2、“It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world’s energy resources for future generations.”
3、“Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience and expertise. A ‘flat’ organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees.”
9、“Employees should keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace.”
11、“When someone achieves greatness in any field — such as the arts, science, politics, or business — that person’s achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults.”
12、“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”
13、“Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to government.”
16、“Public buildings reveal much about the attitudes and values of the society that builds them. Today’s new schools, courthouses, airports, and libraries, for example, reflect the attitudes and values of today’s society.”
18、“If the primary duty and concern of a corporation is to make money, then conflict is inevitable when the corporation must also acknowledge a duty to serve society.”
21、“Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity.”
24、“A powerful business leader has far more opportunity to influence the course of a community or a nation than does any government official.”
25、“The best strategy for managing a business, or any enterprise, is to find the most capable people and give them as much authority as possible.”
29、“Too many people think only about getting results. The key to success, however, is to focus on the specific task at hand and not to worry about results.”
31、“Financial gain should be the most important factor in choosing a career.”
32、“You can tell the ideas of a nation by its advertisements.”
34、“All citizens should be required to perform a specified amount of public service. Such service would benefit not only the country as a whole but also the individual participants.”
36、“Businesses and other organizations have overemphasized the importance of working as a team. Clearly, in any human group, it is the strong individual, the person with the most commitment and energy, who gets things done.”
37、“Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.”
38、“Courtesy is rapidly disappearing from everyday interactions, and as a result, we are all the poorer for it.”
39、“It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.”
40、“With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and international cooperation, people need to understand that their role as citizens of the world is more important than their role as citizens of a particular country.”
45、“The most effective way for a businessperson to maximize profits over a long period of time is to follow the highest standards of ethics.”
46、“Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies, but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.”
57、“Everywhere, it seems, there are clear and positive signs that people are becoming more respectful of one another’s differences.”
60、“Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees’ health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees’permission.”
62、“What education fails to teach us is to see the human community as one. Rather than focus on the unique differences that separate one nation from another, education should focus on the similarities among all people and places on Earth.”
65、“The rise of multinational corporations is leading to global homogeneity*. Because people everywhere are beginning to want the same products and services, regional differences are rapidly disappearing.”
68、“Since the physical work environment affects employee productivity and morale, the employees themselves should have the right to decide how their workplace is designed.”
72、“Companies should not try to improve employees’ performance by giving incentives — for example, awards or gifts. These incentives encourage negative kinds of behavior instead of encouraging a genuine interest in doing the work well.”
75、“There are essentially two forces that motivate people: self-interest and fear.”
78、“Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society’s past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes.”
81、“No one can possibly achieve any real and lasting success or ‘get rich’ in business by conforming to conventional practices or ways of thinking.”
87、“As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to government or to business.”
107、“The most effective way for managers to assign work is to divide complex tasks into their simpler component parts. This way, each worker completes a small portion of the task but contributes to the whole.”
109、“Employees should not have full access to their own personnel files. If, for example, employees were allowed to see certain confidential materials, the people supplying that information would not be likely to express their opinions candidly.”
111、“The most effective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standards.”
112、“Because of recent advancements in business and technology, the overall quality of life in most societies has never been better than at the present time.”
129、“Instead of relying on the advice of outside experts, organizations should place greater value on the advice that can come only from their own highly experienced employees.”
130、“When judging the qualifications of potential employees, business employers should rely primarily on objective information, such as a candidate’s résumé and education. Personal interviews are much too subjective and are therefore not a valid basis on which to judge a person’s qualifications for a job.”
131、“We can learn more about a society by observing how its people spend their leisure time than by observing them at work.”
132、“Governments should not be responsible for regulating businesses and other organizations. Instead, society would benefit if the organizations themselves assumed responsibility for establishing and enforcing their own standards and regulations.”
Analysis of Issue Questions
2、“指望單個國家獨立地做出必要的犧牲來保存能源是不現(xiàn)實的。如果我們希望為下一代保護世界的能源資源，國際領導力量和全球性的公司是基本的?！?BR> 3、“有限公司和其他商業(yè)機構應該盡力消除根據(jù)員工經(jīng)驗和技術劃分員工的許多職稱和工資等級。一個扁平的組織結構更可能鼓勵員工間的共同掌權和共同合作。”
9、“雇員應該保持他們的私人生活和個人行為盡量遠離工作場所。”
11、“當某些人在任何領域獲得成功時，無論該領域時藝術科學政治還是商業(yè)，此人的成就比他或她的任何個人錯誤重要的多?！?BR> 12、“教育已經(jīng)成為我們的社會里個人機會的主要提供者。就像財富和金錢一度是成功的關鍵一樣，經(jīng)驗現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為確保成功的最重要因素?！?BR> 13、“保護自然環(huán)境的責任完全屬于每個個人，而非政府?！?BR> 16、“公眾建筑反映了建造它的社會的許多態(tài)度和價值。例如，今天的新學校，法院，機場，圖書館反應了今天的社會的態(tài)度和價值?！?BR> 18、“如果一家公司最基本的責任和著眼點是掙錢，那么當這家公司也必須承擔服務社會的責任時，矛盾是不可避免的。”
21、“工作保險和工資應該建立在雇員績效的基礎上而非工作年限上。主要根據(jù)工作年限獎勵員工不利于人們保持高水平的生產(chǎn)力?！?BR> 24、“一個有力的企業(yè)領導比一個政府官員有更多的機會影響一個社團或國家的方針。”
25、“管理生意或者任何企業(yè)的方法就是找到最有能力的人并給他們盡可能多的權力。”
29、“太多的人只想到得到結果。成功的關鍵是注意手邊的特定事情而不擔心結果。”
31、“經(jīng)濟收入應該是找工作時最重要的因素?！?BR> 32、“你可以從一個國家的廣告辨別出它的思想。”
34、“所有的市民都應該被要求完成一定量的公共服務。這樣的服務將不但從整體上給國家?guī)砗锰?，也能給個人的參與者帶來好處?！?BR> 36、“企業(yè)和其他組織過分強調了團隊工作的重要性。很明顯，在任何人類團體里，都是的個人，那個具有最多義務和能量的人，把事情完成的?！?BR> 37、“由于對現(xiàn)代社會來說，科學和技術正在變得越來越基本，學校應該投入更多的時間教授科學技術而減少藝術和人文的教育?！?BR> 38、“禮貌正在從每日的交流中迅速消失。作為結果，我們都缺乏它。”
39、“人們要在不犧牲實現(xiàn)個人生活的重要方面的情況下達到專業(yè)成功是很難的?！?BR> 40、“隨著對全球經(jīng)濟和跨國公司的關注增加，人們需要理解他們作為世界公民的角色比作為一個特定國家的公民的角色更重要。”
45、“商務人員在長期內(nèi)實現(xiàn)利潤化的途徑是遵循標準的道德?！?BR> 46、“企業(yè)和政府一樣容易產(chǎn)生大規(guī)模的官僚機構，但是官僚機構對企業(yè)的危害比對政府的危害更大?！?BR> 57、“看來有明顯和確實的跡象說明所有地方的人們都變得對彼此的不同越來越尊重。”
60、“沒有雇員的同意時，雇主應該沒有權力去了解他的雇員的健康狀況和其他的私人生活方面的信息?！?BR> 62、“教育沒有教會我們的是把人類社會看成一個整體。與其把焦點集中在區(qū)分一個國家和另一個的獨特不同點上，教育應該集中焦點于地球上所有人類和所有地方的相似之處?！?BR> 65、“跨國公司的興起導致全球一體化。因為所有地方的人們都開始需要同樣的服務和產(chǎn)品，地區(qū)差異正迅速消失。”
68、“由于物理工作環(huán)境影響雇員的生產(chǎn)力和士氣，雇員自身應該有權決定如何設計他們的工作場所。”
72、“公司不應該使用諸如獎金或禮物之類的刺激手段改善員工的表現(xiàn)。這種刺激鼓勵不好的舉動而非要把工作做好的真實興趣?！?BR> 75、“有兩種驅使人們的基本力量：自私和恐懼?！?BR> 78、“多數(shù)人會同意建筑是任何社會的過去的有價值的記錄，但是當老建筑位于當代設計者認為用于現(xiàn)代目的會更好的地方時，爭議就會冒出來。”
81、“沒有人能在遵循傳統(tǒng)的實踐和思維方式的情況下達到任何真正的持久的成功或在做生意中‘變富’（get rich）?！?BR> 87、“當某項特定服務的技術和需求改變時，很多工人將失業(yè)。適應這種改變的責任屬于每個工人而不是政府或企業(yè)?！?BR> 107、“經(jīng)理指派工作的的方法是把負責的工作分成比較簡單的組成部分。這樣的話，每個工人完成工作的一小部分但對整體都有貢獻?！?BR> 109、“雇員不應該有權接觸到所有他們自己的個人文件。比如，如果雇員可以看某些證明文件的話，那么提供這些信息的人將可能不會公正地表達他們的意見?！?BR> 111、“率的企業(yè)領導是保持道德標準的人?！?BR> 112、“因為最近商業(yè)和技術方面的發(fā)展，大多數(shù)社會的總體社會質量前所未有的好?！?BR> 129、“與其依賴外部專家的建議，一個組織更應該看重那些只能來自它的內(nèi)部的資深員工的建議?！?BR> 130、“當評價一個潛在雇員的條件的時候，企業(yè)雇主應該主要依賴諸如推薦信和教育程度之類的客觀信息。個人鑒定太過主觀因此不是評判一個人是否對一份工作稱職的有效依靠。”
131、“我們可以通過觀察一個社會的人們?nèi)绾未虬l(fā)他們的休閑時間而非觀察他們的工作來更多的了解這個社會。”
132、“政府不應該對規(guī)范企業(yè)和其他組織負責。相反，如果組織自身承擔建立和執(zhí)行他們自己的標準和規(guī)范的責任，那么社會將會得利?！?BR>
3、“Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience and expertise. A ‘flat’ organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees.”
9、“Employees should keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace.”
11、“When someone achieves greatness in any field — such as the arts, science, politics, or business — that person’s achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults.”
12、“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”
13、“Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to government.”
16、“Public buildings reveal much about the attitudes and values of the society that builds them. Today’s new schools, courthouses, airports, and libraries, for example, reflect the attitudes and values of today’s society.”
18、“If the primary duty and concern of a corporation is to make money, then conflict is inevitable when the corporation must also acknowledge a duty to serve society.”
21、“Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity.”
24、“A powerful business leader has far more opportunity to influence the course of a community or a nation than does any government official.”
25、“The best strategy for managing a business, or any enterprise, is to find the most capable people and give them as much authority as possible.”
29、“Too many people think only about getting results. The key to success, however, is to focus on the specific task at hand and not to worry about results.”
31、“Financial gain should be the most important factor in choosing a career.”
32、“You can tell the ideas of a nation by its advertisements.”
34、“All citizens should be required to perform a specified amount of public service. Such service would benefit not only the country as a whole but also the individual participants.”
36、“Businesses and other organizations have overemphasized the importance of working as a team. Clearly, in any human group, it is the strong individual, the person with the most commitment and energy, who gets things done.”
37、“Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.”
38、“Courtesy is rapidly disappearing from everyday interactions, and as a result, we are all the poorer for it.”
39、“It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.”
40、“With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and international cooperation, people need to understand that their role as citizens of the world is more important than their role as citizens of a particular country.”
45、“The most effective way for a businessperson to maximize profits over a long period of time is to follow the highest standards of ethics.”
46、“Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies, but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.”
57、“Everywhere, it seems, there are clear and positive signs that people are becoming more respectful of one another’s differences.”
60、“Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees’ health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees’permission.”
62、“What education fails to teach us is to see the human community as one. Rather than focus on the unique differences that separate one nation from another, education should focus on the similarities among all people and places on Earth.”
65、“The rise of multinational corporations is leading to global homogeneity*. Because people everywhere are beginning to want the same products and services, regional differences are rapidly disappearing.”
68、“Since the physical work environment affects employee productivity and morale, the employees themselves should have the right to decide how their workplace is designed.”
72、“Companies should not try to improve employees’ performance by giving incentives — for example, awards or gifts. These incentives encourage negative kinds of behavior instead of encouraging a genuine interest in doing the work well.”
75、“There are essentially two forces that motivate people: self-interest and fear.”
78、“Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society’s past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes.”
81、“No one can possibly achieve any real and lasting success or ‘get rich’ in business by conforming to conventional practices or ways of thinking.”
87、“As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to government or to business.”
107、“The most effective way for managers to assign work is to divide complex tasks into their simpler component parts. This way, each worker completes a small portion of the task but contributes to the whole.”
109、“Employees should not have full access to their own personnel files. If, for example, employees were allowed to see certain confidential materials, the people supplying that information would not be likely to express their opinions candidly.”
111、“The most effective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standards.”
112、“Because of recent advancements in business and technology, the overall quality of life in most societies has never been better than at the present time.”
129、“Instead of relying on the advice of outside experts, organizations should place greater value on the advice that can come only from their own highly experienced employees.”
130、“When judging the qualifications of potential employees, business employers should rely primarily on objective information, such as a candidate’s résumé and education. Personal interviews are much too subjective and are therefore not a valid basis on which to judge a person’s qualifications for a job.”
131、“We can learn more about a society by observing how its people spend their leisure time than by observing them at work.”
132、“Governments should not be responsible for regulating businesses and other organizations. Instead, society would benefit if the organizations themselves assumed responsibility for establishing and enforcing their own standards and regulations.”
Analysis of Issue Questions
2、“指望單個國家獨立地做出必要的犧牲來保存能源是不現(xiàn)實的。如果我們希望為下一代保護世界的能源資源，國際領導力量和全球性的公司是基本的?！?BR> 3、“有限公司和其他商業(yè)機構應該盡力消除根據(jù)員工經(jīng)驗和技術劃分員工的許多職稱和工資等級。一個扁平的組織結構更可能鼓勵員工間的共同掌權和共同合作。”
9、“雇員應該保持他們的私人生活和個人行為盡量遠離工作場所。”
11、“當某些人在任何領域獲得成功時，無論該領域時藝術科學政治還是商業(yè)，此人的成就比他或她的任何個人錯誤重要的多?！?BR> 12、“教育已經(jīng)成為我們的社會里個人機會的主要提供者。就像財富和金錢一度是成功的關鍵一樣，經(jīng)驗現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為確保成功的最重要因素?！?BR> 13、“保護自然環(huán)境的責任完全屬于每個個人，而非政府?！?BR> 16、“公眾建筑反映了建造它的社會的許多態(tài)度和價值。例如，今天的新學校，法院，機場，圖書館反應了今天的社會的態(tài)度和價值?！?BR> 18、“如果一家公司最基本的責任和著眼點是掙錢，那么當這家公司也必須承擔服務社會的責任時，矛盾是不可避免的。”
21、“工作保險和工資應該建立在雇員績效的基礎上而非工作年限上。主要根據(jù)工作年限獎勵員工不利于人們保持高水平的生產(chǎn)力?！?BR> 24、“一個有力的企業(yè)領導比一個政府官員有更多的機會影響一個社團或國家的方針。”
25、“管理生意或者任何企業(yè)的方法就是找到最有能力的人并給他們盡可能多的權力。”
29、“太多的人只想到得到結果。成功的關鍵是注意手邊的特定事情而不擔心結果。”
31、“經(jīng)濟收入應該是找工作時最重要的因素?！?BR> 32、“你可以從一個國家的廣告辨別出它的思想。”
34、“所有的市民都應該被要求完成一定量的公共服務。這樣的服務將不但從整體上給國家?guī)砗锰?，也能給個人的參與者帶來好處?！?BR> 36、“企業(yè)和其他組織過分強調了團隊工作的重要性。很明顯，在任何人類團體里，都是的個人，那個具有最多義務和能量的人，把事情完成的?！?BR> 37、“由于對現(xiàn)代社會來說，科學和技術正在變得越來越基本，學校應該投入更多的時間教授科學技術而減少藝術和人文的教育?！?BR> 38、“禮貌正在從每日的交流中迅速消失。作為結果，我們都缺乏它。”
39、“人們要在不犧牲實現(xiàn)個人生活的重要方面的情況下達到專業(yè)成功是很難的?！?BR> 40、“隨著對全球經(jīng)濟和跨國公司的關注增加，人們需要理解他們作為世界公民的角色比作為一個特定國家的公民的角色更重要。”
45、“商務人員在長期內(nèi)實現(xiàn)利潤化的途徑是遵循標準的道德?！?BR> 46、“企業(yè)和政府一樣容易產(chǎn)生大規(guī)模的官僚機構，但是官僚機構對企業(yè)的危害比對政府的危害更大?！?BR> 57、“看來有明顯和確實的跡象說明所有地方的人們都變得對彼此的不同越來越尊重。”
60、“沒有雇員的同意時，雇主應該沒有權力去了解他的雇員的健康狀況和其他的私人生活方面的信息?！?BR> 62、“教育沒有教會我們的是把人類社會看成一個整體。與其把焦點集中在區(qū)分一個國家和另一個的獨特不同點上，教育應該集中焦點于地球上所有人類和所有地方的相似之處?！?BR> 65、“跨國公司的興起導致全球一體化。因為所有地方的人們都開始需要同樣的服務和產(chǎn)品，地區(qū)差異正迅速消失。”
68、“由于物理工作環(huán)境影響雇員的生產(chǎn)力和士氣，雇員自身應該有權決定如何設計他們的工作場所。”
72、“公司不應該使用諸如獎金或禮物之類的刺激手段改善員工的表現(xiàn)。這種刺激鼓勵不好的舉動而非要把工作做好的真實興趣?！?BR> 75、“有兩種驅使人們的基本力量：自私和恐懼?！?BR> 78、“多數(shù)人會同意建筑是任何社會的過去的有價值的記錄，但是當老建筑位于當代設計者認為用于現(xiàn)代目的會更好的地方時，爭議就會冒出來。”
81、“沒有人能在遵循傳統(tǒng)的實踐和思維方式的情況下達到任何真正的持久的成功或在做生意中‘變富’（get rich）?！?BR> 87、“當某項特定服務的技術和需求改變時，很多工人將失業(yè)。適應這種改變的責任屬于每個工人而不是政府或企業(yè)?！?BR> 107、“經(jīng)理指派工作的的方法是把負責的工作分成比較簡單的組成部分。這樣的話，每個工人完成工作的一小部分但對整體都有貢獻?！?BR> 109、“雇員不應該有權接觸到所有他們自己的個人文件。比如，如果雇員可以看某些證明文件的話，那么提供這些信息的人將可能不會公正地表達他們的意見?！?BR> 111、“率的企業(yè)領導是保持道德標準的人?！?BR> 112、“因為最近商業(yè)和技術方面的發(fā)展，大多數(shù)社會的總體社會質量前所未有的好?！?BR> 129、“與其依賴外部專家的建議，一個組織更應該看重那些只能來自它的內(nèi)部的資深員工的建議?！?BR> 130、“當評價一個潛在雇員的條件的時候，企業(yè)雇主應該主要依賴諸如推薦信和教育程度之類的客觀信息。個人鑒定太過主觀因此不是評判一個人是否對一份工作稱職的有效依靠。”
131、“我們可以通過觀察一個社會的人們?nèi)绾未虬l(fā)他們的休閑時間而非觀察他們的工作來更多的了解這個社會。”
132、“政府不應該對規(guī)范企業(yè)和其他組織負責。相反，如果組織自身承擔建立和執(zhí)行他們自己的標準和規(guī)范的責任，那么社會將會得利?！?BR>