專業(yè)四級考試詞匯語法詳解五(1)

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Test Five
    be+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)
    表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。例如:
    There's to be an investigation.
    I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.
    這一結(jié)構(gòu)常見于報紙和廣播,用以宣布官方的計劃或決定。例如:
    The Queen is to visit Japan next year.
    二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如:
    You are to stand here. Do you understand?
    Tell her she's not to be back late.
    一般現(xiàn)在時也可表達(dá)將來時間,常見于條件狀語和時間狀語從句。例如:
    If she comes, I'll tell her all about it.
    Wait here till the meeting is over.
    It won't be long before the rain stops.
    近義詞辨析
    begin, commence, initiate, launch, start
    這組詞均含有“開始”的意思。
    begin
    在這組詞中最常用,泛指開始做某事。但口語中近年來start用得較多。
    The band began to play joyful music.樂隊開始演奏歡快的音樂。
    commence
    比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它儀式及軍事用語中人們傾向用commence.
    The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.軍官命令士兵開始進(jìn)攻。
    initiate
    指進(jìn)程中的第一步,與何時停止或結(jié)束沒有關(guān)系。
    The government has initiated a new reform program.政府啟動了新的改革方案。
    launch
    指開始或著手一項活動、計劃等大規(guī)?;蚵晞莺拼蟮男袆?,行動前或行動中有一定的宣傳鼓動。
    The company will launch an advertising compaign to introduce its new product.那個公司要發(fā)起廣告攻勢推出自己的新產(chǎn)品。
    Start
    與stop構(gòu)成反義用法,指從一特定地點出發(fā),由靜止或等待狀態(tài)開始做某事。在口語中??纱鎎egin.
    They started operations at once.他們馬上開始行動。