Space probe
閱讀提示：空間探測器（Space probe）是用于探測外太空的飛行器。探測器通常用于執(zhí)行某一特定的任務(wù)。
A space probe is an unmanned space mission in which a spacecraft leaves Earth's orbit. The first successful space probe was the Soviet Luna 1, which studied the Moon in 1959. Subsequently, space agencies in the United States, Europe and Japan have flown probes to nearly every planet in the solar system and several asteroids and comets.
Lunar probes
Luna program - Soviet Lunar exploration (1959-1976).
Ranger program - US Lunar hard-landing probes (1961-1965).
Zond program - Soviet Lunar exploration (1964-1970).
Surveyor program - US Lunar soft-landing probe (1966-1968).
Lunar Orbiter program - US Lunar orbital (1966-1967).
Lunokhod program - Soviet Lunar Rover probes (1970-1973).
Muses-A mission (Hiten and Hagoromo) - Japanese Lunar orbital and hard-landing probes (1990-1993).
Clementine - US Lunar orbital (1998).
Lunar Prospector - US Lunar orbital (1998-1999).
Smart 1 - European Lunar orbital (2003).
LUNAR-A - Japanese lunar orbiter and penetrators, launch scheduled for 2004 but delayed ever since.
SELENE - Japanese lunar orbiter and lander, launch postponed to Jan 2006.
Mars probes
Zond program - failed Soviet flyby probe
Mars probe program - Soviet orbiters and landers
Viking program - Two US orbiters and landers (1974)
Phobos program - Failed Soviet orbiters and Phobos landers
Mars Pathfinder - Lander and wheeled robot (1996)
Mars Surveyor '98 program (Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander) - Failed US probes
Mars Odyssey - US orbiter
Mars Observer - failed US Mars orbiter
Mars Express (Mars Express Orbiter and Beagle 2) - European orbiter and failed lander 2003)
Mars Exploration Rovers - US rovers (2004-present)
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter - US, launched 2005
Mars Science Laboratory - US, to be launched 2009
General solar system probes
Venera program - Soviet Venus orbiter and lander
Vega program - Soviet mission to Venus and Comet Halley
Zond program - Soviet flyby missions to the Moon, Venus, and Mars
Pioneer Venus project - US Venus orbiter
Mariner program - US Mercury, Venus and Mars flybys
Pioneer program - US Jupiter and Saturn flybys
Voyager program - US Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune flyby and study of interstellar space
Giotto mission - European flyby of Comet Halley (1986)
Sakigake probe - Japanese flyby of Comet Halley (1986)
Suisei probe - Japanese flyby of Comet Halley (1986)
Galileo probe - US Jupiter orbiter and atmosphere probe
Magellan probe - US Venus orbiter
Cassini-Huygens - US-European Saturn orbiter and Titan lander Huygens (1997-present)
NEAR Shoemaker - US asteroid lander, launched 1996
Deep Space 1 - US comet/asteroid flyby, 1998-2000
Stardust probe - US comet flyby and sample return, launched 1999, expected return 2006
Genesis - first solar wind sample return mission, 1991-2004 (crash)
CONTOUR - US comet flyby mission; launch failure in 2003
Hayabusa - Japanese asteroid orbiter, lander and sample return, launched 2003
Rosetta - European comet orbiter and lander (Philae); launched 2004
MESSENGER - US Mercury orbiter, launched 2004
Deep Impact - successful US comet impactor, launched 2005
Venus Express - ESA probe to be sent for the observation of the Venus's weather in 2005.
Dawn - US Ceres and Vesta orbiter, to be launched in 2006
閱讀提示：空間探測器（Space probe）是用于探測外太空的飛行器。探測器通常用于執(zhí)行某一特定的任務(wù)。
A space probe is an unmanned space mission in which a spacecraft leaves Earth's orbit. The first successful space probe was the Soviet Luna 1, which studied the Moon in 1959. Subsequently, space agencies in the United States, Europe and Japan have flown probes to nearly every planet in the solar system and several asteroids and comets.
Lunar probes
Luna program - Soviet Lunar exploration (1959-1976).
Ranger program - US Lunar hard-landing probes (1961-1965).
Zond program - Soviet Lunar exploration (1964-1970).
Surveyor program - US Lunar soft-landing probe (1966-1968).
Lunar Orbiter program - US Lunar orbital (1966-1967).
Lunokhod program - Soviet Lunar Rover probes (1970-1973).
Muses-A mission (Hiten and Hagoromo) - Japanese Lunar orbital and hard-landing probes (1990-1993).
Clementine - US Lunar orbital (1998).
Lunar Prospector - US Lunar orbital (1998-1999).
Smart 1 - European Lunar orbital (2003).
LUNAR-A - Japanese lunar orbiter and penetrators, launch scheduled for 2004 but delayed ever since.
SELENE - Japanese lunar orbiter and lander, launch postponed to Jan 2006.
Mars probes
Zond program - failed Soviet flyby probe
Mars probe program - Soviet orbiters and landers
Viking program - Two US orbiters and landers (1974)
Phobos program - Failed Soviet orbiters and Phobos landers
Mars Pathfinder - Lander and wheeled robot (1996)
Mars Surveyor '98 program (Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander) - Failed US probes
Mars Odyssey - US orbiter
Mars Observer - failed US Mars orbiter
Mars Express (Mars Express Orbiter and Beagle 2) - European orbiter and failed lander 2003)
Mars Exploration Rovers - US rovers (2004-present)
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter - US, launched 2005
Mars Science Laboratory - US, to be launched 2009
General solar system probes
Venera program - Soviet Venus orbiter and lander
Vega program - Soviet mission to Venus and Comet Halley
Zond program - Soviet flyby missions to the Moon, Venus, and Mars
Pioneer Venus project - US Venus orbiter
Mariner program - US Mercury, Venus and Mars flybys
Pioneer program - US Jupiter and Saturn flybys
Voyager program - US Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune flyby and study of interstellar space
Giotto mission - European flyby of Comet Halley (1986)
Sakigake probe - Japanese flyby of Comet Halley (1986)
Suisei probe - Japanese flyby of Comet Halley (1986)
Galileo probe - US Jupiter orbiter and atmosphere probe
Magellan probe - US Venus orbiter
Cassini-Huygens - US-European Saturn orbiter and Titan lander Huygens (1997-present)
NEAR Shoemaker - US asteroid lander, launched 1996
Deep Space 1 - US comet/asteroid flyby, 1998-2000
Stardust probe - US comet flyby and sample return, launched 1999, expected return 2006
Genesis - first solar wind sample return mission, 1991-2004 (crash)
CONTOUR - US comet flyby mission; launch failure in 2003
Hayabusa - Japanese asteroid orbiter, lander and sample return, launched 2003
Rosetta - European comet orbiter and lander (Philae); launched 2004
MESSENGER - US Mercury orbiter, launched 2004
Deep Impact - successful US comet impactor, launched 2005
Venus Express - ESA probe to be sent for the observation of the Venus's weather in 2005.
Dawn - US Ceres and Vesta orbiter, to be launched in 2006