所謂非謂語動(dòng)詞，是指不能作謂語的動(dòng)詞，也不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制，但具有動(dòng)詞的某些特征，不僅可以接賓語，而且還有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。此外它可以做主語、表語、賓語、賓補(bǔ)、定語、狀語和同位語。非謂語動(dòng)詞不僅是語法學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是GCT必考的語法知識(shí)。其具體表現(xiàn)形式有三種：1. 動(dòng)詞不定式 to + V ; 2. 動(dòng)名詞 V-ing; 3. 過去分詞 V-ed 。 三者的核心含義和區(qū)別如下：
動(dòng)詞不定式 to + V 一般用來表示目的或結(jié)果，或者某個(gè)具體的動(dòng)作。
動(dòng)名詞 V-ing 一般用來表示動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)概念和進(jìn)行意義。
過去分詞 V-ed 一般用來表示動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)概念和完成意義。
（一）關(guān)于動(dòng)詞不定式的考點(diǎn)
考點(diǎn)一：直接接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞
這一類動(dòng)詞往往表示請(qǐng)求、要求、選擇、決定、打算、企圖等
afford, agree, aak, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, hate, help, hesitate, hinder, intend, learn, manage, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, refuse, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, want
He pledged never to come back until he had made great success.
I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes. 我對(duì)花那么多錢買衣服猶豫不決。
考點(diǎn)二：在下列情況下常用不帶（或省略）to的動(dòng)詞不定式：
1. 感官動(dòng)詞后面：feel, listen, hear, look at, notice, see, watch, observe, perceive
I saw a man enter the shop.
2. 表示使役意義的動(dòng)詞，如：have, let, make
The teacher has us write a composition every week.
3. 一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面：had better, would rather…than…，would sooner…than…，rather than, may well do，may as well do (還是…好了)，can not but…，can not help but…
Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi.
We might as well put up here for tonight.
4. 在do (did, does, done) nothing (anything, everything )but (except) do 句型中
I can do nothing but follow your advice.
如果but或except之前沒有do，其后的to 不能省略。
There is no choice but to wait and see.
5. 由 all, what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句或者主語被only, first, one, least 或形容詞級(jí)修飾時(shí)，而且從句中含有do時(shí)，其表語如果是動(dòng)詞不定式，則往往省去to。
What I have to do is take a rest.
The only thing I could do was do it myself.
6. 由并列連詞and，except, but, than, or 連接兩個(gè)以上的具有相同意義或功能的不定式時(shí)，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。
I’d like to stay with you, help you and learn from you.
She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back.
To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 嘗試而失敗也比不嘗試好。
注意：如果兩個(gè)不定式表示對(duì)照或?qū)Ρ?，則不能省略to。
He hasn’t decided weather to quit or to stay. 他還沒有決定是去還是留。
To be or not to be, that is a question. 是生存還是死亡，這是一個(gè)問題。
動(dòng)詞不定式 to + V 一般用來表示目的或結(jié)果，或者某個(gè)具體的動(dòng)作。
動(dòng)名詞 V-ing 一般用來表示動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)概念和進(jìn)行意義。
過去分詞 V-ed 一般用來表示動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)概念和完成意義。
（一）關(guān)于動(dòng)詞不定式的考點(diǎn)
考點(diǎn)一：直接接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞
這一類動(dòng)詞往往表示請(qǐng)求、要求、選擇、決定、打算、企圖等
afford, agree, aak, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, hate, help, hesitate, hinder, intend, learn, manage, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, refuse, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, want
He pledged never to come back until he had made great success.
I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes. 我對(duì)花那么多錢買衣服猶豫不決。
考點(diǎn)二：在下列情況下常用不帶（或省略）to的動(dòng)詞不定式：
1. 感官動(dòng)詞后面：feel, listen, hear, look at, notice, see, watch, observe, perceive
I saw a man enter the shop.
2. 表示使役意義的動(dòng)詞，如：have, let, make
The teacher has us write a composition every week.
3. 一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面：had better, would rather…than…，would sooner…than…，rather than, may well do，may as well do (還是…好了)，can not but…，can not help but…
Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi.
We might as well put up here for tonight.
4. 在do (did, does, done) nothing (anything, everything )but (except) do 句型中
I can do nothing but follow your advice.
如果but或except之前沒有do，其后的to 不能省略。
There is no choice but to wait and see.
5. 由 all, what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句或者主語被only, first, one, least 或形容詞級(jí)修飾時(shí)，而且從句中含有do時(shí)，其表語如果是動(dòng)詞不定式，則往往省去to。
What I have to do is take a rest.
The only thing I could do was do it myself.
6. 由并列連詞and，except, but, than, or 連接兩個(gè)以上的具有相同意義或功能的不定式時(shí)，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。
I’d like to stay with you, help you and learn from you.
She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back.
To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 嘗試而失敗也比不嘗試好。
注意：如果兩個(gè)不定式表示對(duì)照或?qū)Ρ?，則不能省略to。
He hasn’t decided weather to quit or to stay. 他還沒有決定是去還是留。
To be or not to be, that is a question. 是生存還是死亡，這是一個(gè)問題。