英語資源頻道為大家整理的雙語新聞：睡眠有助于排毒，供大家閱讀參考。
The US team believe the "waste removal system" is one of the fundamental reasons for sleep.Their study, in the journal Science, showed brain cells shrink during sleep to open up the gaps between neurons and allow fluid to wash the brain clean.
They also suggest that failing to clear away some toxic proteins may play a role in brain disorders.One big question for sleep researchers is why do animals sleep at all when it leaves them vulnerable to predators?
It has been shown to have a big role in the fixing of memories in the brain and learning, but a team at the University of Rochester Medical Centre believe that"housework" may be one of the primary reasons for sleep.
"The brain only has limited energy at its disposal and it appears that it must choose between two different functional states - awake and aware or asleep and cleaning up," said researcher Dr Maiken Nedergaard."You can think of it like having a house party. You can either entertain the guests or clean up the house, but you can't really do both at the same time."
Plumbing
Their findings build on last year's discovery of the brain's own network of plumbing pipes - known as the glymphatic system - which carry waste material out of the brain.
Scientists, who imaged the brains of mice, showed that the glymphatic system became 10-times more active when the mice were asleep.
Cells in the brain, probably the glial cells which keep nerve cells alive, shrink during sleep. This increases the size of the interstitial space, the gaps between brain tissue, allowing more fluid to be pumped in and wash the toxins away.
Dr Nedergaard said this was a "vital" function for staying alive, but did not appear to be possible while the mind was awake.She told the BBC: "This is purely speculation, but it looks like the brain is losing a lot of energy when pumping water across the brain and that is probably incompatible with processing information."She added that the true significance of the findings would be known only after human studies, but doing similar experiments in an MRI machine would be relatively easy.
Brain
Commenting on the research Dr Neil Stanley, an independent sleep expert, said: "This is a very interesting study that shows sleep is essential downtime to do some housekeeping to flush out neurotoxins.
"There is good data on memory and learning, the psychological reason for sleep. But this is the actual physical and chemical reason for sleep, something is happening which is important."
Dr Raphaelle Winsky-Sommerer, a lecturer in sleep at Surrey University, said: "It's not surprising, our whole physiology is changing during sleep."The novelty is the role of the interstitial space, but I think it's an added piece of the puzzle not the whole mechanism."The significance is that, yet again, it shows sleep may contribute to the restoration of brain cell function and may have protective effects."
Many conditions which lead to the loss of brain cells such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease are characterised by the build-up of damaged proteins in the brain.
The researchers suggest that problems with the brain's cleaning mechanism may contribute to such diseases, but caution more research is needed.
The charity Alzheimer's Research UK said more research would be needed to see whether damage to the brain's waste clearance system could lead to diseases like dementia, but the findings offered a "potential new avenue for investigation".
相關內容
這些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，大腦利用睡眠將代謝廢物或毒素有效排出體外，如果一些有毒的蛋白質沒能清除掉，可能導致腦部疾病。所以他們認為“清除廢物”是人類需要睡覺的根本原因之一。
動物睡覺時，腦細胞會收縮，擴大神經元之間的間隙，流體流過時自然可以清潔大腦。這一研究成果發(fā)表在最新一期的《科學》雜志上。去年，科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦類淋巴系統(tǒng)負責排出代謝廢物。老鼠睡著的時候，其類淋巴系統(tǒng)的活躍程度是清醒時候的10倍。大腦里的膠質細胞在睡眠過程中收縮，增加腦組織之間的空隙，允許更多的流體通過，清除毒素。
研究員梅肯?內德高(Maiken Nedergaard)博士說，“大腦可用的資源有限，它必須在兩種狀態(tài)之間做出選擇，要么清醒地感知世界，要么睡著了打掃衛(wèi)生。你可以把它看成是開一個家庭聚會，你要么招待客人，要么清理房間，不可能同時做這兩件事情?！?BR> 大腦清醒時無法排毒，但排毒對生存至關重要。內德高說：“這純粹是猜測，但是看起來大腦耗費不少能量排出水分，不大可能用來處理信息。”她表示，只有對人類進行了相關研究，才會明白這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的真正意義。
The US team believe the "waste removal system" is one of the fundamental reasons for sleep.Their study, in the journal Science, showed brain cells shrink during sleep to open up the gaps between neurons and allow fluid to wash the brain clean.
They also suggest that failing to clear away some toxic proteins may play a role in brain disorders.One big question for sleep researchers is why do animals sleep at all when it leaves them vulnerable to predators?
It has been shown to have a big role in the fixing of memories in the brain and learning, but a team at the University of Rochester Medical Centre believe that"housework" may be one of the primary reasons for sleep.
"The brain only has limited energy at its disposal and it appears that it must choose between two different functional states - awake and aware or asleep and cleaning up," said researcher Dr Maiken Nedergaard."You can think of it like having a house party. You can either entertain the guests or clean up the house, but you can't really do both at the same time."
Plumbing
Their findings build on last year's discovery of the brain's own network of plumbing pipes - known as the glymphatic system - which carry waste material out of the brain.
Scientists, who imaged the brains of mice, showed that the glymphatic system became 10-times more active when the mice were asleep.
Cells in the brain, probably the glial cells which keep nerve cells alive, shrink during sleep. This increases the size of the interstitial space, the gaps between brain tissue, allowing more fluid to be pumped in and wash the toxins away.
Dr Nedergaard said this was a "vital" function for staying alive, but did not appear to be possible while the mind was awake.She told the BBC: "This is purely speculation, but it looks like the brain is losing a lot of energy when pumping water across the brain and that is probably incompatible with processing information."She added that the true significance of the findings would be known only after human studies, but doing similar experiments in an MRI machine would be relatively easy.
Brain
Commenting on the research Dr Neil Stanley, an independent sleep expert, said: "This is a very interesting study that shows sleep is essential downtime to do some housekeeping to flush out neurotoxins.
"There is good data on memory and learning, the psychological reason for sleep. But this is the actual physical and chemical reason for sleep, something is happening which is important."
Dr Raphaelle Winsky-Sommerer, a lecturer in sleep at Surrey University, said: "It's not surprising, our whole physiology is changing during sleep."The novelty is the role of the interstitial space, but I think it's an added piece of the puzzle not the whole mechanism."The significance is that, yet again, it shows sleep may contribute to the restoration of brain cell function and may have protective effects."
Many conditions which lead to the loss of brain cells such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease are characterised by the build-up of damaged proteins in the brain.
The researchers suggest that problems with the brain's cleaning mechanism may contribute to such diseases, but caution more research is needed.
The charity Alzheimer's Research UK said more research would be needed to see whether damage to the brain's waste clearance system could lead to diseases like dementia, but the findings offered a "potential new avenue for investigation".
相關內容
這些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，大腦利用睡眠將代謝廢物或毒素有效排出體外，如果一些有毒的蛋白質沒能清除掉，可能導致腦部疾病。所以他們認為“清除廢物”是人類需要睡覺的根本原因之一。
動物睡覺時，腦細胞會收縮，擴大神經元之間的間隙，流體流過時自然可以清潔大腦。這一研究成果發(fā)表在最新一期的《科學》雜志上。去年，科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦類淋巴系統(tǒng)負責排出代謝廢物。老鼠睡著的時候，其類淋巴系統(tǒng)的活躍程度是清醒時候的10倍。大腦里的膠質細胞在睡眠過程中收縮，增加腦組織之間的空隙，允許更多的流體通過，清除毒素。
研究員梅肯?內德高(Maiken Nedergaard)博士說，“大腦可用的資源有限，它必須在兩種狀態(tài)之間做出選擇，要么清醒地感知世界，要么睡著了打掃衛(wèi)生。你可以把它看成是開一個家庭聚會，你要么招待客人，要么清理房間，不可能同時做這兩件事情?！?BR> 大腦清醒時無法排毒，但排毒對生存至關重要。內德高說：“這純粹是猜測，但是看起來大腦耗費不少能量排出水分，不大可能用來處理信息。”她表示，只有對人類進行了相關研究，才會明白這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的真正意義。