to work hard.選項[D] characterized意為“以……為特征”，例如：An elephant is characterized by a long trunk.(大象的特征是鼻子長。)
11.答案：[D]although
此題屬于語篇連接題。選項[D]although可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。原文從句中出現(xiàn)的速寫詞not可以看做是提示線索的標(biāo)志詞，因此從上下文邏輯關(guān)系來判斷，[D]是正確答案。選項[A]unless意為“除非”(if...not)，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，例如：I won’t go to see the film unless I finish my work. 選項[B]since意為“自從;既然”。選項[C]lest意為“惟恐，以防萬一”，例如：She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up the child.
12.答案：[A]apparent
此題屬于語意搭配題。選項[A]apparent意為“表面的，明顯的”，例如：with apparent indifference(表面上裝作漠不關(guān)心)；又如：His grief is apparent to me. 選項[B]desirable意為“值得要的，令人滿意的”。例如：a desirable job，該選項可用于It is desirable for sb. to do sth. 或It is desirable that...的句型中，例如：It is desirable for you to be present.(希望你能出席。)選項[C]negative意為“否定的，消極的”，例如：a negative response。選項[D]plausible意為“似是而非的”，例如：His explanation sounds fairly plausible to me. 本題考的是形容詞語意的辨析，讀懂整個句子后可發(fā)現(xiàn)[A]是佳答案。
全句可譯為：盡管一時之間，集成電路對媒體的影響不是很明顯。然而，20世紀(jì)初發(fā)明了電腦，60年代發(fā)明了集成電路。人們開始普遍意識到這些徹底改變了這個變革的過程。
13.答案：[B]universal
此題屬于語意搭配題。選項[B]universal意為“普遍的，通用的”，例如：a universal truth。本題中需要填入一個與上文中的personal相對應(yīng)的形容詞，所以首先要了解personal的含義：“個人的，個性化的”。因此[B ]符合題意。選項[A]institutional意為“制度的，規(guī)格化的”；選項[C]fundamental意為“基本的，重要的”，例如：fundamental human rights; 選項[D]instrumental意為“儀器的，器械的”。
14.答案：[C]capacity
此題屬于詞語搭配題。選項[C]capacity意為“容量”，例如：The concert hall has a seating capacity of 1000.可與storage搭配，意為“(電腦儲存)容量”，因此[C]是正確答案。另外，該選項也可意為“能力，理解力”，例如：This book is beyond young children’s capacity. (這本書超過了小孩子的理解范圍。)選項[A]ability意為“能力，資格”，例如：the capability for the job。選項[D]faculty意為“能力”，后面常跟介詞for或of ,例如：the faculty of reason；該選項還意為“(大學(xué)的)院系，全體(大學(xué))教員”，例如：the faculty of law(法學(xué)院)。不過這三個選項都不能與storage搭配。
全句可譯為：隨著時間的推移，電腦越來越小，功能越來越強(qiáng)，顯示速度越來越快，儲存容量越來越大，而且變得越來越個性化了。
15.答案：[B] in terms of
此題屬于語意搭配題。本題考查的是介詞短語的習(xí)慣用法。選項[B]in terms of意為“按照，在……方面”，例如：A 200-year-old building is very old in terms of American history.(從美國歷史來看，一棟有著200年歷史的房子是很古老的。)根據(jù)題意，人們認(rèn)為電腦與人一樣，是一代一代的，故選[B]。選項[A]by means of,意為“通過……方法”，例如：He can express his thoughts by means of music.(他借音樂來表達(dá)思想。)選項[C]with regard to意為“關(guān)于”，例如：He wants to speak to you with regard to your financial situation.(他想就你的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況和你談一下。)選項[D]in line with意為“與……一致”，如：His idea is not in line with mine.(他的想法與我的不一致)。
16.答案：[D]smaller
此題屬于語意搭配題。本題是以獨(dú)立主格的形式出現(xiàn)，其邏輯主語是distance, 可指空間的距離或時間的間隔，能與它相搭配的只有選項[D]smaller。注意：選項[C]nearer本身就表示距離或時間的接近，所以不能修飾distance。但是我們可以說The distance is long/short。因此考生在做題時要排除漢語思維方式對英語的干擾。選項[A]deeper和選項[B]fewer都與本題題意不符。
17.答案：[A]context
此題屬于語意搭配題。選項[A] context意為“上下文”，也可意為“背景，環(huán)境”(=situation),例如：I think we need to look at these events in contest. 原句又是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，所填空格的后面是一個定語從句，意為“我們所生活的……”，而與空格相對應(yīng)的是information society(信息社會)，可以判定空格的意思應(yīng)與society相近，故[A]是正確答案。選項[B]range意為“(氣溫、價格等浮動的)幅度”，例如：the range of the price。選項[D]territory意為“領(lǐng)土”。本題說明考生不僅要注意單詞的第一意思，即基本意思，還應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對單詞引申義的理解。
全句可譯為：正是在電腦時代，“信息社會”這一說法才開始廣泛地用于描述我們所生活的這個環(huán)境。
18.答案：[C]influenced
此題屬于語意搭配題。選項[C]influenced意為“影響”，例如：The weather in summer influenced the rice crops. 本題所填的詞應(yīng)與下文中的implications相對應(yīng)；implications以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)時，表示possible effects or results(可能導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果、關(guān)系)。換句話說，就是影響，所以[C]influenced是正確答案。選項[A]regarded意為“看做，考慮”，常與as連用，例如：I regarded him as my father. 選項[B]impressed意為“給(某人)留下印象”，后面往往加sb.作賓語，例如：His behavior impressed me deeply.選項[D]effected作動詞時意為“使……產(chǎn)生，改變”，例如：His opinion effected the plan.(他的意見改變了計劃。)
19.答案：[B]controversial
此題屬于語意搭配題。選項[B]controversial意為“有爭議的”。下文中提到了通信革命帶來的benefits(利)和“harmful”outcomes(弊)，可見對于它在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治等方面所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，人們還是有爭議的，因此[B]是正確答案。選項[A]competitive意為“競爭的”，例如：a competitive society;選項[C]distracting意為“干擾的”，例如：the distracting noise; 選項[D]irrational意為“非理性的”。
全句可譯為：在我們這個時代，在我們這個社會中，通信革命已經(jīng)影響到了我們的工作、生活、思維和感覺；但是對于它在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、社會和文化方面所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，人們還有爭議。
20.答案：[C]against
此題屬于詞語搭配題。選項[C]：against與weigh連用，意為“權(quán)衡(利弊)”，例如：He weighed the advantages of changing his job against the disadvantages.(他對所換工作的利弊加以權(quán)衡比較。)根據(jù)上文“通信革命帶來的結(jié)果還有爭議”，可推斷出本句的含義是：我們必須仔細(xì)權(quán)衡它所造成的利與弊。故選[C]。選項[A]：weigh above,不存在此搭配。選項[B]：weigh upon意為“成為負(fù)擔(dān)”，例如：He’s under huge pressure at work and it’s really weighing on him.(他的工作壓力太大，已成為他的負(fù)擔(dān)。)選項[D]：weigh with sb.意為“對……很重要”，例如：Access to the railway station weighed heavily with us.(對我們來說，能到火車站是很重要的。)
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1 . As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 3 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 8 . It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance between generations much 16 .
It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed 20 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
1. [A] between [B] before[C] since[D] later
2. [A] after[B] by[C] during[D] until
3. [A] means[B] method[C] medium[D] measure
4. [A] process[B] company[C] light[D] form
5. [A] gathered[B] speeded[C] worked[D] picked
6. [A] on[B] out[C] over[D] off
7. [A] of[B] for[C] beyond[D] into
8. [A] concept[B] dimension[C] effect[D] perspective
9. [A] indeed[B] hence[C] however[D] therefore
10. [A] brought[B] followed[C] stimulated[D] characterized
11. [A] unless[B] since[C] lest[D] although
12. [A] apparent[B] desirable[C] negative[D] plausible
13. [A] institutional [B] universal[C] fundamental[D] instrumental
14. [A]ability[B] capability[C] capacity[D] faculty
15. [A] by means of[B] in terms of[C] with regard to [D] in line with
16. [A] deeper[B] fewer[C] nearer[D] smaller
17. [A] context[B] range[C] scope[D] territory
18. [A] regarded[B] impressed[C]influenced[D] effected
19. [A] competitive[B] controversial[C] distracting[D] irrational
20. [A] above[B] upon[C] against[D] with
本文主要講述通訊業(yè)的革命。人們常常把20世紀(jì)電視的發(fā)展與15、16世紀(jì)印刷術(shù)的普及作比較。15、16世紀(jì)印刷術(shù)的普及到20世紀(jì)電視的發(fā)展，從電報、電話到現(xiàn)代社會的電腦、集成電路，通信變革的速度越來越快，對人們生活的各方面也產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。下面我們來看一下各題答案：
1.答案：[A] between
此題屬于語法題。先項[A] between表示“在……之間”?？忌赡苁煜etween作介詞的用法，卻不了解其實它還可作為副詞，例如：We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon, and we have lunch between. 我們上午有四節(jié)課，下午有兩節(jié)課，期間我們進(jìn)午餐。本題主要考查副詞的用法。上文中提到了20世紀(jì)電視的發(fā)展及15、16世紀(jì)印刷術(shù)的傳播，下文則講到了這兩個時間之間民生的一些事情。因此，根據(jù)上下文的關(guān)系，應(yīng)選擇[A] between。選項[B] before表示“在……之前”，既可作介詞，也可作連詞，例如：Before the class, I went over the lesson. 又如：Before the discussion began, I had a cup of tea. 選項[C] since 表示“既然”，可作介詞、連詞，也可作副詞，例如：I haven’t written home since Christmas. 又如：I have been at his bedside since he became ill. 再如：Things have not changed very much since. 選項[D] later 表示“后來”例如：a week later. 這三個選項都不符合題意。
全句可譯為：然而，在20世紀(jì)與15、16世紀(jì)之間發(fā)生了很多事情。
2.答案：[D] until
此題屬于詞語搭配題。讀完此句，考生可以發(fā)現(xiàn)本句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是it was not until...that...，這是固定搭配，not until用于強(qiáng)調(diào)，例如：It was not until you told me that I knew he was the famous singer. 故選[D] until.其余選項：[A] after, [B] by和[C] during都與本題的語意不符。
3.答案：[C] medium
此題屬于語意搭配題。選項[C] medium表示“媒體”。根據(jù)考生的常識不難判斷本句中的主語newspaper應(yīng)該屬于medium(媒體)的一種。選項[A] means 意為“方法，手段”；選項[B]method意為“方法”；選項[D] measure意為“措施”。
4.答案：[B] company
此題屬于語意搭配題。上文中的in the wake of the pamphlet and the book意為“伴隨首小冊子和書籍的出現(xiàn)”，據(jù)此可以判斷與此相對應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是in the company of the periodical(伴隨著期刊的興起)。所以[B]是正確答案。選項[B]是正確答案。選項[B]：in the company of意為“在……的陪同下，伴隨著”，例如：I traveled Egypt in the company of two teachers.(我在兩個老師陪同下游覽了埃及。)選項[A]：in the process意為“在進(jìn)行中”，例如：The new library is in the process of being decorated.新圖書館正在進(jìn)行裝修。選項[D]： in the light of意為“鑒于，依據(jù)……看來”，例如：In the light of the accident, we have put off the meeting till next week. (鑒于這次事故，我們已經(jīng)把會議推遲到下個星期。)選項[D]：in the form of意為“以……的形狀”，例如：Te cookies were in the form of stars.(那些餅干的形狀都像星星。)
全句可譯為：直到19世紀(jì)，伴隨著小冊子、書籍和期刊的興起，報紙成為前電子時代的主要媒體。
5.答案：[B] speed
此題屬于詞語搭配題。本題主要考查動詞短語的含義，這是考查的一個重點(diǎn)。選項[B]：speed (up)意為“加速”，例如：The train gradually speeded up.(火車逐漸加速了。)不難看出本句的含義是“在15世紀(jì)到20世紀(jì)之間，從火車、電報、電話到汽車、飛機(jī)、交通，通信業(yè)的變革速度越來越快”，故選[B]。選項[A]：gather (up)意為“收集”，例如：gather up one’s papers; 選項[C]：work (up)意為“逐步發(fā)展”，例如：work up to a climax(漸至高潮)；選項[D]：pick (up)意為“撿起，學(xué)會”，例如：pick up a few words.
6.答案：[A] on
此題屬于詞語搭配題。選項[A] on可表示“持續(xù)地”，例如：He coughed on the whole night. lead on則表示“帶頭，走在前面”，例如：If you lead on, we will follow behind.原句很長，考生可通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)來理解其含義。我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)主語是communications revolution，而beginning與leading兩個分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，因此所填的空格要與leading這個關(guān)鍵詞有關(guān)。因此[A]符合題意，是正確答案。選項[D]off跟在lead之后表示“開始”，例如：She led off with a song.(她以唱歌開始。)其他的選項[B]out和[C]over都不能與lead搭配。
7.答案：[D] into
此題屬于語法題。選項[D]into意為“進(jìn)入”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動態(tài)，例如：work far into the night。上文中有through the telegraph...，下文是the 20th century world, 說明革命一直持續(xù)直到進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)，故選[D]。選項[A]of可表示所有、所屬關(guān)系，例如：the legs of a chair。選項[B]for意為“為了”，例如：Do more exercise for the good of your health. 選項[C] beyond意為“超越”，例如：The town has changed beyond my recognition.
全句可譯為：正是在這段時間之內(nèi)，從火車的發(fā)明到電報、電話、收音機(jī)、電影的發(fā)明，再到20世紀(jì)汽車和飛機(jī)的發(fā)明，交通和通訊技術(shù)的革命一直占據(jù)的地位。
8.答案：[D] perspective
此題屬于語意搭配題。本題考查的是介詞與名詞的語意搭配。選項[D]perspective意為“透視圖，看法”； in perspective意為“正確地，適當(dāng)?shù)亍保纾簂ook at things in perspective(正確地觀察事物)。[D] 符合題意，是正確答案。選項[A]concept意為“概念”，例如：a concept of space; 選項[B]dimension意為“尺度，維度”，例如：The dimension of the window is 150cm long by 120cm wide. 選項[C]effect意為“效果”；in effect意為“實際上”，相當(dāng)于in fact, 例如：In effect the government has lowered the taxes for the rich and raised them for the poor.(實際上政府已經(jīng)降低了富人們的稅收而提高了窮人們的稅收。)此題表明考生應(yīng)多注意介詞與名詞的搭配詞語。
全句可譯為：并不是每個人都能正確觀察到這個變革的過程。
9.答案：[C] however
此題屬于語篇連接題。選項[C]however意為“然而”，插入句中，前后要用逗號隔開，例如：Certainly he apologized. However, I won’t forgive him. 本題所在的句子很長，又出現(xiàn)了四個空格，這就需要考生同時考慮分析句子的語法關(guān)系和關(guān)鍵詞語的搭配。上文說到“觀察過程本身是很重要的”；本句中又提到“20世紀(jì)初電腦的引進(jìn)……徹底地改變了這個過程”。那么，可以判斷上下文應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，所以選[C]。選項[A]indeed意為“確實，果然”，例如：I am indeed glad to hear the news. 選項[B] hence意為“所以”，它后面的動詞往往省略，例如：Her mother is a singer, hence her love for music. 該選項也可作副詞，意為“今后，從此”，例如：What will the world have become a hundred years hence? 選項[D]therefore意為“所以”，例如：We don’t have enough money and therefore we have to give up the plan.
10.答案：[B]followed
此題屬于語意搭配題。上文提到20世紀(jì)初電腦的發(fā)明，接著就是60年代集成電路的發(fā)明，后者應(yīng)跟隨在前者之后，所以正確的答案是[B]followed。 選項[A]brought意為“帶來”；選項[C]stimulated意為“刺激，激勵”，例如：The desire to become a successful businessman stimulated him to work hard.選項[D] characterized意為“以……為特征”，例如：An elephant is characterized by a long trunk.(大象的特征是鼻子長。)
11.答案：[D]although
此題屬于語篇連接題。選項[D]although可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。原文從句中出現(xiàn)的速寫詞not可以看做是提示線索的標(biāo)志詞，因此從上下文邏輯關(guān)系來判斷，[D]是正確答案。選項[A]unless意為“除非”(if...not)，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，例如：I won’t go to see the film unless I finish my work. 選項[B]since意為“自從;既然”。選項[C]lest意為“惟恐，以防萬一”，例如：She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up the child.
12.答案：[A]apparent
此題屬于語意搭配題。選項[A]apparent意為“表面的，明顯的”，例如：with apparent indifference(表面上裝作漠不關(guān)心)；又如：His grief is apparent to me. 選項[B]desirable意為“值得要的，令人滿意的”。例如：a desirable job，該選項可用于It is desirable for sb. to do sth. 或It is desirable that...的句型中，例如：It is desirable for you to be present.(希望你能出席。)選項[C]negative意為“否定的，消極的”，例如：a negative response。選項[D]plausible意為“似是而非的”，例如：His explanation sounds fairly plausible to me. 本題考的是形容詞語意的辨析，讀懂整個句子后可發(fā)現(xiàn)[A]是佳答案。
全句可譯為：盡管一時之間，集成電路對媒體的影響不是很明顯。然而，20世紀(jì)初發(fā)明了電腦，60年代發(fā)明了集成電路。人們開始普遍意識到這些徹底改變了這個變革的過程。
13.答案：[B]universal
此題屬于語意搭配題。選項[B]universal意為“普遍的，通用的”，例如：a universal truth。本題中需要填入一個與上文中的personal相對應(yīng)的形容詞，所以首先要了解personal的含義：“個人的，個性化的”。因此[B ]符合題意。選項[A]institutional意為“制度的，規(guī)格化的”；選項[C]fundamental意為“基本的，重要的”，例如：fundamental human rights; 選項[D]instrumental意為“儀器的，器械的”。
14.答案：[C]capacity
此題屬于詞語搭配題。選項[C]capacity意為“容量”，例如：The concert hall has a seating capacity of 1000.可與storage搭配，意為“(電腦儲存)容量”，因此[C]是正確答案。另外，該選項也可意為“能力，理解力”，例如：This book is beyond young children’s capacity. (這本書超過了小孩子的理解范圍。)選項[A]ability意為“能力，資格”，例如：the capability for the job。選項[D]faculty意為“能力”，后面常跟介詞for或of ,例如：the faculty of reason；該選項還意為“(大學(xué)的)院系，全體(大學(xué))教員”，例如：the faculty of law(法學(xué)院)。不過這三個選項都不能與storage搭配。
全句可譯為：隨著時間的推移，電腦越來越小，功能越來越強(qiáng)，顯示速度越來越快，儲存容量越來越大，而且變得越來越個性化了。
15.答案：[B] in terms of
此題屬于語意搭配題。本題考查的是介詞短語的習(xí)慣用法。選項[B]in terms of意為“按照，在……方面”，例如：A 200-year-old building is very old in terms of American history.(從美國歷史來看，一棟有著200年歷史的房子是很古老的。)根據(jù)題意，人們認(rèn)為電腦與人一樣，是一代一代的，故選[B]。選項[A]by means of,意為“通過……方法”，例如：He can express his thoughts by means of music.(他借音樂來表達(dá)思想。)選項[C]with regard to意為“關(guān)于”，例如：He wants to speak to you with regard to your financial situation.(他想就你的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況和你談一下。)選項[D]in line with意為“與……一致”，如：His idea is not in line with mine.(他的想法與我的不一致)。
16.答案：[D]smaller
此題屬于語意搭配題。本題是以獨(dú)立主格的形式出現(xiàn)，其邏輯主語是distance, 可指空間的距離或時間的間隔，能與它相搭配的只有選項[D]smaller。注意：選項[C]nearer本身就表示距離或時間的接近，所以不能修飾distance。但是我們可以說The distance is long/short。因此考生在做題時要排除漢語思維方式對英語的干擾。選項[A]deeper和選項[B]fewer都與本題題意不符。
17.答案：[A]context
此題屬于語意搭配題。選項[A] context意為“上下文”，也可意為“背景，環(huán)境”(=situation),例如：I think we need to look at these events in contest. 原句又是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，所填空格的后面是一個定語從句，意為“我們所生活的……”，而與空格相對應(yīng)的是information society(信息社會)，可以判定空格的意思應(yīng)與society相近，故[A]是正確答案。選項[B]range意為“(氣溫、價格等浮動的)幅度”，例如：the range of the price。選項[D]territory意為“領(lǐng)土”。本題說明考生不僅要注意單詞的第一意思，即基本意思，還應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對單詞引申義的理解。
全句可譯為：正是在電腦時代，“信息社會”這一說法才開始廣泛地用于描述我們所生活的這個環(huán)境。
18.答案：[C]influenced
此題屬于語意搭配題。選項[C]influenced意為“影響”，例如：The weather in summer influenced the rice crops. 本題所填的詞應(yīng)與下文中的implications相對應(yīng)；implications以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)時，表示possible effects or results(可能導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果、關(guān)系)。換句話說，就是影響，所以[C]influenced是正確答案。選項[A]regarded意為“看做，考慮”，常與as連用，例如：I regarded him as my father. 選項[B]impressed意為“給(某人)留下印象”，后面往往加sb.作賓語，例如：His behavior impressed me deeply.選項[D]effected作動詞時意為“使……產(chǎn)生，改變”，例如：His opinion effected the plan.(他的意見改變了計劃。)
19.答案：[B]controversial
此題屬于語意搭配題。選項[B]controversial意為“有爭議的”。下文中提到了通信革命帶來的benefits(利)和“harmful”outcomes(弊)，可見對于它在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治等方面所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，人們還是有爭議的，因此[B]是正確答案。選項[A]competitive意為“競爭的”，例如：a competitive society;選項[C]distracting意為“干擾的”，例如：the distracting noise; 選項[D]irrational意為“非理性的”。
全句可譯為：在我們這個時代，在我們這個社會中，通信革命已經(jīng)影響到了我們的工作、生活、思維和感覺；但是對于它在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、社會和文化方面所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，人們還有爭議。
20.答案：[C]against
此題屬于詞語搭配題。選項[C]：against與weigh連用，意為“權(quán)衡(利弊)”，例如：He weighed the advantages of changing his job against the disadvantages.(他對所換工作的利弊加以權(quán)衡比較。)根據(jù)上文“通信革命帶來的結(jié)果還有爭議”，可推斷出本句的含義是：我們必須仔細(xì)權(quán)衡它所造成的利與弊。故選[C]。選項[A]：weigh above,不存在此搭配。選項[B]：weigh upon意為“成為負(fù)擔(dān)”，例如：He’s under huge pressure at work and it’s really weighing on him.(他的工作壓力太大，已成為他的負(fù)擔(dān)。)選項[D]：weigh with sb.意為“對……很重要”，例如：Access to the railway station weighed heavily with us.(對我們來說，能到火車站是很重要的。)