1. 使用比較等級的基本原則。不作比較用原級,兩者比較用比較級,多者比較用級:
Who runs faster, you or Tom? 你和湯姆誰跑得快一點?
He eats more quickly than I do. 他比我吃得快。
He sings the best in the class. 他是這個班唱得的。
比較以下句子:
He walks very fast. 他走路很快。(盡管“很快”,但沒有比較,故用原級)
He walks very slow, but still faster than you. 盡管他走得很慢,但比你快。
Though they walk very slow, Jim walks the fastest of all of them. 雖然他們都走得很慢,但吉姆是他們當中走得最快的。
2. 不能使用雙重比較等級。即構(gòu)成比較級時不能既加詞尾-er,又在其前加more;構(gòu)成級時不能既在詞尾加-est,又在其前加most,如不能說more better, most earliest 等:
誤:He speaks English more better than you.
正:He speaks English much better than you. 他說英語比你說得好多了。
誤:He gets up more earlier than me. (from www.zkenglish.com)
正:He gets up much earlier than I do. 他起床比我早得多。
但是,“比較級+and+比較級”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)卻是經(jīng)??捎玫谋磉_:
He played it better and better. 他彈得越來越好。
It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越來越大。
3. 使用比較等級要合乎邏輯。請看兩組正誤句:
His watch goes faster than ______.
A. me
B. I
C. my
D. mine
答案應(yīng)選D,而不是A或B,本句的意思是在比較兩個人的表,一個走得快一個走得慢。從邏輯上說,應(yīng)該是兩個人的表進行比較,即將his watch與mine (=my watch)進行比較,而不能將his watch與me或I進行比較。
4. 副詞級前是否用the。一般說來,副詞級前的the可以用也可以省略:
Who did it best? 誰做得?
They work (the) hardest. 他們工作最努力。
He swam the farthest? 他游得最遠(from www.zkenglish.com)。
【注】當要對同一個人或事物在不同情況下進行對比時,副詞級前也不能加the:
He sings best when he is with his girlfriend. 他與他的女朋友在一起時唱得。
She works hardest when she’s doing something for her family. 她為自己家干活時最賣力。
比較:Of all the workers, he works (the) hardest. 在所有工人中,他干活最賣力。
5. as…as 結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)的基本意思是“與…一樣”,其中接副詞原級,不能接比較級或級:
He comes to school as early as me. 他與我來校一樣早。
He swims as fast as the others. 他游泳與其他人一樣快。
【注】在否定句中,第一個 as 也可換成 so:
He doesn’t study as [so] hard as his brother. 他學習不如他弟弟努力。
有時該結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)情況可受 (not) nearly, almost, just, not quite, half, twice, three times等詞語的修飾,但是注意這些修飾語必須置于第一個as之前,而不能置于其后:
正:I don’t speak half as well as you. 我講得不如你一半好。
誤:I don’t speak as half well as you. / I don’t speak as well half as you.
Who runs faster, you or Tom? 你和湯姆誰跑得快一點?
He eats more quickly than I do. 他比我吃得快。
He sings the best in the class. 他是這個班唱得的。
比較以下句子:
He walks very fast. 他走路很快。(盡管“很快”,但沒有比較,故用原級)
He walks very slow, but still faster than you. 盡管他走得很慢,但比你快。
Though they walk very slow, Jim walks the fastest of all of them. 雖然他們都走得很慢,但吉姆是他們當中走得最快的。
2. 不能使用雙重比較等級。即構(gòu)成比較級時不能既加詞尾-er,又在其前加more;構(gòu)成級時不能既在詞尾加-est,又在其前加most,如不能說more better, most earliest 等:
誤:He speaks English more better than you.
正:He speaks English much better than you. 他說英語比你說得好多了。
誤:He gets up more earlier than me. (from www.zkenglish.com)
正:He gets up much earlier than I do. 他起床比我早得多。
但是,“比較級+and+比較級”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)卻是經(jīng)??捎玫谋磉_:
He played it better and better. 他彈得越來越好。
It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越來越大。
3. 使用比較等級要合乎邏輯。請看兩組正誤句:
His watch goes faster than ______.
A. me
B. I
C. my
D. mine
答案應(yīng)選D,而不是A或B,本句的意思是在比較兩個人的表,一個走得快一個走得慢。從邏輯上說,應(yīng)該是兩個人的表進行比較,即將his watch與mine (=my watch)進行比較,而不能將his watch與me或I進行比較。
4. 副詞級前是否用the。一般說來,副詞級前的the可以用也可以省略:
Who did it best? 誰做得?
They work (the) hardest. 他們工作最努力。
He swam the farthest? 他游得最遠(from www.zkenglish.com)。
【注】當要對同一個人或事物在不同情況下進行對比時,副詞級前也不能加the:
He sings best when he is with his girlfriend. 他與他的女朋友在一起時唱得。
She works hardest when she’s doing something for her family. 她為自己家干活時最賣力。
比較:Of all the workers, he works (the) hardest. 在所有工人中,他干活最賣力。
5. as…as 結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)的基本意思是“與…一樣”,其中接副詞原級,不能接比較級或級:
He comes to school as early as me. 他與我來校一樣早。
He swims as fast as the others. 他游泳與其他人一樣快。
【注】在否定句中,第一個 as 也可換成 so:
He doesn’t study as [so] hard as his brother. 他學習不如他弟弟努力。
有時該結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)情況可受 (not) nearly, almost, just, not quite, half, twice, three times等詞語的修飾,但是注意這些修飾語必須置于第一個as之前,而不能置于其后:
正:I don’t speak half as well as you. 我講得不如你一半好。
誤:I don’t speak as half well as you. / I don’t speak as well half as you.