2009年中口英譯漢真題精解

字號(hào):

2009年3月上海中高級(jí)口譯考試在3月15日順利結(jié)束了,我將3月15日考試中級(jí)口譯考試翻譯部分英譯漢進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的解析,給參加2009年9月份考試的同學(xué)參考,從這次考試來(lái)看,同學(xué)們要緊抓熱點(diǎn)和時(shí)事新聞,通過(guò)瀏覽新聞網(wǎng)頁(yè)關(guān)注熱點(diǎn)新聞和當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì),社會(huì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。對(duì)于考試會(huì)有較大幫助。
    英譯漢原文:
    In a normal recession, the to-do list is clear. Copies of Keynes are dusted off, the Fed lowers interest rates, the president and Congress cut taxes and hike spending. In time, purchasing, production and loans perk up, and Keynes is placed back on the shelf. No larger alterations to the economy are made, because our economy, but for the occasional bump in the road, is fundamentally sound. This has been the drill in every recession since World War II. Republicans and Democrats argue over whose taxes should be cut the most and which projects should be funded, but, under public pressure to do something, they usually find some mutually acceptable midpoint and enact a stimulus package. Even in today's hyperpartisan Washington, the odds still favor such a deal. This time, though, don't expect that to be the end of the story -- because the coming recession will not be normal, and our economy is not fundamentally sound. This time around, the nation will have to craft new versions of some of the reforms that Franklin Roosevelt created to steer the nation out of the Great Depression。
    解析:
    1、In a normal recession, the to-do list is clear.
    譯:在平常,經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況一旦蕭條下來(lái),大家都就很明白應(yīng)該馬上著手做哪些事情:
    本句中,normal recession名詞性短語(yǔ),但需要采用詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的翻譯方法,進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展翻譯成一個(gè)句子,the to-do list“大家應(yīng)該做的事情”,本句主系表結(jié)構(gòu),字面意思:大家要做的事情是很清楚的。采用正反翻譯的方法,將其翻譯為“大家都就很明白應(yīng)該馬上著手做哪些事情:”。
    2、Copies of Keynes are dusted off, the Fed lowers interest rates, the president and Congress cut taxes and hike spending.
    譯:重新翻開(kāi)塵封已久的凱恩斯的著作,聯(lián)邦政府調(diào)低利息率,總統(tǒng)和國(guó)會(huì)開(kāi)始減稅,增加財(cái)政支出。
    本句是接上文,列舉出的一系列動(dòng)作,并列舉。在句中,Copies of Keynes are dusted off,字面意思為:凱恩斯著作上的灰塵會(huì)被拂去。根據(jù)本文的語(yǔ)意表達(dá)環(huán)境,我們采用意譯,翻譯為:重新翻開(kāi)塵封已久的凱恩斯的著作。
    3、In time, purchasing, production and loans perk up, and Keynes is placed back on the shelf.
    譯:用不了多久,市場(chǎng)上購(gòu)銷(xiāo)兩旺,生產(chǎn)線生機(jī)勃勃,貸款扶搖而上,于是乎,凱恩斯的書(shū)又回了書(shū)架。
    本句中,前半句purchasing, production and loans perk up中,perk vi. 振作;活躍起來(lái)(+up),在英語(yǔ)中“perk up”可以用于形容以上三個(gè)主語(yǔ),而在漢語(yǔ)中有不同搭配,所以對(duì)本句,翻譯成三個(gè)小分句“市場(chǎng)上購(gòu)銷(xiāo)兩旺,生產(chǎn)線生機(jī)勃勃,貸款扶搖而上”會(huì)更好一點(diǎn)。對(duì)于“Keynes is placed back on the shelf”中,“Keynes”需要翻譯為:凱恩斯的著作。該句子翻譯為:凱恩斯的著作又會(huì)被放回到書(shū)架上。
    4、No larger alterations to the economy are made, because our economy, but for the occasional bump in the road, is fundamentally sound.
    譯:不需要對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制做重大的改革,要知道我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)固然偶爾會(huì)有一點(diǎn)磕磕碰碰,從根本上說(shuō)還是健康的。
    在英語(yǔ)中,每個(gè)句子必須有完整“主謂”結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)于本句的前半句“No larger alterations to the economy are made”中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),翻譯為漢語(yǔ)中的無(wú)主句“不需要對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制做重大的改革”,本句中“economy” 需要將抽象名詞具體化翻譯為“經(jīng)濟(jì)體制”?!?but for the occasional bump in the road”為一個(gè)插入語(yǔ),且為一個(gè)“the occasional bump in the road”名詞性短語(yǔ),需要進(jìn)行添加翻譯為: 固然偶爾會(huì)有一點(diǎn)磕磕碰碰.
    5、This has been the drill in every recession since World War II.
    譯:第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后,每次蕭條一來(lái),我們都這樣如法炮制。
    本句中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),添加主語(yǔ)“我們”。
    6、Republicans and Democrats argue over whose taxes should be cut the most and which projects should be funded, but, under public pressure to do something, they usually find some mutually acceptable midpoint and enact a stimulus package.
    譯:關(guān)于哪個(gè)階層應(yīng)該減稅最多,哪些計(jì)劃可以得到政府資金援助,共和黨人和民主黨人一直都爭(zhēng)論不休。
    不過(guò),公眾輿論自然會(huì)要求他們有所作為,因此他們也往往能找到雙方都可接受的折中路線,共同推動(dòng)一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激的一攬子計(jì)劃。
    本句采用逆序翻譯法,先從句尾,翻譯兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句,再將主句翻譯后跟在后面,這個(gè)符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,漢語(yǔ)經(jīng)常會(huì)將表明態(tài)度性的內(nèi)容放在最后面?!癿idpoint”n. 中點(diǎn),在本句中依據(jù)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)需要和環(huán)境具體翻譯為:折中路線。
    7、Even in today's hyperpartisan Washington, the odds still favor such a deal.
    譯:就算在今天的華盛頓,兩黨意見(jiàn)空前分歧,我們依然相信,兩黨都能接受的計(jì)劃最終一定會(huì)出臺(tái)。
    本句中。最難可能就屬這個(gè)單詞“hyperpartisan”難了點(diǎn),該單詞是個(gè)合成詞,其中“hyper” adj. 高度緊張的;亢奮的,過(guò)度興奮的;易激動(dòng)的,為英語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ)用詞,“partisan” n. (黨派等的)強(qiáng)硬支持者;黨人,合成詞在本文的語(yǔ)義環(huán)境中,理解翻譯為:兩黨意見(jiàn)空前分歧。“我們依然相信”是根據(jù)本文的表達(dá)需要,添加進(jìn)來(lái)。
    8、This time, though, don't expect that to be the end of the story -- because the coming recession will not be normal, and our economy is not fundamentally sound.
    譯: 然而這次,我們不能指望事情就能就此了結(jié)――因?yàn)檫@一次到來(lái)的蕭條非比尋常,我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)從根本上說(shuō)也已經(jīng)不健康。
    本句中,“don't expect that to be the end of the story”省略了主語(yǔ),根據(jù)上下文,需要添加主語(yǔ)“我們”。
    9、This time around, the nation will have to craft new versions of some of the reforms that Franklin Roosevelt created to steer the nation out of the Great Depression。
    譯: 這一次,這個(gè)國(guó)家需要一些富蘭克林·羅斯福的改革手段,并將他們進(jìn)行更新。在當(dāng)年的大蕭條中,這些改革扭轉(zhuǎn)了乾坤。
    本句中“that Franklin Roosevelt created to steer the nation out of the Great Depression.”修飾前文的“reform”,該定語(yǔ)從句翻譯為后置定語(yǔ),而對(duì)于“reform”抽象名詞進(jìn)行具體化翻譯為:改革手段。“new versions”進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)換,翻譯為:并將他們進(jìn)行更新。