Tethys 土衛(wèi)三(中英)

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Tethys is the ninth of Saturn's known satellites:
    orbit: 294,660 km from Saturn
    diameter: 1060 km
    mass: 6.22e20 kg
    In Greek mythology Tethys was a Titaness and sea goddess who was both sister and wife of Oceanus.
    Discovered by Cassini in 1684.
    Tethys' low density indicates that it is almost completely composed of water ice, similar to Dione and Rhea.
    The western hemisphere is dominated by a huge impact crater, called Odysseus, whose 400 km diameter is nearly 2/5 of that of Tethys itself (right). That such an impact didn't shatter Tethys completely indicates that it may have been liquid or at least not very solid at the time. The crater is now quite flat (or more precisely, it conforms to Tethys' spherical shape), like the craters on Callisto, without the high ring mountains and central peaks commonly seen on the Moon and Mercury.
    The second major feature seen on Tethys is a huge valley (called Ithaca Chasma) 100 km wide and 3 to 5 km deep which runs 2000 km or 3/4 of the way around Tethys' circumference (above).
    Clearly then, Tethys has not always been frozen solid. At some point in its past it was probably liquid. The impact craters from that era have been smoothed out. As it froze and expanded, the surface must have cracked to accommodate the extra volume producing Ithaca Chasma. The smaller impact craters we see today are more recent.
    There are no albedo features on Tethys as there are on Rhea and Dione.
    Telesto and Calypso orbit in Tethys' Lagrange points (60 degrees ahead and behind Tethys in the same orbit).
    Tethys 距土星第九遠已知衛(wèi)星:
    公轉(zhuǎn)軌道:距土星 294,660 千米
    衛(wèi)星直徑:1060 千米
    質(zhì)量:6.22e20 千克
    在希臘神話里,Tethys是一個女巨人也是一個女海神,是大洋神俄亥阿諾斯的妹妹、并是他的妻子。
    它在1684年由卡西尼發(fā)現(xiàn)。
    土衛(wèi)三的低密度表明它是幾乎全部由水和冰組成,這與土衛(wèi)四和土衛(wèi)五十分相象。
    它的西半球有一座巨大的稱為Odysseus的由撞擊產(chǎn)生的隕石坑,它的400千米的直徑相當于土衛(wèi)三本射的40%(見右圖)。這么巨大的撞擊沒有乇底地撞碎土衛(wèi)三,表明它可能在當時是液狀的或者至少不是真正的固態(tài)。這個隕石現(xiàn)在是相當平坦的(或者說它已趨向于土衛(wèi)三的球狀),這就像在木衛(wèi)四上的隕石坑,沒有在月球和水星上能普遍看到的很高的環(huán)形山和中心頂點。
    第二個在土衛(wèi)三上看到的主要地貌是巨大的山谷(叫做Ithaca Chasma)。它有100千米寬,3到5千米深,全長2000千米或者說是土衛(wèi)三周長的四分之三(上圖)。
    很清楚,土衛(wèi)三不是一直是凝結(jié)的固體。在它過去的某些時刻,它可能是液態(tài)的。歷由碰撞產(chǎn)生的隕石坑已經(jīng)平滑了,隨著它的凝固和膨脹,它的表面可能裂開而產(chǎn)生額外的容量,這樣便產(chǎn)生了Ithaca Chasma。其余一些小的為我們現(xiàn)在所看到的撞擊出的隕石坑都較年輕。
    像在土衛(wèi)四和土衛(wèi)五上一樣,在土衛(wèi)三上沒有反照率特征。
    土衛(wèi)十三和土衛(wèi)十四的軌道在土衛(wèi)三的拉格朗日點上(在同一軌道上,前或后的60度位置)。
    土衛(wèi)三由卡西尼于1684年發(fā)現(xiàn)。它的冰質(zhì)星體構(gòu)造與土衛(wèi)四、土衛(wèi)五相似。密度為1.21 克/立方厘米,表明它幾乎全由冰水組成。它的冰質(zhì)表面上環(huán)形山密布,有些是因冰里的斷層所致。土衛(wèi)三有個巨大的溝渠,寬65千米(40英里),從中心上部一直延伸到左側(cè),覆蓋土衛(wèi)三整個圓周的四分之三。這個裂縫的長度大致是科學家所能推測土衛(wèi)三過去是不是有液態(tài)存在、外殼比內(nèi)核先變硬的長度。峽谷被命名為 Ithaca Chasma。一片巨大寬闊相對年輕的平原在土衛(wèi)三上也存在。土衛(wèi)三的表面溫度為-187° C (-305° F)。
    土衛(wèi)三狀態(tài)
    發(fā)現(xiàn)者  卡西尼 
    發(fā)現(xiàn)日期  1684  
    質(zhì)量(千克)  7.55e+20  
    質(zhì)量比(地球為1)  1.2634e-04  
    赤道半徑(千米)  530  
    赤道半徑比(地球為1)  8.3098e-02  
    平均密度(克/立方厘米)  1.21  
    距土星比均距離(千米)  294,660  
    自轉(zhuǎn)周期(天)  1.887802  
    公轉(zhuǎn)周期(天)  1.887802  
    平均公轉(zhuǎn)速度(千米/秒)  11.36  
    公轉(zhuǎn)偏心率  0.0000  
    公轉(zhuǎn)傾斜角(度)  1.09  
    脫離速度(千米/秒)  0.436  
    可視幾何反照率  0.9  
    可見星等  10.2  
    表面平均溫度  -187°C