Heat Is Killer
Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems -- even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year. 1 Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. 2 Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.
3 out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials; avoid wearing synthetic clothing. Make sure the clothing is loose, permitting freedom of movement1. And learn the danger signs of the medical problems, such as headache and vomiting that are linked to heat. Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress. 4 pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot2. Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity3 and rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical activity for a few hours because more serious conditions
could develop:
Doctors say some people face an increased danger from heat stress. 5
Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure4, poor blood flow, nervousness or depression.
詞匯：
eruption n.爆發(fā)，噴發(fā) vomit v. 嘔吐
deadly adj. 致命的 muscle n. 肌肉
synthetic adj. 合成的
注釋：
1.Make sure the clothing is loose.permitting freedom of movement：衣服一定要寬松，以便活動(dòng)自如。make sure意為“確信，保證”，其后面從旬的謂語(yǔ)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1。如：Make sure the door is locked before you leave。permitting freedom of movement是分詞短語(yǔ)，用作目的狀語(yǔ)。
2.The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot：疼痛是一個(gè)警告，說(shuō)明你的身體過(guò)熱。that the body is becoming too hot是同位語(yǔ)從句，與warnin9同位，說(shuō)明warnin9的內(nèi)容。
3.physical activity：體力活動(dòng)
4.Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure…：炎熱天氣對(duì)于那些必須服藥以控制血壓的人……也增力n-J"危險(xiǎn)性。
練習(xí)：
A Such persons have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system.
B Several of these conditions are present at the same time.
C Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress.
D Several hot days are considered a heat wave.
E So does extreme heat.
F Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat.
答案與題解：
1.E本文的標(biāo)題是Heat Is Killer，通篇文章說(shuō)的是heat的危害性及預(yù)防方法?！翱誰(shuí)”前面的句子說(shuō)，“Floods，storms，volcano eruptions and other natural events kill thousands of people every year”，“空l(shuí)”后面的句子說(shuō)，“…h(huán)eat may be nature’s deadliest killer”。將兩個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的意思匯總來(lái)看，floods，storms，volcano eruptions和高溫都是殺手，而以高溫更烈?！翱誰(shuí)”的句子一定與“殺手”有關(guān)。五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有+E符合這個(gè)條件，所以E是答案。
2.D“空2”后面的句子說(shuō)到heat waves，而選項(xiàng)D的句子中也出現(xiàn)heat wave，說(shuō)明這兩個(gè)句子意思上有聯(lián)系?！翱?”的句子是對(duì)“heat wave”下定義，為下一句的展開(kāi)作了鋪墊。D是答案。
3.F第一段末尾說(shuō)，熱浪期間，當(dāng)黑夜與白天溫差不大，對(duì)人體傷害很大。第二段就列舉了許多保護(hù)自己免受高溫傷害的方法?！翱?”的句子應(yīng)該是位于段首的概括句。選項(xiàng)F說(shuō)人們有多種辦法保護(hù)自己，完全符合要求，因此是答案。
4.C緊跟“空4”后面句子中有特指的the pain，說(shuō)明前文一定出現(xiàn)過(guò)pain這個(gè)詞。選項(xiàng)C的句子中有pain，且C的句子填人后，上下文意思連貫，所以是答案。
5.A“空5”前面的句子說(shuō)：某些人在熱浪期間特別危險(xiǎn)。讀者或許會(huì)問(wèn)，是哪些人呢?選項(xiàng)A回答了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，所以是答案。
Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills
American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation. They found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists believe that1 could help children with learning disabilities.
1 . She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. This process is not much different from learning how to speak. 2
She further explains musical training and learning to speak each make us think about what we are doing2. She says speech and music pass through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem. 3 . Until recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed. But Professor Kranss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.
The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability. They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity. The Individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument -- the cello. 4 . The study found that the more years of training people had, the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music3. Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events was the strongest. 5 She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they hear sentences and understand facial expressions better.
詞匯：
retardation n. 滯后 cello n. 大提琴
note n. 音符 rhythm n. 節(jié)奏
electrode n. 電極 sensory adj. 知覺(jué)的，感官的
注釋：
1.scientists believe that could help children with learning disabilities：科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練、對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)上有障礙的兒童有幫助。that是從句“that could help children with learning disabilities”中的主語(yǔ)。that指代上一句的developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak。with learning disabilities是定語(yǔ)，修飾children。
2.musical training and learning to speak each make US think about what we are doin9：音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練和學(xué)習(xí)說(shuō)話這兩者都使我們思考我們正在所做的事。each指musical trainin9和learning to speak中的任何一個(gè)。句子的主語(yǔ)是musical training and learning to speak，所以，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)的。
3.the more years of training people had，the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music：人們接受音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練的年份越長(zhǎng)，其對(duì)音樂(lè)聲音和節(jié)奏的敏感性也越高。people是前半旬中的主語(yǔ)。
練習(xí)：
A Both involve different senses.
B Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist (~E~:~) at Northwestern University in Illinois.
C Some disabled children attended~ the musical training Class.
D It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities.
E Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech.
F The brain stem controls our ability to hear.
答案與題解：
1.B “空l(shuí)”后面的句子的主語(yǔ)是代詞she，說(shuō)明“空l(shuí)”的句子中有一個(gè)女性的名字。選項(xiàng)B有Nina Kraus(Nina“尼娜”是女性名字)，句子的內(nèi)容是介紹Nina Kraus，與后面句子的意思配得上。B是答案。
2.A 本段的第二、三句說(shuō)，音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練和學(xué)習(xí)這兩件事沒(méi)有什么很大的不同。選項(xiàng)A的“Both
involve different senses”解釋了為什么這么說(shuō)，因?yàn)閮烧叨忌婕安煌母泄?，也就是上文所列舉的“hearing music”(耳聽(tīng))，“l(fā)ooking at musical notes/watching other musicians”(眼看)，“touching an instrument”(手觸)等。
3.F 在六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)F的句子中出現(xiàn)特指的the brain stem，說(shuō)明前文已出現(xiàn)過(guò)這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)。這是篇章寫作中常用的詞匯連接方式。從意義上看，選項(xiàng)F的句子是解釋上文提到的brain stem的功能。上下文意思連貫，所以是答案。
4.E 同上面第三題的解釋一樣，選項(xiàng)E的句子中出現(xiàn)特指的the cellos，與上一句的cello相呼應(yīng)，該句說(shuō)明科學(xué)家為什么要選擇大提琴作為音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練的樂(lè)器，上下文意思連貫，所以E是答案。 ，
5.D 最后一段介紹音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練的方法和結(jié)果，以及對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)聯(lián)和影響。選項(xiàng)D表達(dá)的意思
是音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練的結(jié)果和對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)上有障礙的兒童所產(chǎn)生的正面影響，意思與其前后兩句的意思完全配合，D是答案。
Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems -- even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year. 1 Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. 2 Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.
3 out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials; avoid wearing synthetic clothing. Make sure the clothing is loose, permitting freedom of movement1. And learn the danger signs of the medical problems, such as headache and vomiting that are linked to heat. Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress. 4 pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot2. Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity3 and rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical activity for a few hours because more serious conditions
could develop:
Doctors say some people face an increased danger from heat stress. 5
Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure4, poor blood flow, nervousness or depression.
詞匯：
eruption n.爆發(fā)，噴發(fā) vomit v. 嘔吐
deadly adj. 致命的 muscle n. 肌肉
synthetic adj. 合成的
注釋：
1.Make sure the clothing is loose.permitting freedom of movement：衣服一定要寬松，以便活動(dòng)自如。make sure意為“確信，保證”，其后面從旬的謂語(yǔ)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1。如：Make sure the door is locked before you leave。permitting freedom of movement是分詞短語(yǔ)，用作目的狀語(yǔ)。
2.The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot：疼痛是一個(gè)警告，說(shuō)明你的身體過(guò)熱。that the body is becoming too hot是同位語(yǔ)從句，與warnin9同位，說(shuō)明warnin9的內(nèi)容。
3.physical activity：體力活動(dòng)
4.Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure…：炎熱天氣對(duì)于那些必須服藥以控制血壓的人……也增力n-J"危險(xiǎn)性。
練習(xí)：
A Such persons have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system.
B Several of these conditions are present at the same time.
C Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress.
D Several hot days are considered a heat wave.
E So does extreme heat.
F Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat.
答案與題解：
1.E本文的標(biāo)題是Heat Is Killer，通篇文章說(shuō)的是heat的危害性及預(yù)防方法?！翱誰(shuí)”前面的句子說(shuō)，“Floods，storms，volcano eruptions and other natural events kill thousands of people every year”，“空l(shuí)”后面的句子說(shuō)，“…h(huán)eat may be nature’s deadliest killer”。將兩個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的意思匯總來(lái)看，floods，storms，volcano eruptions和高溫都是殺手，而以高溫更烈?！翱誰(shuí)”的句子一定與“殺手”有關(guān)。五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有+E符合這個(gè)條件，所以E是答案。
2.D“空2”后面的句子說(shuō)到heat waves，而選項(xiàng)D的句子中也出現(xiàn)heat wave，說(shuō)明這兩個(gè)句子意思上有聯(lián)系?！翱?”的句子是對(duì)“heat wave”下定義，為下一句的展開(kāi)作了鋪墊。D是答案。
3.F第一段末尾說(shuō)，熱浪期間，當(dāng)黑夜與白天溫差不大，對(duì)人體傷害很大。第二段就列舉了許多保護(hù)自己免受高溫傷害的方法?！翱?”的句子應(yīng)該是位于段首的概括句。選項(xiàng)F說(shuō)人們有多種辦法保護(hù)自己，完全符合要求，因此是答案。
4.C緊跟“空4”后面句子中有特指的the pain，說(shuō)明前文一定出現(xiàn)過(guò)pain這個(gè)詞。選項(xiàng)C的句子中有pain，且C的句子填人后，上下文意思連貫，所以是答案。
5.A“空5”前面的句子說(shuō)：某些人在熱浪期間特別危險(xiǎn)。讀者或許會(huì)問(wèn)，是哪些人呢?選項(xiàng)A回答了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，所以是答案。
Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills
American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation. They found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists believe that1 could help children with learning disabilities.
1 . She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. This process is not much different from learning how to speak. 2
She further explains musical training and learning to speak each make us think about what we are doing2. She says speech and music pass through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem. 3 . Until recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed. But Professor Kranss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.
The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability. They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity. The Individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument -- the cello. 4 . The study found that the more years of training people had, the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music3. Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events was the strongest. 5 She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they hear sentences and understand facial expressions better.
詞匯：
retardation n. 滯后 cello n. 大提琴
note n. 音符 rhythm n. 節(jié)奏
electrode n. 電極 sensory adj. 知覺(jué)的，感官的
注釋：
1.scientists believe that could help children with learning disabilities：科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練、對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)上有障礙的兒童有幫助。that是從句“that could help children with learning disabilities”中的主語(yǔ)。that指代上一句的developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak。with learning disabilities是定語(yǔ)，修飾children。
2.musical training and learning to speak each make US think about what we are doin9：音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練和學(xué)習(xí)說(shuō)話這兩者都使我們思考我們正在所做的事。each指musical trainin9和learning to speak中的任何一個(gè)。句子的主語(yǔ)是musical training and learning to speak，所以，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)的。
3.the more years of training people had，the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music：人們接受音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練的年份越長(zhǎng)，其對(duì)音樂(lè)聲音和節(jié)奏的敏感性也越高。people是前半旬中的主語(yǔ)。
練習(xí)：
A Both involve different senses.
B Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist (~E~:~) at Northwestern University in Illinois.
C Some disabled children attended~ the musical training Class.
D It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities.
E Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech.
F The brain stem controls our ability to hear.
答案與題解：
1.B “空l(shuí)”后面的句子的主語(yǔ)是代詞she，說(shuō)明“空l(shuí)”的句子中有一個(gè)女性的名字。選項(xiàng)B有Nina Kraus(Nina“尼娜”是女性名字)，句子的內(nèi)容是介紹Nina Kraus，與后面句子的意思配得上。B是答案。
2.A 本段的第二、三句說(shuō)，音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練和學(xué)習(xí)這兩件事沒(méi)有什么很大的不同。選項(xiàng)A的“Both
involve different senses”解釋了為什么這么說(shuō)，因?yàn)閮烧叨忌婕安煌母泄?，也就是上文所列舉的“hearing music”(耳聽(tīng))，“l(fā)ooking at musical notes/watching other musicians”(眼看)，“touching an instrument”(手觸)等。
3.F 在六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)F的句子中出現(xiàn)特指的the brain stem，說(shuō)明前文已出現(xiàn)過(guò)這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)。這是篇章寫作中常用的詞匯連接方式。從意義上看，選項(xiàng)F的句子是解釋上文提到的brain stem的功能。上下文意思連貫，所以是答案。
4.E 同上面第三題的解釋一樣，選項(xiàng)E的句子中出現(xiàn)特指的the cellos，與上一句的cello相呼應(yīng)，該句說(shuō)明科學(xué)家為什么要選擇大提琴作為音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練的樂(lè)器，上下文意思連貫，所以E是答案。 ，
5.D 最后一段介紹音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練的方法和結(jié)果，以及對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)聯(lián)和影響。選項(xiàng)D表達(dá)的意思
是音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練的結(jié)果和對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)上有障礙的兒童所產(chǎn)生的正面影響，意思與其前后兩句的意思完全配合，D是答案。