5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space，thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon~，”Hansen said．Soot’s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world’s climate. “This forcing is unusually effective，causing twice as much global warming as a carbon．dioxide forcing of the same magnitude，”Hansen noted．
6 Hansen cautioned．although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century．Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing f10r也e rest of this century．
7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes．These observations were consistent with the researchers’ climate model simulations，which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight．
詞匯 ：
soot n．煤煙，煤灰
emission n．釋放，散發(fā)，排放
simulation v．模擬
latitude n．緯度
glacier n．冰川，冰河
albedo n．反照率
permafrost n．永凍層
forcing n．溫室作用
dioxide n．二氧化物
magnitude n．量，大小
練習：
1．Paragraph 3____________
2．Paragraph 4____________
3．Paragraph 6____________
4．Paragraph 7____________
5．In the twentieth century，soot____________
6．Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases____________
7. Black soot covered snow and ice____________
8．A soot forcing is unusually effective，which____________
第四部分：閱讀理解（每題3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
第1篇
Storms Sink Ships
Rescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters in
Bangladesh．The accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April 21．Hundreds more are missing or feared dead．
The two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhakfi as strong winds and rain hit the South Asian country．
The government has since banned a11 ferries and other boats from traveling at night during the April-May stormy season． ．
6 Hansen cautioned．although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century．Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing f10r也e rest of this century．
7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes．These observations were consistent with the researchers’ climate model simulations，which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight．
詞匯 ：
soot n．煤煙，煤灰
emission n．釋放，散發(fā)，排放
simulation v．模擬
latitude n．緯度
glacier n．冰川，冰河
albedo n．反照率
permafrost n．永凍層
forcing n．溫室作用
dioxide n．二氧化物
magnitude n．量，大小
練習：
1．Paragraph 3____________
2．Paragraph 4____________
3．Paragraph 6____________
4．Paragraph 7____________
5．In the twentieth century，soot____________
6．Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases____________
7. Black soot covered snow and ice____________
8．A soot forcing is unusually effective，which____________
第四部分：閱讀理解（每題3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
第1篇
Storms Sink Ships
Rescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters in
Bangladesh．The accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April 21．Hundreds more are missing or feared dead．
The two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhakfi as strong winds and rain hit the South Asian country．
The government has since banned a11 ferries and other boats from traveling at night during the April-May stormy season． ．