一、概述
在四級考試中，難拿分的也許就是作文了。其原因大致有三：一是作文是一項綜合考察的項目，既考察學(xué)生對詞匯、語法的掌握情況，也考察句型、篇章的能力；二是有的考生過分自信，認為只要寫足字?jǐn)?shù)，大體寫一寫，就能得個八、九分；三是有的考生過于缺乏自信，覺得這個部分太綜合了，平時也懶得寫，考試時能寫到哪兒就寫到哪兒，結(jié)果造成了“活馬當(dāng)作死馬醫(yī)”，自然是“醫(yī)死”了。
誠然，在四級作文中想得高分是很難的，但無論如何也應(yīng)當(dāng)拿到6分。這是一個底線，否則就要被倒扣分了，那是大大劃不來的。（請見后面我所講的作文低分的規(guī)定）。
但是筆者認為，要想拿到6分（或者更高一點）也并非難事，關(guān)鍵在于掌握正確的方法、多寫多練，再加上考試時的細心。
我們先來了解一下四六級考試作文的一些常識。
二、試卷要求
ＣＥＴ試卷短文寫作部分，一般用英語給出題目，然后用以下三種形式之一說明內(nèi)容要求：
1. 用英文列出寫作提綱；
2. 用英文段首句給定每段的大意；
3. 用英文說明圖表,給出信息范疇和要求。
考試時間為30分鐘,要求學(xué)生寫出一篇不少于100詞的短文。要求切題,能正確表達思想，意義連貫，文理基本通順，無重大語言錯誤。寫作內(nèi)容為科技、社會、文化等方面的一般常識。
三、評分原則
1. 大學(xué)英語考試的目的是檢查考生是否達到大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的四級和六級教學(xué)要求，對作文的評分應(yīng)以此要求為準(zhǔn)則。
2. 大學(xué)英語考試作文題采用總體評分(Global Scoring)方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎勵分(Reward Scores),而不是按語言點的錯誤數(shù)目扣分。
3. 從內(nèi)容和語言兩個方面對作文進行綜合評判。內(nèi)容和語言是一個統(tǒng)一體。作文應(yīng)表達題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容,而內(nèi)容要通過語言來表達。要考慮作文是否切題,是否充分表達思想,也要考慮是否用英語清楚而適切地表達思想,也就是要考慮語言上的錯誤是否造成理解上的障礙。
4. 避免趨中傾向。該給高分的給高分,包括滿分;該給低分的給低分,包括零分。一名閱卷人員在所評閱的全部作文卷中不應(yīng)只給中間的幾種分?jǐn)?shù)。
四、評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1. 短文寫作部分滿分為15分。
2. 閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共分五等:14分、11分、8分、5分、及2分。各有參照卷一至二份。
3. 閱卷人員根據(jù)閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對照參照卷評分,若認為與某一分?jǐn)?shù)(如8分)相似,即定為該分?jǐn)?shù)(即8分)；若認為稍優(yōu)或稍劣于該分?jǐn)?shù),則可加一分(即9分)或減一分(即7分)，但不得加或減半分。
l 給分檔
14分—— 切題。表達思想清楚,文字通順,連貫性較好?；旧蠠o語言錯誤,僅有個別小錯。
11分—— 切題。表達思想清楚,文字連貫,但有少量語言錯誤。
8分 —— 基本切題。有些地方表達思想不夠清楚, 文字勉強連貫；語言錯誤相當(dāng)多,其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯誤。
5分 —— 基本切題。表達思想不清楚,連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯誤。
2分 —— 條理不清,思路紊亂,語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤,且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯誤。
五、作文低分的規(guī)定：
自1997年6月起，全國大學(xué)英語考試委員會正式實施了在計算成績時設(shè)“作文低分”的規(guī)定，其目的是為了鼓勵各個院校扎扎實實地搞好課堂教學(xué)，提高學(xué)生的實際應(yīng)用能力。[計算方法]如下：
（1）根據(jù)學(xué)生目前的作文分均值，將作文的低分定為6分；
（2）作文分為0分，總分若高于60分，后報導(dǎo)一律按59分不及格處理；若低于60分則報導(dǎo)時一律再減6分；
（3）作文分大于0分，小于6分，則按下面的公式計算成績：
后報導(dǎo)分=原計算總分-6分+實得作文分
例1：原計算總分為63分，實得作文分為2分，后報導(dǎo)分=63-6+2=59分。
例2：原計算總分為80分，實得作文分為4分，后報導(dǎo)分=80-6+4=78分。
例3：原計算總分為58分，實得作文分為2分，后報導(dǎo)分=58-6+2=54分。
六、作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)示例
請對照評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，研究一下2002年12月四級考試作文的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)示例，找出失分的原因，以避免在自己的作文中出現(xiàn)。括號中為作者的點評。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: It pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 當(dāng)前社會上存在許多不誠實的現(xiàn)象。
2. 誠實利人利己，做人應(yīng)該誠實。
It Pays to Be Honest
14 points
Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.（第一句點明話題，同時用although引導(dǎo)的從句指出誠實是美德，為后文作了鋪墊，再用例子闡釋第一句提綱。）
Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers won’t buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. By contrast, honest people gain a lot. （從反面論述不誠實的壞處，得出結(jié)論） Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Such persons are sure to have a lot of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them, Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that anyone who is honest will be paid back later. （從其它方面認述誠實的好處）
In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. So it is important that we should be honest. （這兩句分別進行了總結(jié)和點題）
1 points
Nowadays, many people choose not be honest in our modern society. We almost can find such things every day of our life: some students cheat in the exam for higher marks; some corporations tell wrong data to the public in order to get more investment; and some doctors treat their patients with unnecessary and expensive medicines in order to make money, sometimes damaged the patient’s health, even their life.
Seeing this situation, I think it must be changed. Being honest will benefit not only others, but also ourselves. First, your honesty will make others willing to trust you. Second, being honest can lead you to face your problem bravely, which helps to solve it. And the last, honesty surely helps to make the society more harmony.
So, I think everyone should start to be honest and everyone should have the idea that our society can not do without honesty.
這篇文章全部采取正面論述的方法，略顯蒼白和單調(diào)，但文章尚連貫。
8 points
In our modern social life, there are many examples around us show many people are cheated. Advertisements cheat people, salesmen cheat people, even one’s closest friends cheat him or her. So many heartbreaks are heard everyday that we cannot help asking: where is our honest exist?
Everybody is taught honest in the primary school or even in the kindergarten. Honesty does good not only to ourseives, but to others as well. If we are honest to others, we will be happier and be in a better mood. Otherwise, we’ll feel guilt at last. To a company and its advertisement, honesty will bring it more consumer and more profit. If we cheat others, friends will not believe you and they will leave you alone. To a company, no consumer will buy your product again!
So, as the above is said, it pays to be honest. Let’s create a morally outstanding social.
僅在第一段就有那么多的錯誤和不規(guī)范的表達，其余的就不用說了。好在還能扣題，連貫性也過得去。
5 points
With the development of modern economic and industry, competitive is becoming more and more obvious. At the same time, the performance of dishonest is becoming more and more clearly.
Nowadays, there are many dishonest performance in our society. For example, some people found that he saled goods had past the preservation date. Not throw them away, the revised the preservation date, and saled them again after several day. Another case in the point, a pair of shoes was made from goat. However, in order to sale at a high price, the salers would say they were made from cow which has good quality.
From the foregoing, we can see that dishonest does not only harm to yourselves but also harm to others. And it is no use only realize the harmness of dishonest. We should be honest from now on and be honest on our daily life. It is only that people all over the world are honest then our country will be beautiful and wealthy.
2 points
Now in our society, many people are not honest in doing soming. we often can meet with soming happened cause by people who are not honest. For example, Now we take the bus need carry cents own, and when you upstairs the bus, you should put the cent into the money box. Every people do that, but some of the people put the other things instead the cents. For another example, it is more normal that in the exams we can always find some students see others.
I consider that every people should be honest. As a people, honest should be first, because it can make us to be increase and make our society develop. In doing everything we should be honest all, study, work, life and so on. If you re honest, every people will be friend to you, and who will regard you good people. But if you don’t be honest, people must unwilling to trath with you. So if you are want to be a good people, remember honest first.
在四級考試中，難拿分的也許就是作文了。其原因大致有三：一是作文是一項綜合考察的項目，既考察學(xué)生對詞匯、語法的掌握情況，也考察句型、篇章的能力；二是有的考生過分自信，認為只要寫足字?jǐn)?shù)，大體寫一寫，就能得個八、九分；三是有的考生過于缺乏自信，覺得這個部分太綜合了，平時也懶得寫，考試時能寫到哪兒就寫到哪兒，結(jié)果造成了“活馬當(dāng)作死馬醫(yī)”，自然是“醫(yī)死”了。
誠然，在四級作文中想得高分是很難的，但無論如何也應(yīng)當(dāng)拿到6分。這是一個底線，否則就要被倒扣分了，那是大大劃不來的。（請見后面我所講的作文低分的規(guī)定）。
但是筆者認為，要想拿到6分（或者更高一點）也并非難事，關(guān)鍵在于掌握正確的方法、多寫多練，再加上考試時的細心。
我們先來了解一下四六級考試作文的一些常識。
二、試卷要求
ＣＥＴ試卷短文寫作部分，一般用英語給出題目，然后用以下三種形式之一說明內(nèi)容要求：
1. 用英文列出寫作提綱；
2. 用英文段首句給定每段的大意；
3. 用英文說明圖表,給出信息范疇和要求。
考試時間為30分鐘,要求學(xué)生寫出一篇不少于100詞的短文。要求切題,能正確表達思想，意義連貫，文理基本通順，無重大語言錯誤。寫作內(nèi)容為科技、社會、文化等方面的一般常識。
三、評分原則
1. 大學(xué)英語考試的目的是檢查考生是否達到大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的四級和六級教學(xué)要求，對作文的評分應(yīng)以此要求為準(zhǔn)則。
2. 大學(xué)英語考試作文題采用總體評分(Global Scoring)方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎勵分(Reward Scores),而不是按語言點的錯誤數(shù)目扣分。
3. 從內(nèi)容和語言兩個方面對作文進行綜合評判。內(nèi)容和語言是一個統(tǒng)一體。作文應(yīng)表達題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容,而內(nèi)容要通過語言來表達。要考慮作文是否切題,是否充分表達思想,也要考慮是否用英語清楚而適切地表達思想,也就是要考慮語言上的錯誤是否造成理解上的障礙。
4. 避免趨中傾向。該給高分的給高分,包括滿分;該給低分的給低分,包括零分。一名閱卷人員在所評閱的全部作文卷中不應(yīng)只給中間的幾種分?jǐn)?shù)。
四、評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1. 短文寫作部分滿分為15分。
2. 閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共分五等:14分、11分、8分、5分、及2分。各有參照卷一至二份。
3. 閱卷人員根據(jù)閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對照參照卷評分,若認為與某一分?jǐn)?shù)(如8分)相似,即定為該分?jǐn)?shù)(即8分)；若認為稍優(yōu)或稍劣于該分?jǐn)?shù),則可加一分(即9分)或減一分(即7分)，但不得加或減半分。
l 給分檔
14分—— 切題。表達思想清楚,文字通順,連貫性較好?；旧蠠o語言錯誤,僅有個別小錯。
11分—— 切題。表達思想清楚,文字連貫,但有少量語言錯誤。
8分 —— 基本切題。有些地方表達思想不夠清楚, 文字勉強連貫；語言錯誤相當(dāng)多,其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯誤。
5分 —— 基本切題。表達思想不清楚,連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯誤。
2分 —— 條理不清,思路紊亂,語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤,且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯誤。
五、作文低分的規(guī)定：
自1997年6月起，全國大學(xué)英語考試委員會正式實施了在計算成績時設(shè)“作文低分”的規(guī)定，其目的是為了鼓勵各個院校扎扎實實地搞好課堂教學(xué)，提高學(xué)生的實際應(yīng)用能力。[計算方法]如下：
（1）根據(jù)學(xué)生目前的作文分均值，將作文的低分定為6分；
（2）作文分為0分，總分若高于60分，后報導(dǎo)一律按59分不及格處理；若低于60分則報導(dǎo)時一律再減6分；
（3）作文分大于0分，小于6分，則按下面的公式計算成績：
后報導(dǎo)分=原計算總分-6分+實得作文分
例1：原計算總分為63分，實得作文分為2分，后報導(dǎo)分=63-6+2=59分。
例2：原計算總分為80分，實得作文分為4分，后報導(dǎo)分=80-6+4=78分。
例3：原計算總分為58分，實得作文分為2分，后報導(dǎo)分=58-6+2=54分。
六、作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)示例
請對照評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，研究一下2002年12月四級考試作文的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)示例，找出失分的原因，以避免在自己的作文中出現(xiàn)。括號中為作者的點評。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: It pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 當(dāng)前社會上存在許多不誠實的現(xiàn)象。
2. 誠實利人利己，做人應(yīng)該誠實。
It Pays to Be Honest
14 points
Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.（第一句點明話題，同時用although引導(dǎo)的從句指出誠實是美德，為后文作了鋪墊，再用例子闡釋第一句提綱。）
Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers won’t buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. By contrast, honest people gain a lot. （從反面論述不誠實的壞處，得出結(jié)論） Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Such persons are sure to have a lot of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them, Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that anyone who is honest will be paid back later. （從其它方面認述誠實的好處）
In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. So it is important that we should be honest. （這兩句分別進行了總結(jié)和點題）
1 points
Nowadays, many people choose not be honest in our modern society. We almost can find such things every day of our life: some students cheat in the exam for higher marks; some corporations tell wrong data to the public in order to get more investment; and some doctors treat their patients with unnecessary and expensive medicines in order to make money, sometimes damaged the patient’s health, even their life.
Seeing this situation, I think it must be changed. Being honest will benefit not only others, but also ourselves. First, your honesty will make others willing to trust you. Second, being honest can lead you to face your problem bravely, which helps to solve it. And the last, honesty surely helps to make the society more harmony.
So, I think everyone should start to be honest and everyone should have the idea that our society can not do without honesty.
這篇文章全部采取正面論述的方法，略顯蒼白和單調(diào)，但文章尚連貫。
8 points
In our modern social life, there are many examples around us show many people are cheated. Advertisements cheat people, salesmen cheat people, even one’s closest friends cheat him or her. So many heartbreaks are heard everyday that we cannot help asking: where is our honest exist?
Everybody is taught honest in the primary school or even in the kindergarten. Honesty does good not only to ourseives, but to others as well. If we are honest to others, we will be happier and be in a better mood. Otherwise, we’ll feel guilt at last. To a company and its advertisement, honesty will bring it more consumer and more profit. If we cheat others, friends will not believe you and they will leave you alone. To a company, no consumer will buy your product again!
So, as the above is said, it pays to be honest. Let’s create a morally outstanding social.
僅在第一段就有那么多的錯誤和不規(guī)范的表達，其余的就不用說了。好在還能扣題，連貫性也過得去。
5 points
With the development of modern economic and industry, competitive is becoming more and more obvious. At the same time, the performance of dishonest is becoming more and more clearly.
Nowadays, there are many dishonest performance in our society. For example, some people found that he saled goods had past the preservation date. Not throw them away, the revised the preservation date, and saled them again after several day. Another case in the point, a pair of shoes was made from goat. However, in order to sale at a high price, the salers would say they were made from cow which has good quality.
From the foregoing, we can see that dishonest does not only harm to yourselves but also harm to others. And it is no use only realize the harmness of dishonest. We should be honest from now on and be honest on our daily life. It is only that people all over the world are honest then our country will be beautiful and wealthy.
2 points
Now in our society, many people are not honest in doing soming. we often can meet with soming happened cause by people who are not honest. For example, Now we take the bus need carry cents own, and when you upstairs the bus, you should put the cent into the money box. Every people do that, but some of the people put the other things instead the cents. For another example, it is more normal that in the exams we can always find some students see others.
I consider that every people should be honest. As a people, honest should be first, because it can make us to be increase and make our society develop. In doing everything we should be honest all, study, work, life and so on. If you re honest, every people will be friend to you, and who will regard you good people. But if you don’t be honest, people must unwilling to trath with you. So if you are want to be a good people, remember honest first.