Ⅴ. Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chi-
nese. (15 points)
(71 ) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary
mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned
about and given precise and exact expianation. There is no more difference, but there is just the
same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordi-
nary person , as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing
out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and com-
plex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. (72) It is not that the scales in
the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner
of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its
measurement than the former.
You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. (73) You
have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (歸納法) and deduc-
tion, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature
certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they buiLd up their
theories. (74) And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no
means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special train-
ing. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be
constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms,
you will discover that you are quite wrong , and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by
yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.
There is a well-known incident in one of Motiere's plays, where the author makes the hero
express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) during the whole
of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves,
on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy
during the same period. (75)Plobably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had
occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree,as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.
Ⅵ .Writing ( 15 pnints)
DIRECfIONS :
A. TitLe: ADVERTISEMENT ON TV
B. Time limit:40 minutes
C. Word limit: 120 - 150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
D. Your composition should be based at the OUTLINE below and should start with the given
opening sentence: "Today more and more advertisement are seen on the TV screen. "
E. Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.
OUTLINE :
l. Present state
2. Reasons
3 . My comments
參考答案：
Ⅰ. l. D 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. B
6. D 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. B
11. C 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D
16. A ' 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. D
21. D 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. A
26. B 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. B
Ⅱ. 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. D
36. C 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. B
41. D 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. A
Ⅲ. 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. D
51. C 52. A 53. C. 54. B 55. D
56. A 57. B 58. D 59. C. 60. B
Ⅳ. 61 . (C) made 66. (A) having blamed
62. (A) educationally 67. (B) have we seen
63. (A) have taken 68. (C) into the writing
64. (B) (should) be assigned 69. (D) to pay them
65. (B) written 70. (C) wlth the result
Ⅴ.
71．科學(xué)研究的方法不過是人類思維活動的必要表達方式，也就是對一切現(xiàn)象進行思索并給以精確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)解釋的表達方式。
72．這并不是說面包師或賣肉者所用的磅秤和化學(xué)家所用的天平在構(gòu)造原理或工作方式上存在差別，而是說與前者相比，后者是一種更精密得多的裝置，因而在計量上必然更準(zhǔn)確得多。
73．你們都多次聽說過，科學(xué)家是用歸納法和演繹法工作的，他們用這些方法，在某種意義上說，力求從自然界找出某些自然規(guī)律，然后他們根據(jù)這些規(guī)律，用自己的某種非同一般的本領(lǐng)，建立起他們的理論。
74．許多人以為，普通人的思維活動根本無法與科學(xué)家的思維過程相比，認(rèn)為這些思維過程必須經(jīng)過某種專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。
75．在座的諸位中，大概不會有人一整天都沒有機會進行一連串復(fù)雜的思考活動，這些思考活動與科學(xué)家在探索自然現(xiàn)象原因時所經(jīng)歷的思考活動，盡管復(fù)雜程度不同，但在類型上是完全一樣的
nese. (15 points)
(71 ) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary
mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned
about and given precise and exact expianation. There is no more difference, but there is just the
same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordi-
nary person , as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing
out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and com-
plex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. (72) It is not that the scales in
the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner
of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its
measurement than the former.
You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. (73) You
have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (歸納法) and deduc-
tion, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature
certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they buiLd up their
theories. (74) And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no
means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special train-
ing. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be
constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms,
you will discover that you are quite wrong , and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by
yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.
There is a well-known incident in one of Motiere's plays, where the author makes the hero
express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) during the whole
of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves,
on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy
during the same period. (75)Plobably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had
occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree,as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.
Ⅵ .Writing ( 15 pnints)
DIRECfIONS :
A. TitLe: ADVERTISEMENT ON TV
B. Time limit:40 minutes
C. Word limit: 120 - 150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
D. Your composition should be based at the OUTLINE below and should start with the given
opening sentence: "Today more and more advertisement are seen on the TV screen. "
E. Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.
OUTLINE :
l. Present state
2. Reasons
3 . My comments
參考答案：
Ⅰ. l. D 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. B
6. D 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. B
11. C 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D
16. A ' 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. D
21. D 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. A
26. B 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. B
Ⅱ. 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. D
36. C 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. B
41. D 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. A
Ⅲ. 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. D
51. C 52. A 53. C. 54. B 55. D
56. A 57. B 58. D 59. C. 60. B
Ⅳ. 61 . (C) made 66. (A) having blamed
62. (A) educationally 67. (B) have we seen
63. (A) have taken 68. (C) into the writing
64. (B) (should) be assigned 69. (D) to pay them
65. (B) written 70. (C) wlth the result
Ⅴ.
71．科學(xué)研究的方法不過是人類思維活動的必要表達方式，也就是對一切現(xiàn)象進行思索并給以精確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)解釋的表達方式。
72．這并不是說面包師或賣肉者所用的磅秤和化學(xué)家所用的天平在構(gòu)造原理或工作方式上存在差別，而是說與前者相比，后者是一種更精密得多的裝置，因而在計量上必然更準(zhǔn)確得多。
73．你們都多次聽說過，科學(xué)家是用歸納法和演繹法工作的，他們用這些方法，在某種意義上說，力求從自然界找出某些自然規(guī)律，然后他們根據(jù)這些規(guī)律，用自己的某種非同一般的本領(lǐng)，建立起他們的理論。
74．許多人以為，普通人的思維活動根本無法與科學(xué)家的思維過程相比，認(rèn)為這些思維過程必須經(jīng)過某種專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。
75．在座的諸位中，大概不會有人一整天都沒有機會進行一連串復(fù)雜的思考活動，這些思考活動與科學(xué)家在探索自然現(xiàn)象原因時所經(jīng)歷的思考活動，盡管復(fù)雜程度不同，但在類型上是完全一樣的