2.根據(jù)復(fù)述猜測(cè)詞義
雖然復(fù)述不如定義那樣嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、詳細(xì),但是提供的信息足以使閱讀者猜出生詞詞義。
復(fù)述部分可以適當(dāng)詞、短語(yǔ)或是從句。
同位語(yǔ)
Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
此例逗號(hào)中短語(yǔ)意為“對(duì)詞意義進(jìn)行研究的學(xué)科”。該短語(yǔ)與前面生詞semanties式
同位關(guān)系,因此我們不難猜出semanties指“語(yǔ)義學(xué)”。
在復(fù)述中構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號(hào)連接,有時(shí)也使用破折號(hào),冒號(hào),分號(hào),引號(hào),和括號(hào)等。
Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.
由同位語(yǔ)我們很快猜出生詞capacitance詞義---電容量。需要注意的是:同位語(yǔ)前還常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i. e. 等副詞或短語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)。
定語(yǔ)從句
Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder,a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.
根據(jù)生詞SAD后面定語(yǔ)從句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位語(yǔ) a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我們可以推斷出SAD含義,即 “季節(jié)性情緒紊亂癥”。
根據(jù)舉例猜測(cè)詞義
恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測(cè)生詞的重要線索,例如:
The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”和“重大科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)”是生詞的實(shí)例,通過(guò)它們我們可以猜出epochal的大致詞義“重要的”,這與其確切含義“劃時(shí)代的”十分接近。
二 內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系
根據(jù)內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系推測(cè)詞義是指運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)分析和判斷相關(guān)信息之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系,然后根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。
1. 根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義
在一個(gè)句子或段落中,有對(duì)兩個(gè)事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比性的描 述,我們可以根據(jù)生詞或難詞的反義詞猜測(cè)其詞義。例如:
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast,is quite humble and modest.
該例中supercilious對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)可能是個(gè)生詞,但是句中短語(yǔ)in contrast,(相對(duì)照的,相對(duì)比的)可以提示我們 supercilious和后面詞組humble and modest(謙卑又謙虛)是對(duì)比關(guān)系。分析出這種關(guān)系后,我們便能猜出 supercilious意為“目空一切的,傲慢的”。
雖然復(fù)述不如定義那樣嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、詳細(xì),但是提供的信息足以使閱讀者猜出生詞詞義。
復(fù)述部分可以適當(dāng)詞、短語(yǔ)或是從句。
同位語(yǔ)
Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
此例逗號(hào)中短語(yǔ)意為“對(duì)詞意義進(jìn)行研究的學(xué)科”。該短語(yǔ)與前面生詞semanties式
同位關(guān)系,因此我們不難猜出semanties指“語(yǔ)義學(xué)”。
在復(fù)述中構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號(hào)連接,有時(shí)也使用破折號(hào),冒號(hào),分號(hào),引號(hào),和括號(hào)等。
Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.
由同位語(yǔ)我們很快猜出生詞capacitance詞義---電容量。需要注意的是:同位語(yǔ)前還常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i. e. 等副詞或短語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)。
定語(yǔ)從句
Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder,a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.
根據(jù)生詞SAD后面定語(yǔ)從句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位語(yǔ) a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我們可以推斷出SAD含義,即 “季節(jié)性情緒紊亂癥”。
根據(jù)舉例猜測(cè)詞義
恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測(cè)生詞的重要線索,例如:
The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”和“重大科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)”是生詞的實(shí)例,通過(guò)它們我們可以猜出epochal的大致詞義“重要的”,這與其確切含義“劃時(shí)代的”十分接近。
二 內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系
根據(jù)內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系推測(cè)詞義是指運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)分析和判斷相關(guān)信息之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系,然后根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。
1. 根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義
在一個(gè)句子或段落中,有對(duì)兩個(gè)事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比性的描 述,我們可以根據(jù)生詞或難詞的反義詞猜測(cè)其詞義。例如:
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast,is quite humble and modest.
該例中supercilious對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)可能是個(gè)生詞,但是句中短語(yǔ)in contrast,(相對(duì)照的,相對(duì)比的)可以提示我們 supercilious和后面詞組humble and modest(謙卑又謙虛)是對(duì)比關(guān)系。分析出這種關(guān)系后,我們便能猜出 supercilious意為“目空一切的,傲慢的”。