漢英口譯分類詞匯（08）--經(jīng)濟金融詞匯
不景氣 slump （衰退 recession）
二板市場 the second board market
中國創(chuàng)業(yè)板 China Growth Enterprise Market
首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering)
市場資本總額 market capitalization
法人股 institutional shares
內(nèi)部股（非上市招股） private company shares
牛市 bull market
法律風(fēng)險 legal risk
風(fēng)險管理 risk management
堅持嚴格的貸款標(biāo)準 maintain strong underwriting standards
六大風(fēng)險 risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)
信用風(fēng)險 credit risk
供給學(xué)派 supply-side economist
第一產(chǎn)業(yè)（農(nóng)業(yè)） agriculture (primary industry)
第二產(chǎn)業(yè)（工業(yè)） manufacturing industry (secondary industry)
第三產(chǎn)業(yè)（服務(wù)業(yè)） service industry (tertiary industry)
主要經(jīng)濟指標(biāo) major economic indicators
國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP gross domestic product （商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，不包括海外收入支出）
國民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP gross national product（商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，包括海外收入支出）
人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP per capita
宏觀經(jīng)濟 macro economy
互助基金 mutual fund
擴大內(nèi)需 expand domestic demand
改善居民心理預(yù)期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs
鼓勵增加即期消費 encourage more immediate consumption
長期國債 long-term treasury bonds
支付國債利息 to service treasury bonds
財政赤字和債務(wù) deficits and the national debt
按原口徑計算 calculate on the base line
按不變價格計算 calculate at constant price
按可比價格計算 calculate at comparable price
列入財政預(yù)算支出 listed in the fiscal budget
結(jié)售匯制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales
經(jīng)常項目順差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account
開辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù) engage in Renminbi (RMB) business
出口退稅制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods
保證金臺帳制度 Deposit account system for processing trade
分期付款 pay by installment
保值儲蓄 inflation-proof bank savings
抵押貸款 collateralised loans
住房抵押貸款 residential mortgage loan
貨幣主義者 monetarist
計劃經(jīng)濟 planned economy
指令性計劃 mandatory plan
技術(shù)密集型 technology intensive
大規(guī)模生產(chǎn) mass production
經(jīng)濟林 cash tree
跟蹤審計 follow-up auditing
流動性風(fēng)險 liquidity risk
操作風(fēng)險 operational risk
內(nèi)部審計 internal audit
拋售 bear sales
配套政策 supporting policies
中國人民銀行（中央銀行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）
四大國有商業(yè)銀行 4 major state-owned commercial banks
中國銀行 Bank of china
中國工商銀行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and
中國建設(shè)銀行 Construction Bank of China
中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行 Agricultural Bank of China
招商銀行 China Merchants Bank
疲軟股票 soft stock
配股 allotment of shares
實際增長率 growth rate in real terms
年均增長率 average growth rate per annum
投資回報率 rate of return on investment
外貿(mào)進出口總額 total foreign trade value
實際利用外資 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place
消費價格指數(shù) consumer price index (CPI)
零售價格指數(shù) retail price index （RPI）
生活費用價格總指數(shù) total price index of living cost
生活費用 income available for living expenses
扣除物價因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis
居民儲蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit
恩格爾系數(shù)（食品開支占總支出的比例） Engel coefficient
基尼系數(shù)（衡量地區(qū)差別） Gini coefficient
購買力平價法 purchasing power parity (PPP)
（衡量使用不同貨幣的兩個國家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟水平、收入水平的一種計算法，用相等的匯率比較兩種貨幣各自的國內(nèi)購買力）
片面追求發(fā)展速度 excessive pursuit of growth
泡沫經(jīng)濟 bubble economy 經(jīng)濟過熱 overheating of economy
通貨膨脹 inflation
實體經(jīng)濟 the real economy
經(jīng)濟規(guī)律 laws of economics
市場調(diào)節(jié) market regulation
優(yōu)化資源配置 optimize allocation of resources
規(guī)模經(jīng)營優(yōu)勢 advantage of economies of scale
勞動密集型 labor intensive
市場風(fēng)險 market risk
收緊銀根 tighten up monetary policy
適度從緊的財政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy
信用緊縮 credit crunch
加強國有商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部資金調(diào)度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be
improved.
合理劃分貸款審批權(quán)限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be
rationally defined.
保證有市場、有效益、守信用企業(yè)的流動資金貸款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and
trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets
啟動民間投資 attract investment from the private sector
適銷對路的產(chǎn)品 the right products / readily marketable products
國有企業(yè) state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
集體企業(yè) collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises
私營企業(yè) private businesses
民營企業(yè) privately-run businesses
中小企業(yè) small-and-medium-sized enterprises
三資企業(yè)（中外合資、中外合作、外商獨資） overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises
(Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint
ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)
存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits
貨幣回籠 withdrawal of currency from circulation
吸收游資 absorb idle fund
經(jīng)常性貸款 commercial lending
經(jīng)常性支出 operating expenses
再貸款 re-lending; subloan
支持國有大型企業(yè)和高新技術(shù)企業(yè)上市融資 support large state-owned enterprises and high and
innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on
the stock market
改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that
it will get listed on the stock market.
進一步規(guī)范和發(fā)展證券市場 further standardize and develop the securities market
增加直接融資比重 increase the proportion of direct financing
完善股票發(fā)行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets
中國證監(jiān)會 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)
深圳證券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange
上海證券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange
綜合指數(shù) composite index
納斯達克（高技術(shù)企業(yè)板） NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated
Quotation
主板市場 the main board
通貨緊縮 deflation
中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)分三步走的戰(zhàn)略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization
drive第一步，到1990年國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of
1980.第二步，到2000年人均國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻兩番，人民生活達到小康水平 Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples
that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable
life.第三步，到21世紀中期建國100周年時，達到中等發(fā)達國家水平 Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th
anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par
with the mid-ranking developed countries
與世界經(jīng)濟的聯(lián)系將更加緊密 be more closely linked to the world economy
中國巨大的市場潛力將逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實的購買力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned
into tangible purchasing power.
適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟需要的法律法規(guī)體系還不夠健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as
to adapt to the demand of market economy.
經(jīng)濟管理體制可能會出現(xiàn)一些不適應(yīng) The economic management system may not be readily adapted to
the changes.
一些行業(yè)和企業(yè)可能會受到?jīng)_擊 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely
affected.
立足中國國情，發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages
into play
揚長避短，趨利避害，迎接經(jīng)濟全球化的挑戰(zhàn) foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the
challenge of economic globalization
瓶頸制約 bottleneck constraints
放權(quán)讓利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)
深化改革 intensify reform; deepen one’s commitment to reform
配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms
配套資金 counterpart funds; local funding of
提高經(jīng)濟效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns
講求社會效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect
加速國民經(jīng)濟信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy
拉動經(jīng)濟增長 fuel economic growth
利改稅 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery
費改稅 transform administrative fees into taxes
債轉(zhuǎn)股 debt-to-equity swap
頭寸寬裕（頭寸緊缺） in an easy position (tight position)
朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè) sunrise industry
招標(biāo)投標(biāo)制 the system of public bidding for project
充分發(fā)揮貨幣政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy
實施積極的財政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy
向銀行增發(fā)國債，擴大投資 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to
increase investment.
再注資 recapitalization
放松銀根 to ease monetary policy
信息經(jīng)濟 IT economy
外向型經(jīng)濟 export-oriented economy
信息時代 information age
全球化 globalization （全球性globality）
信譽風(fēng)險 reputational risk
風(fēng)險評級 risk rating
到期不還貸 default on a loan
資不抵債 insolvency; be insolvent
亞洲金融危機 Asian financial crisis (1997-98)
投資（貸款）組合 investment (loan) portfolio
外匯儲備充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves
中國金融業(yè)問題 problems with financial sector in China
儲蓄比例過高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply
國有企業(yè)產(chǎn)負債率過高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,
國有獨資商業(yè)銀行不良資產(chǎn)比例過高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial
banks
少數(shù)中小存款金融機構(gòu)不能支付到期債務(wù) insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial
institutions
不良貸款 non-performing loans
防范和化解金融風(fēng)險 address financial risks
提高企業(yè)借貸和行使民事責(zé)任的能力 improve enterprises’ creditworthiness and ability to fulfil
their civil liabilities
監(jiān)事會 supervisory board
實行謹慎會計制度 adopt prudential accounting standards
五級分類法劃分貸款質(zhì)量 the five-category asset classification approach
金融資產(chǎn)管理公司 financial asset management companies
分離和收回不良資產(chǎn) substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets
分業(yè)管理、規(guī)模經(jīng)營 business segregation, economy of scale
規(guī)范金融機構(gòu)市場退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions
政策性銀行 state policy-related bank
國家發(fā)展銀行 State Development Bank
知識經(jīng)濟 knowledge-based economy
網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟 Internet-based networked economy
指導(dǎo)性計劃 guidance plan
社會主義市場經(jīng)濟（中國） socialist market economy
社會市場經(jīng)濟（德國） social market economy
新經(jīng)濟（美國） new economy
中國光大銀行 Everbright Bank of China
中國民聲銀行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.
中信實業(yè)銀行 CITIC Industrial Bank
中國進出口銀行 China EXIM Bank
匯豐銀行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)
金融監(jiān)管 financial supervision
中國人民銀行法 Law of the People’s Bank of China
商業(yè)銀行法 Law of Commercial Banks
保險法 Law of Insurance
證券法 Law of Securities
巴塞爾原則 Basel Core Principles
監(jiān)管對象的行為有問題、管理機制不健全 problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound
internal governance mechanism
風(fēng)險意識 consciousness of risk prevention
事前監(jiān)管 proactive regulation and supervision
account number 帳目編號
depositor 存戶
pay-in slip 存款單
a deposit form 存款單
a banding machine 自動存取機
to deposit 存款
deposit receipt 存款收據(jù)
private deposits 私人存款
certificate of deposit 存單
deposit book, passbook 存折
credit card 信用卡
principal 本金
overdraft, overdraw 透支
to counter sign 雙簽
to endorse 背書
endorser 背書人
to cash 兌現(xiàn)
to honor a check 兌付
to dishonor a check 拒付
to suspend payment 止付
check 支票
check book 支票本
order check 記名支票
bearer check 不記名支票
crossed check 橫線支票
blank check 空白支票
rubber check 空頭支票
check stub, counterfoil 票根
cash check 現(xiàn)金支票
traveler's check 旅行支票
check for transfer 轉(zhuǎn)帳支票
outstanding check 未付支票
canceled check 已付支票
forged check 偽支票
Bandar's note 莊票，銀票
banker 銀行家
president 行長
savings bank 儲蓄銀行
Chase Bank 大通銀行
National City Bank of New York 花旗銀行
Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 匯豐銀行
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麥加利銀行
Banque de I'Indo Chine 東方匯理銀行
central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央銀行
bank of issue, bank of circulation 發(fā)行幣銀行
commercial bank 商業(yè)銀行，儲蓄信貸銀行
member bank, credit bank 儲蓄信貸銀行
discount bank 貼現(xiàn)銀行
exchange bank 匯兌銀行
requesting bank 委托開證銀行
issuing bank, opening bank 開證銀行
advising bank, notifying bank 通知銀行
negotiation bank 議付銀行
confirming bank 保兌銀行
paying bank 付款銀行
associate banker of collection 代收銀行
consigned banker of collection 委托銀行
clearing bank 清算銀行
local bank 本地銀行
domestic bank 國內(nèi)銀行
overseas bank 國外銀行
unincorporated bank 錢莊
branch bank 銀行分行
trustee savings bank 信托儲蓄銀行
trust company 信托公司
financial trust 金融信托公司
unit trust 信托投資公司
trust institution 銀行的信托部
credit department 銀行的信用部
commercial credit company(discount company) 商業(yè)信貸公司（貼現(xiàn)公司）
neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道儲蓄所
credit union 合作銀行
credit bureau 商業(yè)興信所
self-service bank 無人銀行
land bank 土地銀行
construction bank 建設(shè)銀行
industrial and commercial bank 工商銀行
bank of communications 交通銀行
mutual savings bank 互助儲蓄銀行
post office savings bank 郵局儲蓄銀行
mortgage bank, building society 抵押銀行
industrial bank 實業(yè)銀行
home loan bank 家宅貸款銀行
reserve bank 準備銀行
chartered bank 特許銀行
corresponding bank 往來銀行
merchant bank, accepting bank 承兌銀行
investment bank 投資銀行
import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 進出口銀行
joint venture bank 合資銀行
money shop, native bank 錢莊
credit cooperatives 信用社
clearing house 票據(jù)交換所
public accounting 公共會計
business accounting 商業(yè)會計
cost accounting 成本會計
depreciation accounting 折舊會計
computerized accounting 電腦化會計
general ledger 總帳
subsidiary ledger 分戶帳
cash book 現(xiàn)金出納帳
cash account 現(xiàn)金帳
journal, day-book 日記帳，流水帳
bad debts 壞帳
investment 投資
surplus 結(jié)余
idle capital 游資
economic cycle 經(jīng)濟周期
economic boom 經(jīng)濟繁榮
economic recession 經(jīng)濟衰退
economic depression 經(jīng)濟蕭條
economic crisis 經(jīng)濟危機
economic recovery 經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇
inflation 通貨膨脹
deflation 通貨收縮
devaluation 貨幣貶值
revaluation 貨幣增值
international balance of payment 國際收支
favorable balance 順差
adverse balance 逆差
hard currency 硬通貨
soft currency 軟通貨
international monetary system 國際貨幣制度
the purchasing power of money 貨幣購買力
money in circulation 貨幣流通量
note issue 紙幣發(fā)行量
national budget 國家預(yù)算
national gross product 國民生產(chǎn)總值
public bond 公債
stock, share 股票
debenture 債券
treasury bill 國庫券
debt chain 債務(wù)鏈
direct exchange 直接（對角）套匯
indirect exchange 間接（三角）套匯
cross rate, arbitrage rate 套匯匯率
foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外匯儲備
foreign exchange fluctuation 外匯波動
foreign exchange crisis 外匯危機
discount 貼現(xiàn)
discount rate, bank rate 貼現(xiàn)率
gold reserve 黃金儲備
money (financial) market 金融市場
stock exchange 股票交易所
broker 經(jīng)紀人
commission 傭金
bookkeeping 簿記
bookkeeper 簿記員
an application form 申請單
bank statement 對帳單
letter of credit 信用證
strong room, vault 保險庫
equitable tax system 等價稅則
specimen signature 簽字式樣
banking hours, business hours 營業(yè)時間
share, equity, stock 股票、股權(quán)
negotiable share 可流通股份
treasury /government bond 國庫券/政府債券
closed-end securities investment fund 封閉式證券投資基金
open-end securities investment fund 開放式證券投資基金
market capitalization 市值
mark-to-market 逐日盯市
clearing and settlement 清算/結(jié)算
put / call option 看跌/看漲期權(quán)
rights issue/offering 配股
ADR(American Depository Receipt)美國存托憑證/存股證
GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托憑證/存股證
institutional investor 機構(gòu)投資者
proprietary trading 自營
market manipulation 市場操縱
IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公開發(fā)行
securities 證券
premium 溢價
share capital 股本
composite index 綜合指數(shù)
capital market 資本市場
liquidity 流通性
highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠桿交易機構(gòu)
subscribe 申購
underwriter承銷商
road show 路演
primary market 一級市場
information disclosure 信息披露
blue chips 藍籌股
gilt-edged bond 金邊債券
rating agency 評級機構(gòu)
credit trading 信用交易
open/close a position 建/平倉
bond, debenture, debts 債券
convertible bond 可轉(zhuǎn)換債券
corporate bond 企業(yè)債券
fund manager 基金經(jīng)理/管理公司
fund custodian bank 基金托管銀行
p/e (price/earning) ratio 市盈率
payment versus delivery 銀券交付
commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生產(chǎn)品
margins, collateral 保證金
bonus share 紅股
dividend 紅利/股息
retail / private investor 個人投資者/散戶
broker/dealer 券商
insider trading/dealing 內(nèi)幕交易
prospectus招股說明書
merger and acquisition收購兼并
warrant 認股權(quán)證
raised capital/proceeds 籌資
component index 成份指數(shù)
turnover rate 換手率
monetary market 貨幣市場
hedge fund 對沖基金
self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律組織
issuer 發(fā)行人
intermediary 中介機構(gòu)
secondary listing 第二上市
secondary market 二級市場
controlling shareholder 控股股東
red chips紅籌股
junk bond 立即債券
securities loan 融券
financing 融資