Passage 3
問題設(shè)置難度A/B級(jí)
Why not eat breakfast?
Breakfast is not only the most important meal of the day, it is also the most neglected or skipped. Common reason for not eating breakfast include lack of time, not feeling hungry, traditional dislike for breakfast, and dieting.
Breakfast simply means “break the fast.” Your body spends at least six to twelve hours each night in a fasting state. In the morning your body needs energy to rev up（轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)起來） into high gear （轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)裝置）for 為了 the day’s work ahead
If you skip breakfast, you are likely to concentrate less effectively in the late morning, feel irritable, short-tempered, tired, or weak.
When you choose not to eat breakfast, your body stays in slow gear. Also, people who skip breakfast often binge(無節(jié)制地吃)later in the day at other meals or eat a high-calorie snack in the morning. Breakfast eaters tend to eat less fat during the day, have more strength and endurance and better concentration and problem solving ability.
Not hungry in the morning? Well, what time was dinner? did you have a large evening snack? A large dinner or a large bedtime snack can cause you to not feel hungry in the morning. It makes sense to eat more in the morning when there is a full day of activity ahead of you. Instead we, tend to have our largest meal in the evening when we are gearing down for sleep.
A good breakfast should provide up 1/3 of your total calorie needs for the day. On the average we eat 400 less calories for breakfast than for dinner. If breakfast doesn’t appeal to you in the morning, try eating a lighter diner earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast in the morning.
If you still aren’t hungry in the morning, start with something small like juice or toast or have a nutritious mid-morning snack later when you are hungry.
So, you say you’re on a diet. Some people fear eating breakfast will make them hungrier during the day and they will eat more. It is true that eating breakfast is likely to make you feel hungry throughout the day. That’s because your body is working correctly, you’ve fuelled your metabolism. Although you may feel as if you are eating more all day long, in reality you are probably not.
Also, eating smaller meals frequently throughout the day is another way to keep your internal furnace stocked. Mini-meals, or “grazing,” prevent the drop in metabolism that can come when there are long periods between meals. Your body’s strategy for food deprivation is to work more efficiently and burn calories more slowly, making it harder to lose weight.
Not eating breakfast can also cause you to overeat, since a fall in blood sugar often makes you feel ravenously hungry later. To make matters worse, since your body is in a slowed state it will not be able to burn those extra calories very efficiently. If you feed your body healthy snacks and meals throughout the day, you are less likely to become famished and stuffy yourself as soon as you begin to eat.
Since breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day, choosing the right fuel is important. The best breakfast foods are fruits, juice, lean meat, and grain products such as breads, rice, noodles, and cereals.
Why not start each day with your metabolism in high gear, working to fill yourself with energy, build new body cells, help you concentrate effectively and work efficiently, and burn excess fat? In other words, why not eat breakfast?
1. According to the context, the word “fast” in the phrase “break the fast” in the second paragraph most probably means
A. a period of quick actions
B. a habit of eating
C. a strict rule
D. a period of not eating
2. All of the following are likely to happen to a person if he does not have breakfast EXCEPT ____.
A. he will find it hard to pay close attention to what he is doing
B. he will tend to lose his temper
C. he will become very talkative
D. he will feel the lack of strength
3. All of the following are likely to happen to a person if he does not have breakfast EXCEPT
A he will find it hard to pay close attention to what he is doing
B he will tend to lose his temper
C he will become very talkative
D he will feel the lack of strength
4. All of the following are likely to happen to a person if he does not have breakfast EXCEPT
A he will find it hard to pay close attention to what he is doing
B he will tend to lose his temper
C he will become very talkative
D he will feel the lack of strength
5. According to the author, which of the following will result from not eating breakfast?
A eating more than usual
B. losing weight
C. burning extra calories more quickly
D. developing a healthy eating habit
在線作業(yè)答案及解析:
Passage 3 Breakfast
1．D． 分析： 問題問“第2段‘break the fast’中的fast的含義是什么？”。fast在這個(gè)短語(yǔ)中用作名詞，可以借助字典查出：fast (宗教上的)禁食，齋期，禁食期，絕食期，對(duì)比被選項(xiàng)可直接判斷D（絕食期）是答案。
也可以借助該詞所在的上下文內(nèi)容判斷答案。 觀察被選項(xiàng)， 發(fā)現(xiàn)A, B和D有關(guān)系， 所以關(guān)注“fast”, 所在的上下文中有沒有提到“eating/吃東西”或“period/時(shí)期”。 “fast”所在的上下文：
（第2段）Breakfast simply means “break the fast.”該劃線句沒有揭示答案, 所以接著看后面的內(nèi)容: Your body spends at least six to twelve hours each night in a fasting state. 該句說“你的身體每晚至少有6到12個(gè)小時(shí)處于一種fasting的狀態(tài)” ， 該句還是沒有很清晰地揭示答案， 所以接著看下面的句子：In the morning your body needs energy （暗示“需要吃東西”）to rev up（轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)起來） into high gear （轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)裝置）for 為了 the day’s work ahead在前（將開始）.該句說“早晨你的身體需要能量以使身體轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)起來進(jìn)入高速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的狀態(tài)， 以迎接即將開始的新的一天的工作”， 根據(jù)這句話的內(nèi)容判斷夜晚的那6-12個(gè)小時(shí)很可能是靜止的狀態(tài)（這樣后面才會(huì)說“使身體轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)起來”）， 而且很可能“沒有吃東西”，而且“打破靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)”作為“break the fast”的含義也很通順， 這樣進(jìn)一步肯定了我們的推測(cè)。 被選項(xiàng)D（不吃東西的狀態(tài)）與我們的理解最接近， 因此D是答案。
2. C。分析： 問題說“如果一個(gè)人不吃早飯， 這個(gè)人不會(huì)出現(xiàn)下列的哪中情況？”該題可以借助我們自己的經(jīng)歷直接作出判斷： C（變得很健談）是答案。
也可以借助文章中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容： 利用問題句中提到的核心內(nèi)容（條件句中的謂語(yǔ)部分）“不吃早餐”作為答案線索， 這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：
(第3段) If you skip忽略，省去breakfast(與“not have breakfast”呼應(yīng)), you are likely to concentrate less effectively in the late morning（與A一致）, feel irritable易怒的（與B一致）, short-tempered急性子的（與B一致）, tired, or weak（與D一致）.因此判斷C是答案。
3. C。分析： 問題問“哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是作者為增進(jìn)人們對(duì)早餐的食欲而提出的建議？”。 該題也可以借助我們的常識(shí)和背景知識(shí)直接判斷答案： B（晚上大吃一頓）肯定不正確；而C恰恰與B的內(nèi)容相反， 而這也是一種健康的做法， 因此推測(cè)C很可能是答案。
也可以借助文章中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容： 利用問題句中出現(xiàn)的新信息結(jié)構(gòu)“improve a person’s appetite for breakfast”作為答案線索， 這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：
（第6段）If breakfast doesn’t appeal to you (與“improve a person’s appetite for breakfast”呼應(yīng))in the morning, try eating a lighter dinner earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast in the morning.該劃線結(jié)構(gòu)說“嘗試在晚上早點(diǎn)吃飯， 吃的清淡些， 或者留一半晚上的食物在早晨吃”， 借助這句話的內(nèi)容判斷C是答案。
4． C。分析： 問題說“根據(jù)短文來看， 下列哪種飲食習(xí)慣對(duì)那些想要減肥的人有幫助？”， 這道題我們也可以首先借助我們的常識(shí)進(jìn)行答案的篩選： A（吃地越少越好）肯定不正確； B（不吃早餐）與文章主題矛盾， 也不是答案； C（少食多餐）和 D（一天定時(shí)地吃三頓飯）暫時(shí)無法判別。利用題干中的新信息結(jié)構(gòu)“l(fā)ose weight”作為答案線索， 同時(shí)關(guān)注C中的核心詞（small meals）和D中的核心詞（regular meals）， 這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：
（第8段）So, you say you’re on a diet(與lose weight是近義短語(yǔ)). …
(第9段) Also(also表明該段內(nèi)容與上一段內(nèi)容(減肥)緊密相關(guān)), eating smaller meals frequently throughout the day is another way to keep your internal furnace 爐子stocked處于貯有的燃料的狀態(tài). 少食多餐也是一種保持你體內(nèi)的爐子有充足的燃料的方法。該句沒有清晰地表明作者對(duì)” 少食多餐”的態(tài)度, 所以借助看后面的句子， 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)該段最后的句子中直接出現(xiàn)了問題句中的核心結(jié)構(gòu)“l(fā)ose weight”， 所以接下來直接看該段最后一句： Your body’s strategy for food deprivation is to work more efficiently and burn calories more slowly, making it harder to lose weight. 該句說“對(duì)于食物不足這樣的情況，你的身體采取的策略是更加有效地工作， 把熱量消耗地更慢些， 結(jié)果使得減肥更難。 ”該句明確地說明了體內(nèi)食物不足所帶來的影響 – 使減肥更難實(shí)現(xiàn)， 因此推斷出：能保持你體內(nèi)的爐子有充足的燃料的方法 --“少食多餐”能有助于減肥， 所以C是答案。
5． A。 分析： 問題問“根據(jù)作者的說法， 下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)會(huì)因?yàn)椴怀栽绮驮斐?？”借助我們的常識(shí)和在前面做題的過程中所了解到的作者提出的觀點(diǎn)判斷： B 錯(cuò)誤（因?yàn)轶w內(nèi)食物不足所帶來的影響是“減肥更難實(shí)現(xiàn)”）；C錯(cuò)誤（在解答上一題的過程中已經(jīng)了解到“在食物不足的情況下， 身體采取的策略是提高效率， 降低脂肪的燃燒”）； D錯(cuò)誤（不吃早餐是作者不贊同的做法， 不吃早餐不可能培養(yǎng)出健康的飲食習(xí)慣）， 因此答案只有A。 文章倒數(shù)第3段的第一句也明確回答了問題： Not eating breakfast can also cause you to overeat,…( 不吃早餐也會(huì)造成你吃的過多), 根據(jù)這句話也可以判斷A是答案.
問題設(shè)置難度A/B級(jí)
Why not eat breakfast?
Breakfast is not only the most important meal of the day, it is also the most neglected or skipped. Common reason for not eating breakfast include lack of time, not feeling hungry, traditional dislike for breakfast, and dieting.
Breakfast simply means “break the fast.” Your body spends at least six to twelve hours each night in a fasting state. In the morning your body needs energy to rev up（轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)起來） into high gear （轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)裝置）for 為了 the day’s work ahead
If you skip breakfast, you are likely to concentrate less effectively in the late morning, feel irritable, short-tempered, tired, or weak.
When you choose not to eat breakfast, your body stays in slow gear. Also, people who skip breakfast often binge(無節(jié)制地吃)later in the day at other meals or eat a high-calorie snack in the morning. Breakfast eaters tend to eat less fat during the day, have more strength and endurance and better concentration and problem solving ability.
Not hungry in the morning? Well, what time was dinner? did you have a large evening snack? A large dinner or a large bedtime snack can cause you to not feel hungry in the morning. It makes sense to eat more in the morning when there is a full day of activity ahead of you. Instead we, tend to have our largest meal in the evening when we are gearing down for sleep.
A good breakfast should provide up 1/3 of your total calorie needs for the day. On the average we eat 400 less calories for breakfast than for dinner. If breakfast doesn’t appeal to you in the morning, try eating a lighter diner earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast in the morning.
If you still aren’t hungry in the morning, start with something small like juice or toast or have a nutritious mid-morning snack later when you are hungry.
So, you say you’re on a diet. Some people fear eating breakfast will make them hungrier during the day and they will eat more. It is true that eating breakfast is likely to make you feel hungry throughout the day. That’s because your body is working correctly, you’ve fuelled your metabolism. Although you may feel as if you are eating more all day long, in reality you are probably not.
Also, eating smaller meals frequently throughout the day is another way to keep your internal furnace stocked. Mini-meals, or “grazing,” prevent the drop in metabolism that can come when there are long periods between meals. Your body’s strategy for food deprivation is to work more efficiently and burn calories more slowly, making it harder to lose weight.
Not eating breakfast can also cause you to overeat, since a fall in blood sugar often makes you feel ravenously hungry later. To make matters worse, since your body is in a slowed state it will not be able to burn those extra calories very efficiently. If you feed your body healthy snacks and meals throughout the day, you are less likely to become famished and stuffy yourself as soon as you begin to eat.
Since breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day, choosing the right fuel is important. The best breakfast foods are fruits, juice, lean meat, and grain products such as breads, rice, noodles, and cereals.
Why not start each day with your metabolism in high gear, working to fill yourself with energy, build new body cells, help you concentrate effectively and work efficiently, and burn excess fat? In other words, why not eat breakfast?
1. According to the context, the word “fast” in the phrase “break the fast” in the second paragraph most probably means
A. a period of quick actions
B. a habit of eating
C. a strict rule
D. a period of not eating
2. All of the following are likely to happen to a person if he does not have breakfast EXCEPT ____.
A. he will find it hard to pay close attention to what he is doing
B. he will tend to lose his temper
C. he will become very talkative
D. he will feel the lack of strength
3. All of the following are likely to happen to a person if he does not have breakfast EXCEPT
A he will find it hard to pay close attention to what he is doing
B he will tend to lose his temper
C he will become very talkative
D he will feel the lack of strength
4. All of the following are likely to happen to a person if he does not have breakfast EXCEPT
A he will find it hard to pay close attention to what he is doing
B he will tend to lose his temper
C he will become very talkative
D he will feel the lack of strength
5. According to the author, which of the following will result from not eating breakfast?
A eating more than usual
B. losing weight
C. burning extra calories more quickly
D. developing a healthy eating habit
在線作業(yè)答案及解析:
Passage 3 Breakfast
1．D． 分析： 問題問“第2段‘break the fast’中的fast的含義是什么？”。fast在這個(gè)短語(yǔ)中用作名詞，可以借助字典查出：fast (宗教上的)禁食，齋期，禁食期，絕食期，對(duì)比被選項(xiàng)可直接判斷D（絕食期）是答案。
也可以借助該詞所在的上下文內(nèi)容判斷答案。 觀察被選項(xiàng)， 發(fā)現(xiàn)A, B和D有關(guān)系， 所以關(guān)注“fast”, 所在的上下文中有沒有提到“eating/吃東西”或“period/時(shí)期”。 “fast”所在的上下文：
（第2段）Breakfast simply means “break the fast.”該劃線句沒有揭示答案, 所以接著看后面的內(nèi)容: Your body spends at least six to twelve hours each night in a fasting state. 該句說“你的身體每晚至少有6到12個(gè)小時(shí)處于一種fasting的狀態(tài)” ， 該句還是沒有很清晰地揭示答案， 所以接著看下面的句子：In the morning your body needs energy （暗示“需要吃東西”）to rev up（轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)起來） into high gear （轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)裝置）for 為了 the day’s work ahead在前（將開始）.該句說“早晨你的身體需要能量以使身體轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)起來進(jìn)入高速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的狀態(tài)， 以迎接即將開始的新的一天的工作”， 根據(jù)這句話的內(nèi)容判斷夜晚的那6-12個(gè)小時(shí)很可能是靜止的狀態(tài)（這樣后面才會(huì)說“使身體轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)起來”）， 而且很可能“沒有吃東西”，而且“打破靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)”作為“break the fast”的含義也很通順， 這樣進(jìn)一步肯定了我們的推測(cè)。 被選項(xiàng)D（不吃東西的狀態(tài)）與我們的理解最接近， 因此D是答案。
2. C。分析： 問題說“如果一個(gè)人不吃早飯， 這個(gè)人不會(huì)出現(xiàn)下列的哪中情況？”該題可以借助我們自己的經(jīng)歷直接作出判斷： C（變得很健談）是答案。
也可以借助文章中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容： 利用問題句中提到的核心內(nèi)容（條件句中的謂語(yǔ)部分）“不吃早餐”作為答案線索， 這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：
(第3段) If you skip忽略，省去breakfast(與“not have breakfast”呼應(yīng)), you are likely to concentrate less effectively in the late morning（與A一致）, feel irritable易怒的（與B一致）, short-tempered急性子的（與B一致）, tired, or weak（與D一致）.因此判斷C是答案。
3. C。分析： 問題問“哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是作者為增進(jìn)人們對(duì)早餐的食欲而提出的建議？”。 該題也可以借助我們的常識(shí)和背景知識(shí)直接判斷答案： B（晚上大吃一頓）肯定不正確；而C恰恰與B的內(nèi)容相反， 而這也是一種健康的做法， 因此推測(cè)C很可能是答案。
也可以借助文章中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容： 利用問題句中出現(xiàn)的新信息結(jié)構(gòu)“improve a person’s appetite for breakfast”作為答案線索， 這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：
（第6段）If breakfast doesn’t appeal to you (與“improve a person’s appetite for breakfast”呼應(yīng))in the morning, try eating a lighter dinner earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast in the morning.該劃線結(jié)構(gòu)說“嘗試在晚上早點(diǎn)吃飯， 吃的清淡些， 或者留一半晚上的食物在早晨吃”， 借助這句話的內(nèi)容判斷C是答案。
4． C。分析： 問題說“根據(jù)短文來看， 下列哪種飲食習(xí)慣對(duì)那些想要減肥的人有幫助？”， 這道題我們也可以首先借助我們的常識(shí)進(jìn)行答案的篩選： A（吃地越少越好）肯定不正確； B（不吃早餐）與文章主題矛盾， 也不是答案； C（少食多餐）和 D（一天定時(shí)地吃三頓飯）暫時(shí)無法判別。利用題干中的新信息結(jié)構(gòu)“l(fā)ose weight”作為答案線索， 同時(shí)關(guān)注C中的核心詞（small meals）和D中的核心詞（regular meals）， 這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：
（第8段）So, you say you’re on a diet(與lose weight是近義短語(yǔ)). …
(第9段) Also(also表明該段內(nèi)容與上一段內(nèi)容(減肥)緊密相關(guān)), eating smaller meals frequently throughout the day is another way to keep your internal furnace 爐子stocked處于貯有的燃料的狀態(tài). 少食多餐也是一種保持你體內(nèi)的爐子有充足的燃料的方法。該句沒有清晰地表明作者對(duì)” 少食多餐”的態(tài)度, 所以借助看后面的句子， 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)該段最后的句子中直接出現(xiàn)了問題句中的核心結(jié)構(gòu)“l(fā)ose weight”， 所以接下來直接看該段最后一句： Your body’s strategy for food deprivation is to work more efficiently and burn calories more slowly, making it harder to lose weight. 該句說“對(duì)于食物不足這樣的情況，你的身體采取的策略是更加有效地工作， 把熱量消耗地更慢些， 結(jié)果使得減肥更難。 ”該句明確地說明了體內(nèi)食物不足所帶來的影響 – 使減肥更難實(shí)現(xiàn)， 因此推斷出：能保持你體內(nèi)的爐子有充足的燃料的方法 --“少食多餐”能有助于減肥， 所以C是答案。
5． A。 分析： 問題問“根據(jù)作者的說法， 下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)會(huì)因?yàn)椴怀栽绮驮斐?？”借助我們的常識(shí)和在前面做題的過程中所了解到的作者提出的觀點(diǎn)判斷： B 錯(cuò)誤（因?yàn)轶w內(nèi)食物不足所帶來的影響是“減肥更難實(shí)現(xiàn)”）；C錯(cuò)誤（在解答上一題的過程中已經(jīng)了解到“在食物不足的情況下， 身體采取的策略是提高效率， 降低脂肪的燃燒”）； D錯(cuò)誤（不吃早餐是作者不贊同的做法， 不吃早餐不可能培養(yǎng)出健康的飲食習(xí)慣）， 因此答案只有A。 文章倒數(shù)第3段的第一句也明確回答了問題： Not eating breakfast can also cause you to overeat,…( 不吃早餐也會(huì)造成你吃的過多), 根據(jù)這句話也可以判斷A是答案.