ed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this．
Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more．
For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems．Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning．
KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours．In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed．As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed．“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake．”he said．
1. Paragraph 2 ___.
2. Paragraph 4___.
3. Paragraph 5___.
4. Paragraph 6___.
A. Keprike’s research tool
B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep
C. Criticism on Kripke’s report
D. A way of overcoming insomnia
E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers
F. Classification of sleep problems
5．To get a good night’s rest，people may not need to ___.
6．Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to___.
7． One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to___.
8. One survey showed that people who habitually ___each night have a higher risk of dying．
A fall asleep again ．
B become more energetic the following day
C sleep less than 7 hours
D confirm those serious consequences
E suffer sleep problems
F sleep more than 8 hours
第四部分：閱讀理解（每題3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第1篇
Some things we know about language
Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain SO．But some
things we do know．
First，we know that all human beings have a language of some sort．There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language，no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother．Furthermore，in historical times，there has never been a race of men without a language．
Second，there is no such thing as a primitive language．There are many people whose
cultures are undeveloped，who are，as we say，uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive．In all known 1anguages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing．
This has not always been well understood；indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated．Popular ideas of the 1anguage of the American Indians will illustrate．Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises．Study has proved this to be nonsense．There are，or were，hundreds of American Indian languages，and a11 of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with，but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek．
A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate．That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language．
Finally, we know that language changes．It is natural and normal for language to change；
the only languages which do not change are the dead ones．This is easy to understand if we look backward in time．Change goes on in all aspects of language．Grammatical features change as do speech sounds，and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly．Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language．
詞匯：
race／n．種族
primitive／adj．原始的
uncivilized／adj．不開化的，落后的
complexity／n．復(fù)雜性，復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象
nonsense／n．胡說，沒有根據(jù)的話
extensive／adj．廣泛的
vocabulary／n．詞匯
練習(xí)：
1． In the second paragraph the author thinks that
A)some backward race doesn’t have a language of its own．
B)some race in history didn’t possess a language of its own．
C)any human race，whether backward or not，has a language．
D)some races on earth call communicate without language．
2． According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have___ languages.
A)complicated
B)uncivilized
C)primitive
D)well—known
3．The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are
A)just as old as some well-known languages．
B)just as sophisticated as some well-known languages．
C)more developed than some well-known languages．
D)more complex than some well-known languages．
4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A)A language is a means of expressing a particular culture．
B)All languages can well express their respective cultures．
C)American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English．
D)Some languages are better than other languages．
5． According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in
A)grammar．
B)pronunciation．
C)vocabulary．
D)intonation．
第2篇
Stress Level Tied to Education Level
People with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior．
However, the study also found that when 1ess-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health．
From this。researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random．Ⅵr11ere you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how wel
Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more．
For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems．Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning．
KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours．In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed．As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed．“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake．”he said．
1. Paragraph 2 ___.
2. Paragraph 4___.
3. Paragraph 5___.
4. Paragraph 6___.
A. Keprike’s research tool
B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep
C. Criticism on Kripke’s report
D. A way of overcoming insomnia
E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers
F. Classification of sleep problems
5．To get a good night’s rest，people may not need to ___.
6．Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to___.
7． One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to___.
8. One survey showed that people who habitually ___each night have a higher risk of dying．
A fall asleep again ．
B become more energetic the following day
C sleep less than 7 hours
D confirm those serious consequences
E suffer sleep problems
F sleep more than 8 hours
第四部分：閱讀理解（每題3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第1篇
Some things we know about language
Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain SO．But some
things we do know．
First，we know that all human beings have a language of some sort．There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language，no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother．Furthermore，in historical times，there has never been a race of men without a language．
Second，there is no such thing as a primitive language．There are many people whose
cultures are undeveloped，who are，as we say，uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive．In all known 1anguages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing．
This has not always been well understood；indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated．Popular ideas of the 1anguage of the American Indians will illustrate．Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises．Study has proved this to be nonsense．There are，or were，hundreds of American Indian languages，and a11 of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with，but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek．
A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate．That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language．
Finally, we know that language changes．It is natural and normal for language to change；
the only languages which do not change are the dead ones．This is easy to understand if we look backward in time．Change goes on in all aspects of language．Grammatical features change as do speech sounds，and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly．Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language．
詞匯：
race／n．種族
primitive／adj．原始的
uncivilized／adj．不開化的，落后的
complexity／n．復(fù)雜性，復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象
nonsense／n．胡說，沒有根據(jù)的話
extensive／adj．廣泛的
vocabulary／n．詞匯
練習(xí)：
1． In the second paragraph the author thinks that
A)some backward race doesn’t have a language of its own．
B)some race in history didn’t possess a language of its own．
C)any human race，whether backward or not，has a language．
D)some races on earth call communicate without language．
2． According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have___ languages.
A)complicated
B)uncivilized
C)primitive
D)well—known
3．The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are
A)just as old as some well-known languages．
B)just as sophisticated as some well-known languages．
C)more developed than some well-known languages．
D)more complex than some well-known languages．
4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A)A language is a means of expressing a particular culture．
B)All languages can well express their respective cultures．
C)American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English．
D)Some languages are better than other languages．
5． According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in
A)grammar．
B)pronunciation．
C)vocabulary．
D)intonation．
第2篇
Stress Level Tied to Education Level
People with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior．
However, the study also found that when 1ess-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health．
From this。researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random．Ⅵr11ere you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how wel