（三）檢測考生對(duì)由各種詞類構(gòu)成的詞組及短語的認(rèn)知與運(yùn)用的能力
英語中詞組及短語的構(gòu)成是一種極為復(fù)雜的語言現(xiàn)象，如動(dòng)詞 +副詞，動(dòng)詞+介詞，動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞；名詞+介詞，形容詞+介詞，介詞+名詞+介詞等等?？忌谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意積累，因?yàn)檫@些詞組我們一般無法從字面意義上來猜測它們，這樣就增加了試題的難度，只有熟悉它們才能在考試中應(yīng)付裕如。請(qǐng)看下列例題：
(1). The _________ with the project in spite of the difficulties in the course.
A. carried off B. carried out C. carried on D. carried forward
【答案】C
【解析】本題中A項(xiàng)為“獲得, 成功對(duì)付”之意，B為“貫徹，實(shí)施”，D意為“發(fā)揚(yáng)”，惟有C項(xiàng)能與介詞with連用，表示“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行”，故選項(xiàng)C為正確選項(xiàng)。
(2). Of course, the children look unhealthy. Their mother can’t afford to _________ them ________ decent meals, not to speak meat and fish regularly.
A. fed ... on B. feed ... on C. grew ... on D. grow ... on
【答案】B
【解析】該題中B項(xiàng)意為“靠 … 為食，喂養(yǎng)”，是一個(gè)固定詞組的搭配形式。
(3). During the past few years the prices have __________ by nearly 10%.
A. gone up B. grew up C. got up D. put up
【答案】A
【解析】本題中所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：A“上升”，B為“成長”，C為“起床，起來”，D為“搭建”，根據(jù)題干意思“在過去的幾年里，物價(jià)上漲了10%”，故選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。
(4). Yesterday night we had several guests visit us, we had to __________ until 3.
A. put up B. set up C. sat up D. stayed up
【答案】D
【解析】題干后四個(gè)短語的含義分別為：A “搭建，建造”，B 為“豎立, 架起”，C 為“坐起, 端坐”，D“熬夜”。故而D符合題意。
(5). Mrs. Smith went on a diet and in two months ___________ her weight to 100 pounds.
A. brought out B. brought off C. brought down D. brought up
【答案】C
【解析】本題的四個(gè)詞組意義分別為：A “出版, 生產(chǎn)”，B “救出, 完成”, C “降低”, D “教育, 培養(yǎng)”，根據(jù)句子意思“史密斯夫人正在減肥，兩個(gè)月體重降至100磅”，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。
英語中詞組及短語的構(gòu)成是一種極為復(fù)雜的語言現(xiàn)象，如動(dòng)詞 +副詞，動(dòng)詞+介詞，動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞；名詞+介詞，形容詞+介詞，介詞+名詞+介詞等等?？忌谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意積累，因?yàn)檫@些詞組我們一般無法從字面意義上來猜測它們，這樣就增加了試題的難度，只有熟悉它們才能在考試中應(yīng)付裕如。請(qǐng)看下列例題：
(1). The _________ with the project in spite of the difficulties in the course.
A. carried off B. carried out C. carried on D. carried forward
【答案】C
【解析】本題中A項(xiàng)為“獲得, 成功對(duì)付”之意，B為“貫徹，實(shí)施”，D意為“發(fā)揚(yáng)”，惟有C項(xiàng)能與介詞with連用，表示“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行”，故選項(xiàng)C為正確選項(xiàng)。
(2). Of course, the children look unhealthy. Their mother can’t afford to _________ them ________ decent meals, not to speak meat and fish regularly.
A. fed ... on B. feed ... on C. grew ... on D. grow ... on
【答案】B
【解析】該題中B項(xiàng)意為“靠 … 為食，喂養(yǎng)”，是一個(gè)固定詞組的搭配形式。
(3). During the past few years the prices have __________ by nearly 10%.
A. gone up B. grew up C. got up D. put up
【答案】A
【解析】本題中所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：A“上升”，B為“成長”，C為“起床，起來”，D為“搭建”，根據(jù)題干意思“在過去的幾年里，物價(jià)上漲了10%”，故選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。
(4). Yesterday night we had several guests visit us, we had to __________ until 3.
A. put up B. set up C. sat up D. stayed up
【答案】D
【解析】題干后四個(gè)短語的含義分別為：A “搭建，建造”，B 為“豎立, 架起”，C 為“坐起, 端坐”，D“熬夜”。故而D符合題意。
(5). Mrs. Smith went on a diet and in two months ___________ her weight to 100 pounds.
A. brought out B. brought off C. brought down D. brought up
【答案】C
【解析】本題的四個(gè)詞組意義分別為：A “出版, 生產(chǎn)”，B “救出, 完成”, C “降低”, D “教育, 培養(yǎng)”，根據(jù)句子意思“史密斯夫人正在減肥，兩個(gè)月體重降至100磅”，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。