實用英語:新概念英語第二冊學(xué)習(xí)日志Lesson17

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LESSON 17 Always young
    1.兩種年齡表示法。一種是“數(shù)字+years old”,作表語:
    My father is fifty-seven, years old now.
    我父親現(xiàn)在已57歲了。
    另一種是“數(shù)字+ -year-old”,作定語:
    Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was in
    vited to a children's party.
    上周,我4歲的女兒薩莉應(yīng)邀去參加一個兒童晚會。
    2.in spite of為固定短語,意為“不管”、“盡管”,后面可以跟名詞、代詞或從句:
    In spite of the rain, they went on their journey.
    盡管下雨,他們還是繼續(xù)旅行。
    In spite of what you have said about her, she is much better than Mary.
    不管你說她什么,她比瑪麗要好得多。
    in spite of this:盡管如此
    3.Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up! 親愛的,長成大人真可怕?。?BR>    it 為先行詞,代替 to be grown up,這個不定式是句子真正的主語。再如:
    it is a pleasant thing to have many friends.
    有許多朋友是件令人愉悅的事。
    4.take part in,join,attend(參加)的區(qū)別:
    join: join sb/sth 參加了某一種團(tuán)體
    join the army:參軍
    join the party:入黨
    join us:(口語)加入我們中來
    take part in:參加某一種活動
    take part in the race:參加比賽
    take part in a play
    take part in the party
    attend;出席
    attend meeting;參加會議,出席會議
    attend the party:出席宴會
    attend class:上課
    5.as
    1.介詞,“作為” As a young girl...
    2.代詞,“正如” As I learned,...
    3.連詞,=because As I am busy...
    4.連詞,=when,“當(dāng)……時” As I was leaving the house,...
    5.方式狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞 Do as you are told.
    6.“作為……工作” I work as...
    6.dress,suit,costume
    dress:裙子,晚禮服,連衣裙(女式)
    suit:套裝(男式)
    costume:演出服,民族服裝,某一年代的服裝
    7.情態(tài)助動詞 must
    (1) must 一般譯為“必須”,可以表示“必要”、“命令或強(qiáng)制”、“邀請”、“決心”、“不可推卸的責(zé)任”等多種含義。它沒有時態(tài)和人稱變化,通常只用于現(xiàn)在時和將來時。在其他時態(tài)中,must的有些含義可以由have to或 have got to來補(bǔ)足。這 3種形式一般可以互換,但彼此是有差別的。用于第一人稱時,have to和have got to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的要求或外在的原因,must則強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀的要求或表示說話的人認(rèn)為自己有權(quán)做某事:
    I have to look after the baby.
    我得照管這孩子。(因為客觀原因)
    I must see the boss.
    我必須見老板。(主觀要求)
    They must leave (tomorrow).
    他們(明天)必須出發(fā)。
    They had to leave.
    他們(當(dāng)時)不得不出發(fā)。(過去時中用 have to 代替)
    They have had to leave.
    (譯文同上)
    (2)have to和 have got to往往可以互換:
    I have to/have got to leave home every morning at 7:30.
    我每天早上7點(diǎn)半就得離開家。
    但是,與always,sometimes 等頻度副詞連用時,用have to往往比用have got to好:
    I often have to get up at 5. Do you ever have to get up at 5?
    我經(jīng)常5點(diǎn)就得起床。你有時候也得5點(diǎn)起床嗎?
    have got to比have to聽上去要更加口語化一些:
    (3)在表達(dá)“難道你不能不(做……)”的含義時,一般用“Must you…?”句型而不用“Do you have to…?”或“Have you got to…?”句型:
    (4)must還可以用來表示推測:
    He must be at home now.
    他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。
    He must be mad to drive anywhere today!
    他今天居然開車出去,真是瘋了!