上一講中我們介紹了兩個(gè)重要的國(guó)際組織：International Monetary Fund－國(guó)際貨幣基金組織和 World Trade Organisation－世界貿(mào)易組織。
這兩個(gè)在二次大戰(zhàn)期間和之后相繼成立的國(guó)際組織為穩(wěn)定世界經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序發(fā)揮了重要的作用。但是澳廣金融節(jié)目主持人巴里克拉克說(shuō)，戰(zhàn)后的國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)也有它的黑暗面：
While the IMF and the GATT, created during and after World war II, were part of the explanation for trade expansion and income growth in the 1950s, 60s and 70s, there was a darker side to the post-war international economy.
Problems began to develop with the international financial system, caused, in large part, by the failure of countries experiencing fundamental balance of payments problems to devalue or revalue their currencies.
Also, the US dollars which had been in scarce supply in the 1940s became all too available in the 1960s, to the point at which the world was 'awash with dollars'. The dollar's value vis a vis other currencies was now being challenged.
It was essentially this challenge to the core currency which led to the breakdown of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate system in the period 1971 to 1973.
巴里克拉克在談話中用了這樣幾個(gè)詞：
1 devalue 貶值
2 revalue 調(diào)整幣值
3 vis-a-vis 相比
4 awash with dollars 美元泛濫
下面我們分段聽(tīng)一遍他的這段談話和中文翻譯：（英文略）
盡管在二次大戰(zhàn)期間和之后成立的國(guó)際貨幣基金組織及關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定是二十世紀(jì)五十、六十及七十年代貿(mào)易擴(kuò)展和收入增加的原因之一，戰(zhàn)后的國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)也有它更黑暗的一面。國(guó)際金融系統(tǒng)開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，大部分是由于那些國(guó)際收支平衡出現(xiàn)重大問(wèn)題的國(guó)家沒(méi)能將其貨幣貶值或或?qū)胖底髦匦抡{(diào)整。另外，在四十年代供不應(yīng)求的美元到了六十年代就變得供過(guò)于求，甚至到了美元在整個(gè)世界泛濫的地步。美元與其它貨幣的比值現(xiàn)在受到了挑戰(zhàn)。正是這種對(duì)核心貨幣的挑戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致了布雷頓森林固定匯率制在1971到1973年的垮臺(tái)。
現(xiàn)在我們?cè)俾?tīng)一遍巴里克拉克的這段談話原文。（略）
澳大利亞昆士蘭大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)系教授托尼梅金接下來(lái)談了國(guó)際貨幣基金組織功能上的變化：
這兩個(gè)在二次大戰(zhàn)期間和之后相繼成立的國(guó)際組織為穩(wěn)定世界經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序發(fā)揮了重要的作用。但是澳廣金融節(jié)目主持人巴里克拉克說(shuō)，戰(zhàn)后的國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)也有它的黑暗面：
While the IMF and the GATT, created during and after World war II, were part of the explanation for trade expansion and income growth in the 1950s, 60s and 70s, there was a darker side to the post-war international economy.
Problems began to develop with the international financial system, caused, in large part, by the failure of countries experiencing fundamental balance of payments problems to devalue or revalue their currencies.
Also, the US dollars which had been in scarce supply in the 1940s became all too available in the 1960s, to the point at which the world was 'awash with dollars'. The dollar's value vis a vis other currencies was now being challenged.
It was essentially this challenge to the core currency which led to the breakdown of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate system in the period 1971 to 1973.
巴里克拉克在談話中用了這樣幾個(gè)詞：
1 devalue 貶值
2 revalue 調(diào)整幣值
3 vis-a-vis 相比
4 awash with dollars 美元泛濫
下面我們分段聽(tīng)一遍他的這段談話和中文翻譯：（英文略）
盡管在二次大戰(zhàn)期間和之后成立的國(guó)際貨幣基金組織及關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定是二十世紀(jì)五十、六十及七十年代貿(mào)易擴(kuò)展和收入增加的原因之一，戰(zhàn)后的國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)也有它更黑暗的一面。國(guó)際金融系統(tǒng)開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，大部分是由于那些國(guó)際收支平衡出現(xiàn)重大問(wèn)題的國(guó)家沒(méi)能將其貨幣貶值或或?qū)胖底髦匦抡{(diào)整。另外，在四十年代供不應(yīng)求的美元到了六十年代就變得供過(guò)于求，甚至到了美元在整個(gè)世界泛濫的地步。美元與其它貨幣的比值現(xiàn)在受到了挑戰(zhàn)。正是這種對(duì)核心貨幣的挑戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致了布雷頓森林固定匯率制在1971到1973年的垮臺(tái)。
現(xiàn)在我們?cè)俾?tīng)一遍巴里克拉克的這段談話原文。（略）
澳大利亞昆士蘭大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)系教授托尼梅金接下來(lái)談了國(guó)際貨幣基金組織功能上的變化：