III． 做完型填空題的具體辦法
•認(rèn)識(shí)考試基本詞匯（4200以上）是做題的基礎(chǔ)，這是考試前就應(yīng)該解決的問題。在此基礎(chǔ)上，了解一些做題方法，可以有效地提高應(yīng)試能力。根據(jù)考試要求，本項(xiàng)考試既包括詞匯、語法結(jié)構(gòu)，也包括語言連貫性和一致性。下面，我們相應(yīng)地從詞匯語法和語義邏輯兩個(gè)方面作介紹。
•1. 詞匯語法
•1.1 介詞
•1. John looked very much embarrassed when he was caught cheating in the exam the spot.
•[A] on [B] by [C] at [D] in
•這是介詞搭配題，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為介詞，只有on 與the spot搭配表示“現(xiàn)場的”才符合題意。
•介詞是英語里應(yīng)用活躍的詞類之一，常與名詞、動(dòng)詞和形容詞搭配，實(shí)際上多數(shù)習(xí)慣用語都含有介詞。請看下例：
•Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be 1 in a single large building.
•The importance of interior design becomes evident when we realize how much time we 2 surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be as attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect 3 place to be appropriate to its use. You would be shocked if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look 4 the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 5 in a business office that has the appearance of a school.
• It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic 6 is the function of the particular space. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and - 9 -
2005 工程碩士輔導(dǎo) 水木艾迪培訓(xùn)學(xué)校 電話:010-62796032
7 few entries and exits will not work for its purpose, no matter ho w beautifully it might be 8 . Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of 9 . He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. 10 addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served.
•1. [A] consisted [B] contained [C] composed [D] comprised
•2. [A] spend [B] require [C] settle [D] retain
•3. [A] some [B] any [C] this [D]each 4. [A] like [B] for [C] at [D]into 5. [A] correct [B] proper [C] right [D]suitable 6. [A] care [B] concern [C] attention [D]intention 7. [A] too [B] quite [C] a [D]far 8.[A]painted[B]covered[C]ornamented[D]decorated 9. [A] solutions [B] conclusions [C] decisions [D] determinations 10. [A] For [B] In [C] As [D] With
•答案：
•1-5：B A D A C 6-10：B A D C B
•從以上實(shí)例來看，做介詞選項(xiàng)題時(shí)要特別注意，介詞與前面的動(dòng)詞或后面的名詞能否構(gòu)成習(xí)慣用語或成語，如果能，所選項(xiàng)往往就屬于正確答案的范圍。當(dāng)然，還需要從上下文來檢驗(yàn)一下，符合語意就可以確定了。那么，哪些介詞是考生復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)該注意的呢？下面我們作了個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)。
•歷年研究生入學(xué)英語考試（包括統(tǒng)考）cloze考題出現(xiàn)的介詞有（黑體為答案）：
•[A] In [B] On [C] By [D] With [A] for [B] by [C] in [D] through
• [A] like [B] for [C] at [D] into
• [A] For [B] In [C] As [D] With
• [A] of [B] at [C] for [D] on
• [A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with
• [A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By
• [A] at [B] in [C] about [D] for
• [A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with
• [A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards
• [A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by
• [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into
•從以上統(tǒng)計(jì)看，考題中普通介詞出現(xiàn)頻率很高， 其中 with ，in ，by，for 出現(xiàn)率高?？梢?，看起來不起眼的詞匯往往是容易考到的。由于它們?nèi)粘Ｊ褂寐矢?，成為考查的重點(diǎn)也就自然了。在這方面多下工夫很有價(jià)值，有必要把這些介詞的常見搭配進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié)。
•By
•Little by little, year by year,
•by accident, by good luck,
• reduce by half, by mistake,
•by force, by sight (面熟)，
• by means of, by virtue of (憑借)，
•honest by nature, by chance,
•by request (應(yīng)邀)， step by step,
•larger by half (大一半)，
•by way of, by far,
•learn by heart, by air,
•too many by one (多一個(gè))，
•a doctor by profession (職業(yè)為醫(yī)生)，
•For
•Bound for, for all (盡管)，
•for the moment (暫時(shí))，for life (終生)，
•for good (永遠(yuǎn)), answer for （負(fù)責(zé)）,
•be responsible for account for,
•convenient for, necessary for, admiration for, appetite for, candidate for, preference for,
•sympathy for, charge for, demand for,
•Make for, arrange for, crave for,
•yearn for, thirst for, hunt for,
•apply for, wait for, go in for,
•long for, pray for, take for
•famous for, compensation for,
•have a taste for,
•in stock, in particular,
•in terms of, in respect to,
•in the light of (根據(jù))， in time,
•in vain, engaged in,
in honor of, in addition,
in brief, in essence,
in possession of, in part,
in turn, in all,
be indulged in, in general
•With
•in line with, in touch with,
•in contact with, tremble with fear,
•with a firm hand, with the exception of,
•be acquainted with, be busy with,
•be bored with, confronted with,
•Be endowed with (被賦予…),
•concerned with, be satisfied/content with, identical with, strict with,
•compromise with, conflict with,
• encounter with, get along with,
•coincide with, go with,
•match with, keep up with,
•deal with, part with,
•put up with
•認(rèn)識(shí)考試基本詞匯（4200以上）是做題的基礎(chǔ)，這是考試前就應(yīng)該解決的問題。在此基礎(chǔ)上，了解一些做題方法，可以有效地提高應(yīng)試能力。根據(jù)考試要求，本項(xiàng)考試既包括詞匯、語法結(jié)構(gòu)，也包括語言連貫性和一致性。下面，我們相應(yīng)地從詞匯語法和語義邏輯兩個(gè)方面作介紹。
•1. 詞匯語法
•1.1 介詞
•1. John looked very much embarrassed when he was caught cheating in the exam the spot.
•[A] on [B] by [C] at [D] in
•這是介詞搭配題，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為介詞，只有on 與the spot搭配表示“現(xiàn)場的”才符合題意。
•介詞是英語里應(yīng)用活躍的詞類之一，常與名詞、動(dòng)詞和形容詞搭配，實(shí)際上多數(shù)習(xí)慣用語都含有介詞。請看下例：
•Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be 1 in a single large building.
•The importance of interior design becomes evident when we realize how much time we 2 surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be as attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect 3 place to be appropriate to its use. You would be shocked if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look 4 the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 5 in a business office that has the appearance of a school.
• It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic 6 is the function of the particular space. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and - 9 -
2005 工程碩士輔導(dǎo) 水木艾迪培訓(xùn)學(xué)校 電話:010-62796032
7 few entries and exits will not work for its purpose, no matter ho w beautifully it might be 8 . Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of 9 . He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. 10 addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served.
•1. [A] consisted [B] contained [C] composed [D] comprised
•2. [A] spend [B] require [C] settle [D] retain
•3. [A] some [B] any [C] this [D]each 4. [A] like [B] for [C] at [D]into 5. [A] correct [B] proper [C] right [D]suitable 6. [A] care [B] concern [C] attention [D]intention 7. [A] too [B] quite [C] a [D]far 8.[A]painted[B]covered[C]ornamented[D]decorated 9. [A] solutions [B] conclusions [C] decisions [D] determinations 10. [A] For [B] In [C] As [D] With
•答案：
•1-5：B A D A C 6-10：B A D C B
•從以上實(shí)例來看，做介詞選項(xiàng)題時(shí)要特別注意，介詞與前面的動(dòng)詞或后面的名詞能否構(gòu)成習(xí)慣用語或成語，如果能，所選項(xiàng)往往就屬于正確答案的范圍。當(dāng)然，還需要從上下文來檢驗(yàn)一下，符合語意就可以確定了。那么，哪些介詞是考生復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)該注意的呢？下面我們作了個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)。
•歷年研究生入學(xué)英語考試（包括統(tǒng)考）cloze考題出現(xiàn)的介詞有（黑體為答案）：
•[A] In [B] On [C] By [D] With [A] for [B] by [C] in [D] through
• [A] like [B] for [C] at [D] into
• [A] For [B] In [C] As [D] With
• [A] of [B] at [C] for [D] on
• [A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with
• [A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By
• [A] at [B] in [C] about [D] for
• [A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with
• [A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards
• [A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by
• [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into
•從以上統(tǒng)計(jì)看，考題中普通介詞出現(xiàn)頻率很高， 其中 with ，in ，by，for 出現(xiàn)率高?？梢?，看起來不起眼的詞匯往往是容易考到的。由于它們?nèi)粘Ｊ褂寐矢?，成為考查的重點(diǎn)也就自然了。在這方面多下工夫很有價(jià)值，有必要把這些介詞的常見搭配進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié)。
•By
•Little by little, year by year,
•by accident, by good luck,
• reduce by half, by mistake,
•by force, by sight (面熟)，
• by means of, by virtue of (憑借)，
•honest by nature, by chance,
•by request (應(yīng)邀)， step by step,
•larger by half (大一半)，
•by way of, by far,
•learn by heart, by air,
•too many by one (多一個(gè))，
•a doctor by profession (職業(yè)為醫(yī)生)，
•For
•Bound for, for all (盡管)，
•for the moment (暫時(shí))，for life (終生)，
•for good (永遠(yuǎn)), answer for （負(fù)責(zé)）,
•be responsible for account for,
•convenient for, necessary for, admiration for, appetite for, candidate for, preference for,
•sympathy for, charge for, demand for,
•Make for, arrange for, crave for,
•yearn for, thirst for, hunt for,
•apply for, wait for, go in for,
•long for, pray for, take for
•famous for, compensation for,
•have a taste for,
•in stock, in particular,
•in terms of, in respect to,
•in the light of (根據(jù))， in time,
•in vain, engaged in,
in honor of, in addition,
in brief, in essence,
in possession of, in part,
in turn, in all,
be indulged in, in general
•With
•in line with, in touch with,
•in contact with, tremble with fear,
•with a firm hand, with the exception of,
•be acquainted with, be busy with,
•be bored with, confronted with,
•Be endowed with (被賦予…),
•concerned with, be satisfied/content with, identical with, strict with,
•compromise with, conflict with,
• encounter with, get along with,
•coincide with, go with,
•match with, keep up with,
•deal with, part with,
•put up with